science & technology in a wired world
DESCRIPTION
Explains to a science audience why creating knowledge is not enough in a digital exonomyTRANSCRIPT
Science and TechnologyScience and Technologyin a Wired Worldin a Wired World
““Since it is axiomatic that a firm’s greatest Since it is axiomatic that a firm’s greatest asset is its knowledge, then the firm that asset is its knowledge, then the firm that fails to generate new knowledge will fails to generate new knowledge will probably cease to exist.”probably cease to exist.”
Thomas Davenport (1998)Thomas Davenport (1998)
Canadian Forest Service - S&T Forum – June 26, 2001
Creating Knowledge is not EnoughCreating Knowledge is not Enough
Palo Alto Research Center developed:Palo Alto Research Center developed:– Graphical User Interface (GUI)Graphical User Interface (GUI)– Object-oriented programmingObject-oriented programming– Laser PrinterLaser Printer– EthernetEthernet– Notebook computer (concept)Notebook computer (concept)
Xerox stuck to it’s core business Xerox stuck to it’s core business (photocopying)(photocopying)
Apple, Hewlett Packard, 3COM became richApple, Hewlett Packard, 3COM became rich Japanese photocopiers nearly destroyed XeroxJapanese photocopiers nearly destroyed Xerox
Knowledge-Based EconomyKnowledge-Based Economy
Success based on what Success based on what you know; not what you you know; not what you own own
Value of goods based Value of goods based on knowledge contenton knowledge content
Creating and using Creating and using knowledge is the keyknowledge is the key
Internet runs two ways; Internet runs two ways; Canada must Canada must participateparticipate
Organizations must Organizations must change or become change or become irrelevantirrelevant
Rate of change is acceleratingRate of change is accelerating– Half-life of knowledgeHalf-life of knowledge approachingapproaching zero by 2035zero by 2035
Confluence of technologiesConfluence of technologies– Communication, computers, networks, Communication, computers, networks,
informationinformation Moore’s Law (technology)Moore’s Law (technology)
– Capacity doubles every 12-18 monthsCapacity doubles every 12-18 months Metcalf’s Law (networks)Metcalf’s Law (networks)
– Power is proportional to usersPower is proportional to users22
In a Wired WorldIn a Wired World
An Information SocietyAn Information Society
Fundamental socioeconomic revolutionFundamental socioeconomic revolution– societies, economies and organizations must societies, economies and organizations must
adaptadapt Global connectivityGlobal connectivity
– consequences of a global nervous systemconsequences of a global nervous system Information overloadInformation overload
– information desert to information jungleinformation desert to information jungle Increasingly complex issues Increasingly complex issues
– sustainable development, climate changesustainable development, climate change Increasing expectations of usersIncreasing expectations of users
– Accessibility, timeliness, transparencyAccessibility, timeliness, transparency
Knowledge Organization
Internal Knowledge
Nature External Knowledge
Applied Knowledge
Creation Sharing
Management
Preservation
Lost Knowledge
Knowledge 101Knowledge 101
Data - Data - What are the Facts?What are the Facts?– (observations and measurements)(observations and measurements)
Information - Information - What do they mean?What do they mean?– (interpretation within a context)(interpretation within a context)
Knowledge - Knowledge - How does it work?How does it work?– (relations between things, cause & effect)(relations between things, cause & effect)
Wisdom - Wisdom - What should I do?What should I do?– (experience and judgment)(experience and judgment)
Creating Knowledge Creating Knowledge
Drivers (problems, issues, government)
Organization (mandate, resources, culture)
People (analyze, reason, decide)
Content (facts, meaning, understanding)
Systems (information processes)
Technology (computers, communication)
Process
Data Information Knowledge Application
Production Stage
Value
Creating Knowledge - StepsCreating Knowledge - Steps
Search for existing knowledgeSearch for existing knowledge Acquire contentAcquire content Manage databasesManage databases Transform data into informationTransform data into information Synthesize new knowledgeSynthesize new knowledge Produce knowledge productsProduce knowledge products Disseminate knowledge productsDisseminate knowledge products Use knowledge to solve problemsUse knowledge to solve problems
Enabling Knowledge CreationEnabling Knowledge Creation
Descriptive - Descriptive - program descriptionsprogram descriptions
Static - Static - reports, publicationsreports, publications
Updated - Updated - inventories, statisticsinventories, statistics
Dynamic - Dynamic - information systemsinformation systems
Interactive - Interactive - decision-support decision-support
systemssystems
Creating Knowledge on the WebCreating Knowledge on the Web
User PerspectivesUser PerspectivesSSttaaggee CCoonntteenntt DDaattaa SSeeaarrcchh IInntteerraaccttiivviittyy EExxaammpplleess
Descriptive programdescriptions
none site download CanadianForest Network
Static reportspublications
static data site feedback State of theForest
Updated inventoriesstatistics
updateddatabases
organizationaldirectories,numericaldatabases
discussion,tabulate data,write reports
Forest-reliantcommunities
Dynamic informationsystems
multiple linkeddatabases
multi-agency,national digitallibraries
order services,manipulate data
Spatial FireMgmt. System
Interactive decision-support systems
customdatabases
intelligentsearches, plaintext
analyze data,remotemodelling,synthesizeinformation
NatGrid
Creating Knowledge on the WebCreating Knowledge on the Web Provider PerspectivesProvider Perspectives
DDeevveellooppmmeennttSSttaaggee
TTiimmee SSttaaffff
OObbjjeeccttiivveess PPoolliicciieess
Descriptive 1-2 mos. Casual Public relationsPresenceLearning Skills
IdentityAppearanceCommunication
Static 2-4 mos. Part-time Report PublicationAuthentication
Updated 6-12 mos. Half-time Monitoring Marketing AccessQA/QCCost recovery
Dynamic 1-2 yrs. Full time Technical supportShare dataShare information
InteroperabilityPartnerships
Interactive 3-5 yrs. Team Synthesize informationPolicy developmentResource management
Intellectual property
Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management
Capacity buildingCapacity building– resources, infrastructure, contentresources, infrastructure, content
Organizational contextOrganizational context– governance, culture, learninggovernance, culture, learning
IntegrationIntegration– vertical, horizontal, externalvertical, horizontal, external
Knowledge
Management
CapacityBuilding
Organizational Context
Resources Infra-structure
ContentGover-nance
Culture
Learning
Funds
People
Time
Technology
Systems
Management
Acquisition
Production
Dissemination
Vision
Direction
Commitment
Change
Sharing
Controlling
Education
Skills
Experience
Knowledge Management Framework
Autonomous, distributed databases & information repositories
Land
use
Resource
inventories
Resource
statisticsCensus
Data
Environmental
data Remote
sensing
Integrated data, information, and knowledge
Internet
Internet
Diverse horizontal issues
SustainableDevelopment
Climatechange
RuralCommunities
Health &Safety
Economiccompetitiveness
Aboriginal Issues
Integrating Knowledge
Preserving KnowledgePreserving Knowledge
Capture - Capture - document, codify, digitize, enterdocument, codify, digitize, enter
Organize - Organize - classification, thesauri, metadataclassification, thesauri, metadata
Store - Store - libraries,libraries, repositories, data repositories, data warehouseswarehouses
RetrieveRetrieve - browser, search engine, access - browser, search engine, access
Maintain - Maintain - security, integrity, accesssecurity, integrity, access
Migrate - Migrate - evolveevolve technologytechnology
ManageManage - value, life cycle, capacity - value, life cycle, capacity
Sharing Knowledge Sharing Knowledge
Agency 1 Information
Agency 2 Information
Internal flow regulators
Internal flow regulators
External flow regulators
Attributes Technology Infrastructure
Knowledge Flow RegulatorsKnowledge Flow Regulators
ContextContext - - issues, social, economic, natureissues, social, economic, nature
InstitutionalInstitutional - organization, national, international - organization, national, international
ContentContent - domain, provider, user - domain, provider, user
TechnologyTechnology - computers, communication, networks - computers, communication, networks
InfrastructureInfrastructure - interoperability, metadata, systems - interoperability, metadata, systems
None
High
RestrictedUnrestricted
Desired generalstate
Specific costcircumstances
Specific restrictioncircumstances
Specific costand restrictioncircumstances
Goal of proposedpolicy
NRCan Access to Knowledge PolicyNRCan Access to Knowledge Policy
Access
Cost
Adapting Content to UsersAdapting Content to Users
ScientificScientific (concepts, process, correctness) (concepts, process, correctness) TechnicalTechnical (details, precision, manuals) (details, precision, manuals) BusinessBusiness (profits, competition, case studies) (profits, competition, case studies) SynthesizedSynthesized (integration, generalities) (integration, generalities) GeneralGeneral (usability, understandability) (usability, understandability) LearningLearning (education, training, skills) (education, training, skills) YouthYouth (curiosity, fun) (curiosity, fun)
Using KnowledgeUsing Knowledge
Solve problemsSolve problems (experience, complex) (experience, complex) Support decisionsSupport decisions (quantitative, defensible) (quantitative, defensible) Reduce workReduce work (automation, systems) (automation, systems) Speed responseSpeed response (efficiency, effectiveness) (efficiency, effectiveness) Analyze issuesAnalyze issues (horizontal, multi-dimensional) (horizontal, multi-dimensional) Develop policiesDevelop policies (negotiate, conflicting) (negotiate, conflicting) Improve materialsImprove materials (stronger, use less) (stronger, use less) Enhance technologyEnhance technology (functionality, reliability) (functionality, reliability) Predict outcomesPredict outcomes (plan, anticipate) (plan, anticipate)
Knowledge Management DivisionKnowledge Management Division
Steering Committee establishedSteering Committee established– Selected DGs, Directors from all Regions, Selected DGs, Directors from all Regions,
BranchesBranches
Foundation documents being draftedFoundation documents being drafted– (business case, governance, strategic plan)(business case, governance, strategic plan)
Considerable activity under wayConsiderable activity under way– International (2), national (5), departmental (7), International (2), national (5), departmental (7),
CFS (22)CFS (22)
CFS-KM Web site CFS-KM Web site – http://cfsintranet.nrcan.gc.ca/KM/http://cfsintranet.nrcan.gc.ca/KM/
In the final analysis…In the final analysis…
““Knowledge of the universe would Knowledge of the universe would somehow be…defective were no practical somehow be…defective were no practical results to follow.”results to follow.”
Cicero (106-43 BC)Cicero (106-43 BC)