science warm up: complete your evaluation and

Observation vs. Inference.notebook

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Science Warm Up:

Complete your Evaluation and Improvement Writing Piece for the Shoe Design Challenge.

Minimum of six sentences.

This is graded.

Use data to back up claims.

Once done, turn in to me at the front and grab your EOW Quiz. File this in you name bin in the back.

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Looking at the picture. What do you see? Give me facts.

Looking at the picture. What do you think happened?

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Thinking like a scientist...

2 big jobs! Observations information gathered from using your 5 senses. They are facts about what you notice. Can be # or words.

1) Taste

2) Touch

3) Hear

4) Smell

5 Sight

Inferences explanation based on prior knowledge/experience. Not proven yet, so scientist must conduct an investigation.


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2 types of Observations/Data:QN = NumbersQL = Letters


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QuaLitative QuaNtitativeThe solution became cooler.

Temperature = 99 degrees C

Bubble formed at the top. Speed: 75 mph

The mold grew each day. Diameter = 6 cm

The leaf turned brown.Mass = 80 grams


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It can be tricky...

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Practice making inferences!


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From these observations and inferences...

Scientists preform a scientific investigation

What is wrong!!!

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Question

Hypothesis

Experiment

Analysis

Conclusion

ResearchScientific

MethodWhat do you know?


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1) It all starts with a testable question... Can not be answered with a yes or no.

Can not be opinion

Examples:How much water can a root hair absorb?

How does sunlight impact the growth of a plant?

What effect does temperature have on heart rate?

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Testable Not Testable

Is that drink good?

Do kids learn better taking notes or no notes?

How does taking notes impact student learning? Do volcanoes erupt?What factors make cheetahs run further?

Do dogs prefer meat or vegetable?

What factors impact a dog's food preference?


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2) From a scientific questions...Scientists form a hyptothesis

Hypothesis = a possible or reasonable explanation to a scientific question.

It is NOT AN EDUCATED GUESS

Write a hypothesis using the IF...THEN...BECAUSE format.

Question: Do kids preform better taking notes?

Hypothesis: If students take Notes then they will make better grades because they are seeing, hearing, reading, and writing

the content that needs to be learned.

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Examples:

1. Question: Does a plant grow better in the dark or in the light?

Hypothesis: If a plant is placed in the dark then it will not grow as big as it would in the light because plants need sunlight to develop.

2. Questions: What type of soda stains your teeth the most?

Hypothesis: If a person drinks dark soda then it will stain his or her teeth more than a light soda because of the coloring in the soda.


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You try!

1. Question: Will a student make better grade standing or sitting while in class?

Hypothesis: If _________________________ then____________________ because_______________________

2. Questions: Do students preform better taking notes?

Hypothesis: If _________________________ then____________________ because_______________________

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Round Robin Scientific Question Activity


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QL Observation

QN Observation Inference Scientific

Question Hypothesis

Tuesday's Warm Up:Look at your picture with your group. Complete the chart below.


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3) Experiment Time... Follow specific and organized steps

Can only test 1 variable at a time.

Must conduct more than 1 trial to see if data is consistent.

Need to select an appropriate sample size to gain enough data to support evidence.

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Question: Do kids preform better taking notes?

What are we testing?_______ vs. ________

What is an appropriate sample size for our class? ______

How many trials do we need to conduct? _______

Not testing: times of day, boys vs. girls, different subjects, different grades, different room temperatures, different teachers, etc.

These must be constant....


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What and how data will be collected? What tools are needed?

How will I record my measurements?What materials are needed?

What are my independent and dependent variables?What variables need to be controlled/consistent?

Things to think about when designing an experiment...

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3 types of variables:

1) Independent variable The one thing that is being tested. What you purposefully change in the experiment. (manipulated)

Ex. Notes vs. No Notes

Independent = "I" change

2) Dependent variable What is being measured

(responding)

Ex. Grades of students

3) Controlled variable what is kept the same

Ex. same Test type, same time, same environment, same # of students, same lesson, same teacher.

Experimen

tal Group

and Contro

l Group


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These two groups are identical except for one factor. The control group serves as the comparison. It is the same as the experiment group, except that the one variable that is being tested is removed. The experimental group shows the effect of the variable that is being tested.

An experiment is based on the comparison between a experimental group and a control

group.

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Variable Practice

1. Guinea pigs are kept at different temperatures for 6 weeks. Percent weight gain is recorded.

a. Independent variable: ________________________________________________

b. Dependent variable: _________________________________________________

2. An investigator hypothesizes that the adult weight of a dog is higher when it has fewer littermates.

a. Independent variable: ________________________________________________

b. Dependent variable: _________________________________________________


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Let's Practice

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After the experiment...Now What???

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4) After you test your hypothesis in your experiment...you should analyze your data.

Ex.

Experimental Group Control Group

Notes Students NO Notes Students

Student A = 97% Student D = 70%

Student B = 89% Student E = 75%

Student C = 94% Student F = 74%

Student D = 95% Student G = 80%

Average =____ Average = _____

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Graphing Data: DRY MIX

D Dependent

R Responding

Y Y axis

M Manipulated

I Independent

X X axis

AverageGrade of Students

Students that took Notes

Students that did not take

Notes

94%

75%

Titley axis

x axis

Dry

Mix0

Graphing is Key in communicating resultsBar = Compare data Line = Change over Time


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Graphing is Key in communicating results

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What graph is right and which one is wrong. Explain.


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What graph is right and which one is wrong. Explain.

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Last but not least...it is conclusion time! After studying the data, scientist will compare it to their hypothesis.

Need to be CLEAR

It is ok if your hypothesis was wrong!

Redesign...and try again!

NO INFERENCES!


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Life Cycle of Data!


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http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/scientificinquiry/scientificmethods.htm

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science warm up: complete your evaluation and

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