science & technology june 12 2012 .pdf · science & technology einstein’s lost notes...
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Science & Technology
Einstein’s Lost Notes
“Replace beehive burners”
“Use Alterna Energy”
“E = bc2, where bc = BIOCARBON”
Alterna Biocarbon Inc.
P.O. Box 2250 Prince George, BC
V2N 2J8 www.alternabiocarbon.com
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Science & Technology
Einstein’s Lost Notes
“Replace beehive burners”
“Use Alterna Energy”
“E = bc2, where bc = BIOCARBON”
Alterna Biocarbon Inc.
Hugh McLaughlin, Ph.D., P.E.
Director of Biocarbon Research
www.alternabiocarbon.com
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1
BIOMASS BIOCARBON DRYING Pyrolysis
Dehydration Decarbonylation
Carbonization Depolymerization Radical formation
COOLING
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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Concept Design
Commercial Facility
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Alterna Biocarbon
South Africa
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McBride Biocarbon
Technical Facility
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McBride Biocarbon
Technical Facility
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Emissions after high temperature
oxidation – integral to process
Particulate = 13 mg/m3 SO2 = N.D.
NO2 = 28 ppm CO = 34 ppm
Volatiles = 9 ppm
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Currently under construction in Isle Pierre, BC is the first commercial
scale Van Aardt Process. Isle Pierre is 32 km west of Prince George
and adjacent to the Canfor-Isle Pierre Sawmill. The initial line will
process 4,000 to 5,000 tonnes of various “Biocarbon” products per
year, with the site capacity of 25,000 tonnes per year when completed.
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Coal blend Maple Leaf
Charcoal
Alterna Energy
Charcoal
Proximate Ash 7.30 2.30 6.11
VM 29.26 15.50 12.90
FC 63.44 82.2 80.99
Ultimate %C 87.26 84.92
%H 2.86 1.90
%N 0.46 0.42
%S <0.05 <0.05
%O 7.07 6.66
Ash %SiO2 51.62 3.01 50.61
%Al2O3 30.73 0.87 8.70
%Fe2O3 8.62 0.82 10.03
%P2O5 0.385 3.80 1.14
%CaO 1.67 53.2 15.93
%MgO 0.86 8.05 3.01
%Na2O 0.56 2.74 1.38
%K2O 1.97 12.42 5.27
Data provided by CanmetENERGY, O3 April 2009 – private communication
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(35 wt %) (40 wt %) (25 wt %)
57% of carbon 33% of carbon
0% + 6% + 4% of carbon
as found in Antal & Gronli, The Art, Science and Technology of
Charcoal Production, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 1619-1640,
on page 1621, Klason and co-workers (1908, 1925) report:
For the carbonization of “wood”, at 400 Celsius:
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Excerpt from: The Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production,
Antal, et.al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 42, No. 8, 2003 (page 1621).
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Excerpt from: The Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production,
Antal, et.al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 42, No. 8, 2003 (page 1621).
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Maximum Biomass Processing Temperature Celsius
Mas
s f
rac
tio
n (
%)
Carbon Hydrogen
Oxygen wt fuel per wt dry wood
FC content FC yield
FIGURE 1: Trends on biocarbon properties with increasing carbonization temperatures
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FIGURE 2: Derived Fuel Metrics of Biofuels (dry wood = 100%)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Energy Yield (dry wood = 100%)
Energy Density (dry wood = 100%)
Fuel Yield (wt fuel per wt dry wood)
Moisture Content Highest Treatment Temperature0%
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6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 200 250 300 350 400 450
Highest Treatment Temp C
En
erg
y d
en
sti
y (
GJ/m
etr
ic t
on
ne)
0%moisture content of wood
carbonization at 400C - 2.53 GJ excess per tonne dry wood
carbonization at 350C - near iso-energetic w ith 50% moisture
torrefaction at 300C - iso-energetic at 30% moisture
Energy for Drying
Drying = removing 1 ton of water out per ton of dry wood - 2.32 GJ
FIGURE 4: Energy Balance - supplying the energy for Drying from the Pyrolysis Process
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Vapor = 6500 Btu/# x 28%/58% = 3140 Btu/#
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Energy = 72% - 51% = 21%
Weight = 42% - 27% = 15%
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Science & Technology
Einstein’s Lost Notes
“Replace beehive burners”
“Use Alterna Energy”
“E = bc2, where bc = BIOCARBON”
Alterna Biocarbon Inc.
P.O. Box 2250 Prince George, BC
V2N 2J8 www.alternabiocarbon.com