Tilapia farmers in Southern China: when do

they have their say?

Classic Vulnerability Factors

Income FoodDiseaseIlliterate

HainanInternational tourism islandTilapia production 19.5%

GuanzhouTilapia: 46.6% Marine white shrimp: ~ 37%MaomingLargest oil refinery plant in ChinaTilapia production: 25.5% Vannamei production: 7%Zhanjiang All about shrimpTilapia production: 13%Vannamei production: 25%

Tropical climate + coastline

Sustainability Ethical Aquaculture Trade

Characteristics of the farm

Certification China Inspection and Quarantine Non- CIQRegistration registered /large scale company individual business/ non-

registered

Pig-Fish integrated

o Pond + Pigpeno Pig fish complementary in term of cost and benefit

o Sell fish through local agent o Prefer domestic market, do not know CIQ

o Family businesso Have many livelihood activities such as farming (paddy), livestock, driver,

labor, other investmentoSell to middleman

oHigh demand by domestic marketNon –integrated (pond, reservoir)

•Migrated from Zhejiang province (duck farming) • Farmers = investor (Hainan), high debt•Tilapia with carp• Export orientate• Pond area is located out of the village, home is far away, etc• Marketing- Contract based - with processing plant/ feed producer•Reservoir farming- farming cycle follows demand on water

FARMER

Hatchery

Farmer orders and pays

Contractors / Village committee/ Auction committee

Person

Processor ExportFeed

producer

Land/ pond Developer/

owner

Direct contractwith lower price

Harvesting team RMB100/ person

plus 1 meal

Transport provided by processor

Transport by hatchery

Local and imported fishmeal

Local and imported agriculture products

Tilapia Farmer with CIQ in Hainan, China

Also provides yearly training to farmers infeeding, medicine application, anti-infection and

disease prevention methods, motivation

Equipment shop- net, water pumping system, aerator, feeding case, etcMedicine and chemical shop- anti- infection, medicine, water quality test, disease test, etc

Follow market price

Service providers

Credit from loan company, relatives

and friends

Cash, credit (paid by quantity of fish after harvesting)

Loan collectoragent appointedby feed company

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Farmer Links…

The right to make decision??

10-20 years contract

5 years contract

Pool of contract land from the village/

government

10 years contract

Second contract to investor/ farmerFirst contract

Developer/ investor/

farmer

Third contract

to farmer

Third contract

to farmer

RMB200/ mu RMB1000/mu

Value Change of Contract Land for Tilapia Culture in Hainan

US$460/ha/year US$2300/ha/year

Land Use Price

With a big smile: No choice, I have to leave …

When farming is an investment??

Remarks:1.Vulnerability factors vary under different culture, political

background, growth, resources available2. Insecurity- although they can earn some money from fish

farming, but they can’t sustain the land3. What is our role to help the group that marginalized by

development and growth?

Thank you

How could we help them to continue?

Your suggestions are most welcome