AAASAnnualReport 2008

The World is

flat

ScienceandTechnologyfromaGlobalPerspective

The American Association for the Advancement

of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general

scientific society and publisher of the journals,

Science (www.sciencemag.org) and Science Signaling

(www.sciencesignaling.org). Science Translational

Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org) will

be published beginning in the fall 2009. AAAS was

founded in 1848, and serves 262 affiliated societies

and academies of science, reaching 10 million

individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation

of any peer-reviewed general science journal in

the world, with an estimated total readership of 1

million. The nonprofit AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open

to all and fulfills its mission to “advance science and

serve society” through initiatives in science policy;

international programs; science education; and more.

For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert!,

www.eurekalert.org, the premier science-news Web

site, a service of AAAS.

TableofContents

2 Welcome Letter

4 Public Statements on Key Issues

6 AAAS Worldwide

8 Science Careers and Education

10 Science Policy and Society

12 Science, Technology, and Security

14 Science Breakthroughs

16 Media and Public Engagement

18 AAAS Awards and Prizes

20 2008 Golden Fund Update

22 AAAS Fellows

24 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members

34 Financial Summary

35 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers, and Information

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In a global economy, the world is indeed increasingly “flat,” as journalist Thomas L. Friedman has said. The energy crisis, insufficient resources, AIDS, and many other grand chal-lenges now clearly trump concerns based solely on political boundaries, underscoring the interdependence of all people. AAAS in 2008 helped to open new doors to international re-search cooperation — an essential step toward combating the most pressing problems of our age. Through interactions with world leaders from Africa to Europe, and from Latin America to Asia, the Association is actively exploring science and technol-ogy from a global perspective, and working to help stimulate economic growth by advancing science.

When Rwandan President Paul Kagame addressed the 174th AAAS Annual Meeting in Boston, for example, he described the optimism of a poor country that has pledged to invest 5% of its gross domestic product in science and technology by 2012. Similarly, Patrick Cunningham, Chief Sci-ence Advisor to the Irish Government, noted his government’s commitment to “doubling the science establishment between 2006 and 2013,” during a meeting with incoming AAAS President James J. McCarthy. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao also expressed hope for significantly increasing investment in basic research when he met with Science Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts.

As Wen noted, science and technology can indeed serve as “the wellspring and driving force” of innovation, and pillars of a new prosperity. Worldwide, our shared goal to enhance hu-man quality-of-life by leveraging scientific discovery suggests a path toward more trusting, productive communication with other countries. By launching the new AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy — supported by the Golden Family Foundation and the Richard Lounsbery Foundation — AAAS is promoting scientific collaborations related to climate change, energy, sustainability, innovation, human health, capacity-building, and a wide range of other global concerns. (See page 6.)

As one example of those efforts in 2008, a new agreement between AAAS and Vietnam’s National Institute for Science and Technology Policy and Strategy Studies outlined joint plans for advancing “science, technology, and innovation policies and studies.” An initial project under the agreement, a

symposium planned by AAAS under the auspices of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, was hosted by Vietnam and co-sponsored by the governments of China, New Zealand, and the United States.

The desire to improve science education for all children is another goal that connects societies around the world. Upholding the Association’s commitment to helping today’s students become tomorrow’s problem-solvers, Education and Human Resources Director Shirley Malcom ventured to Egypt to address the North Africa and Middle East Science Centers Network. In addition, at the invitation of the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Malcom spoke in Geneva about broadening science opportu-nities for women.

Project 2061, the AAAS science-education reform initia-tive, reached across borders to promote science literacy more broadly, resulting in the first-ever Japanese translation of the landmark publication, Science for All Americans. Another respected Project 2061 resource, the Atlas of Science Literacy, made its debut in Chinese. (Read more on page 8.) Science Careers continued to help match qualified scientists with jobs in industry, academia, and government, too, while also orga-nizing professional-development events with an increasingly international list of partners.

AAAS meanwhile formed productive new ties with an array of innovators from other regions — for instance, by launching the new AAAS-Hitachi Lecture on Science and Society. AAAS also worked to raise awareness for science in the United States during historic presidential campaigns. After teaming up with the Science Debate 2008 coalition to call for a science debate among presidential candidates, AAAS and the Associa-tion of American Universities launched a special Web site, sup-ported by the Lounsbery Foundation, to provide voters with objective, side-by-side comparisons of candidates’ views on science and technology. Through public forums for key cam-paign representatives, ongoing analysis of federal research-funding trends, the 35-year-old Science and Technology Policy Fellowships program, and dozens of Capitol Hill briefings, AAAS helped to promote the role of science in society. (See page 10 for further details.)

WelcomefromtheAAASChair,DavidBaltimore,andtheCEO,AlanI.Leshner

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Also in 2008, the Association continued to raise awareness of science-based issues through media appearances and op-ed articles, and by supporting science journalists worldwide. During a television appearance on “The Late Show with David Letterman,” for example, Past AAAS President John P. Holdren — now Assistant to the U.S. President for Science and Technology — emphasized the urgency of global climate change. In multiple op-ed placements, AAAS urged policy-makers to resist efforts to undermine the teaching of evolution while also calling on U.S. voters to demand a national science debate among presidential candidates, as outlined on pages 4-5.

Creative problem-solving is at the heart of both scientific discovery and entrepreneur-ship. Scientists and engineers can play a vital role in addressing humanity’s most critical challenges: improving access to nutritious food and clean water, new strategies for fighting diseases, and sustainable development. Building a new prosperity and a more peaceful world will require fundamental new insights. Through its premier international journal, Science, as well as an array of high-impact programmatic initiatives, AAAS is continuing to advance science to improve human welfare worldwide.

DavidBaltimore AlanI.LeshnerAAAS Chair (2008-2009) AAAS CEO andRobert Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology Executive Publisher,California Institute of Technology Science 08

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GLOBALCLIMATECHANGE

17 April. John P. Holdren, past AAAS >President and current Assistant to the U.S. President for Science and Technology, appeared on “The Late Show with David Letterman” to talk about global climate change.

EVOLUTIONINTHENEWS

7 January. “Teaching Evolution and >Creationism,” broadcast segment, “The Diane Rehm Show, American University Radio (WAMU), featuring AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner, Executive Publisher of Science.

7 April. “Free Florida’s Students from >Lagging Behind,” op-ed, Orlando Sentinel, by the AAAS CEO. If today’s students become confused about the nature of science versus religion, he wrote, they may have a hard time competing for jobs later. The CEO also handled multiple interviews with Florida radio reporters regarding an attempt to insert a single religious viewpoint into science classrooms.

18 April. AAAS released a statement >decrying the “profound dishonesty and lack of civility” demonstrated by the anti-evolution movie, “Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed.” A video response also was posted to the AAAS YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/wwwAAASorg.

6 May. “Anti-science Law Threatens >Tech Jobs of Future,” letter to the edi-tors, Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana). The AAAS CEO argued against legislation that would allow the supernatural concept of “intel-ligent design” to be presented along-side the scientific theory of evolution within science curriculum.

Official statements, briefings,

opinion essays, and television

appearances in 2008 allowed

AAAS to once again raise

awareness for “hot-button” science

and technology issues at the

intersection of science and society.

The Association also stepped up

efforts to better leverage online

and multimedia communications by

establishing a special channel on

YouTube, by participating in social

networking Web sites, and more.

PUBLICSTATEMENTSONKEyISSUES

5

14 May. The AAAS CEO wrote to Okla- >homa Governor Brad Henry, opposing the Religious Viewpoints Antidiscrimi-nation Act. By inserting religion into science classes, Leshner noted, the bill “could have serious negative con-sequences for science education.”

28 May. “Academic Freedom Bill a >Dangerous Distraction,” letter to the editors, Shreveport Times (Louisi-ana). The AAAS CEO once again cau-tioned against confusing science with religion in K-12 science classrooms.

10 June. Letter to Jim Tucker, Speaker >of the Louisiana House of Repre-sentatives, by the AAAS CEO, urging opposition to Senate Bill 733, which would open the door to religious or unscientific discussions as part of science instruction.

20 June. Letter to Louisiana Governor >Bobby Jindal, by the AAAS CEO, re-questing the veto of Senate Bill 733. The AAAS CEO and Al Teich, Director of Science and Policy Programs at AAAS, also took part in a Louisiana “radio tour” on this topic, handling multiple broadcast interviews.

22 October. “Board’s Actions Could >Put Students at a Disadvantage,” op-ed, Houston Chronicle. Bring-ing nonscientific ideas into biology classes “will confuse young students and teach them to distrust well-es-tablished scientific facts,” the AAAS CEO wrote.

SCIENCEANDSOCIETyISSUES

6 February. In response to an attack >by animal rights extremists who left an incendiary device at a researcher’s home, AAAS reaffirmed a 29 Novem-ber 2007 statement by its Board of Directors, denouncing such tactics.

31 March. AAAS Education and >Human Resources Director Shirley Malcom testified before the Congres-sional Nanotechnology Caucus, not-ing that nanotech proponents need to engage the public, and listen to and address any concerns.

14 April. AAAS sent a letter to U.S. >Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nevada) and members of the U.S. Senate, urg-ing passage of the Genetic Informa-tion Nondiscrimination Act.

15 July. AAAS and five other scientific >organizations wrote to the chair of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity, requesting clarity on the types of research with potential for misuse, and urging broader out-reach by the board and federal agen-cies prior to setting up any oversight system.

SCIENCEANDTHEU.S.PRESIDENCy

In 2008, AAAS launched a special Science and Technology in the 2008 Presidential Election Web site, with the Association of American Universities and the Richard Lounsbery Founda-tion, to provide objective, side-by-side comparisons of U.S. presidential candi-dates’ views on science-related issues. AAAS also teamed up with Science Debate 2008 to call for more public dis-course by the candidates about science.

17 March. “Among Science-Debate >Questions Put to Candidates,” op-ed, Philadelphia Inquirer, by the AAAS CEO.

17 April. “We Need a Science White >House,” op-ed, Wall Street Journal, by AAAS Board Chair David Baltimore, with fellow Nobel laureate Ahmed Zewail of the California Institute of Technology.

17 June. > Critical Upgrade: Enhanced Capacity for White House Science and Technology Policymaking. This Woodrow Wilson Center report, providing advice to the next U.S. President, reflected input from the Science and Policy Programs Director as well as Chief International Officer Vaughan Turekian.

3 September. “Why won’t the Can- >didates Debate Science?” op-ed, Denver Post online, by the AAAS CEO, with Carl E. Wieman, winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics and direc-tor of science education initiatives at the University of Colorado and the University of British Columbia.

21 September. “Where Do Obama >and McCain Stand on Science?” op-ed, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, by the AAAS Board Chair, with the CEO.

30 October. AAAS joined 180 orga- >nizations in writing to presidential candidates John McCain and Barack Obama, urging the next president to appoint a cabinet-rank White House science advisor by Inauguration Day, 20 January.

5 November. “AAAS Congratulates >President-elect Obama.” AAAS state-ment (print and YouTube).

22 December. “AAAS Applauds New >Science Appointees John Holdren, Jane Lubchenco, Harold Varmus, and Eric Lander,” AAAS statement.

SCIENCEEDUCATION

7 April. “Charlie Rose: The Imperative >and Promise of Science,” featuring Science Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts and past AAAS President Shirley Ann Jackson. View the video: www.charli-erose.com/view/interview/9027.

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AAASWORLDWIDE

CenterforScienceDiplomacyDebuts

A post-Iraq war Zogby International survey of people in six Arab nations revealed overwhelming hostility surrounding U.S. policies in the Middle East. Yet, many of those same respondents reported a highly favorable view of U.S. science and technology. “One of the tools we have to repair our image is building on the common ground of science and the culture of innovation,” U.S. Rep. Russ Carnahan (D-Missouri) noted in November during a AAAS meeting of top science leaders, diplomats, legislators, and educators. Amid increasing financial and geopolitical tensions, AAAS launched a new Center for Science Diplomacy to establish constructive communication with leaders in North Korea, Cuba, Syria, and other regions. With support from the Golden Family Foundation and the Richard Lounsbery Foundation, AAAS Center Director Vaughan Turekian and Senior Advisor Norman Neureiter are working to strengthen civil society relationships between nations. The center’s launch capped intensive efforts by AAAS to build relationships with leaders in Vietnam, China, the Middle East, Rwanda, and other regions based on mutual interests such as science education, economic progress, the energy crisis, global climate change, and sustainable development. Turekian sees science diplomacy as an especially important way to build understanding and trust with nations where governmental relations are strained. “At the heart, this is a matter of respect,” he said. “It’s a very powerful tool in diplomacy.” See http://diplomacy.aaas.org.

BuildingBridgeswithVietnam

As an early example of high-impact work by the new AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy, AAAS and Vietnam’s National Institute for Science and Technology Policy and Strategy Studies signed an agreement outlining joint plans for advancing “science, technology, and innovation policies and studies.” Working toward that goal, International Cooperation Director Tom Wang teamed up with AAAS Research Competitiveness Program Director Edward Derrick to help coordinate a symposium under the auspices of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. That event in Hanoi — hosted by Vietnam and co-sponsored by the governments of China, New Zealand, and the United States — brought together the leaders of some of the world’s most powerful economies. With Vietnam in the midst of an aggressive effort to develop a robust science and technology infrastructure, AAAS also welcomed a visit by the Vice

Facilitating the integration of a

global science enterprise is a

primary objective of the AAAS

International Office, which in

2008 expanded ties with key

counterparts and stakeholders

around the world. The office

also catalyzes AAAS-wide efforts

to increase global science and

education capacity as well as

international research cooperation.

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Minister of Vietnam’s Ministry of Science and Technology, Tran Quoc Thang. Earlier, AAAS hosted a delegation from the National Assembly of Vietnam. The country “has a population the size of Germany, so it’s not a small player,” Wang said. “Given its rate of growth, and how dynamic their economy is, it’s good to see that they are prioritizing science and education.”

ScienceEditorMeetstheChinesePremier

“Imagine if a U.S. president met for two hours with a Chinese scientist,” Science Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts said, describing his visit with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. “It was extraordinary.” Alberts, in Beijing to deliver lectures at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Tsinghua University, joined Science Asia News Editor Richard Stone for the rare personal meeting with the Chinese Premier and Chen Zhu, China’s Minister of Health. During that conversation, published 17 October in Science, Wen expressed hope for increasing Chinese investment in basic research, reducing energy consumption by 4% annually as economic gains continue, improving food safety, and leveraging science to help the poor. China’s Ministry of Science and Technology has reported that 5% of the nation’s total investment in science is being spent on basic research. By comparison, the U.S. National Science Foundation has reported that 17.5% of the United States’ total investment in science was spent on basic research in 2007.

Coincidentally, the visit between Wen and Alberts took place on the 30th anniversary of the first delegation of AAAS to China, as well as the first anniversary of the opening of Science’s Beijing bureau. At the same time, past AAAS President Peter Raven of the Missouri Botanical Garden was in China to deliver the first-ever AAAS-Chinese Academy of Sciences Distinguished Lectureship on Sustainability. Staff with the EurekAlert! Chinese Web site at AAAS (http://chinese.eurekalert.org) were in Beijing, too, to host what was believed to be the first China-based press briefing related to a Science paper.

AAAS-HitachiLectureSeries

While societies face a daunting challenge trying to reverse the impact of human-induced climate change, the living planet itself offers one means for a rescue plan, according to a prominent ecologist who delivered the inaugural AAAS-Hitachi Lecture on Science and Society. Thomas E. Lovejoy, President of the Washington, D.C.-based H. John Heinz III

Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment, traced the predicament in stark terms, noting that “nature is now on the move in response to climate change” as global warming prompts both plant and animal species to change their historic ranges. But he said there are steps, including restoration of degraded grazing lands and devastated forests, that would allow the planet to absorb more atmospheric carbon dioxide while providing lasting environmental benefit.

Lovejoy’s lecture was the first in a series at AAAS, sponsored by Hitachi, Ltd. AAAS CEO Alan Leshner noted Hitachi’s history of science and technology development as well as its sense of environmental responsibility. He said there is a “wonderful intersection between their interest in business, science, and society,” and AAAS’s similar interests. Kazuo Furukawa, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Hitachi, said he hopes the lectures “will contribute in some small way to public understanding of the excitement of science and technology” and encourage younger people to pursue science-related careers.

AAASWelcomesGlobalPerspectives

Boosting innovation in the United Kingdom will require increasing the nation’s science budget while tapping multiple sources of innovation — from consumers and researchers, to private businesses, according to the Rt. Hon. John Denham, Britain’s Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities, and Skills. Denham, whose AAAS lecture was co-organized with the British Embassy, reported that about a fifth of his country’s science budget will be allocated over the next three years to grand challenges facing the planet: energy, environment, lifelong health, and global security. Denham was one of many international science and technology leaders to share his insights at AAAS Headquarters in 2008. Another high-level visitor, the Hon. Kim Carr, Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science, and Research, described Australia’s ambitious program to revitalize scientific infrastructure. Additional perspectives were provided by Argentina’s Lino Barañao, Minister of Science, Technology, and Productive Innovation; John Beddington, Chief Scientific Advisor to the British Government; Lars Leijonborg, Minister for Higher Education and Research in Sweden; and others. The 2008 AAAS Annual Meeting featured European Commissioner Janez Potocnik and Rwandan President Paul Kagame (see page 16).

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ScienceLiteracy,inAnyLanguage

When asked whether the universe began with a huge explosion, more than 60% of all Americans incorrectly describe this statement as false, the National Science Foundation has reported. Promoting innovation by improving science literacy has become an increasingly urgent goal. The premier AAAS science-literacy effort, Project 2061, helps K-12 teachers guide students in understanding how science ideas relate to each other, and how learning one idea can contribute to understanding others. In kindergarten, for instance, gravity can be introduced by discussing the ideas of “push and pull.” By high school, students must understand that the magnitude of the force between two objects is proportional to their masses and diminishes with distance. Two volumes of the respected Project 2061 publication, the Atlas of Science Literacy, allow teachers to map students’ progress from concept to concept, at each grade level.

Through five workshops in 2008, Project 2061 continued to introduce science educators to new strategies for standards-based learning. Representatives from the Council of State Science Supervisors met at AAAS Headquarters, too. The China Association of Science and Technology meanwhile helped make the Atlas available to Chinese-speaking science educators. Another publication, Science for All Americans — already available in Chinese and Spanish — made its debut in Japanese, courtesy of that country’s Ministry of Education. See www.project2061.org.

ReachingouttoRwanda

Following a trip to Rwanda, high-level AAAS officials pledged to provide science education resources to help the Central African nation pursue an ambitious education and development plan. The AAAS delegation — including Education and Human Resources Director Shirley Malcom, Chief International Officer Vaughan Turekian, and staffers Tom Wang and Sarah Banas — agreed to provide curriculum-development help, such as workshops on the Atlas of Science Literacy and other resources from Project 2061, the association’s science-literacy initiative. “This partnership makes me feel hopeful and optimistic,” Malcom said. “We have an opportunity to support capacity-building in a context where top-level leaders have a commitment to education, and an understanding of the economic and development stakes for their country.”

Rwandan Minister of Education Daphrose Gahakwa welcomed the support. AAAS officials also met with Science Minister Romain Murenzi; Théoneste Mutsindashyaka, the State Minister for Primary and Secondary Education; James Kimonyo, Rwanda’s ambassador to the United States; top university administrators; the Kigali Institute

SCIENCECAREERSANDEDUCATION

Science-literacy resources in

Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish;

how-to workshops in Europe and

the United States; and support for

African educators were a few of the

Association’s many contributions

to science careers and education

in 2008. AAAS works to strengthen

and diversify the science and

technology workforce — from

kindergarten to professional

settings — through its Education

and Human Resources program

as well as the science-literacy

initiative, Project 2061, and the

Science Careers Web site.

9

of Science and Technology; the Kigali Institute of Education; the National University of Rwanda; the National Curriculum Development Center; and staff from the U.S. Embassy in Kigali, including Chargé d’Affaires Cheryl Sim and Economic Counselor Alex Sokoloff. (For more on Rwandan President Paul Kagame’s address at the AAAS Meeting, see page 16.)

ScienceCareersGoesGlobal

Scientists and engineers hoping to land competitive jobs in academia, industry, and government need all the support they can find. Through Science Careers, the association provides comprehensive, freely accessible online resources for job applicants, grant seekers, and recruiting employers. High-quality news reports on the Science Careers site offer insights to job markets worldwide — from Singapore’s ambitious plans for science, to massive reforms within the French scientific system. Science Careers podcasts and videos reveal the first-hand stories of scientists working in rainforest ecology, quantitative analysis, synthetic biology, and other fields. The site also includes MySciNet—the Minority Scientists Network—designed to promote information-sharing among individuals and underrepresented communities of scientists and engineers.

In 2008, Science Careers staff conducted a series of career fairs and professional development workshops in collaboration with organizations such as Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the American Society for Cell Biology. In October, for example, Science Careers teamed up with Rockville Economic Development, Inc. to organize a how-to session on navigating career fairs. Publications from Science Careers, such as a Career Basics booklet, provide additional support for early-career scientists and engineers. Log onto www.sciencecareers.org.

ExcellenceinUndergraduateEducation

Some 500 stakeholders at the 2008 Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement (CCLI) conference, organized by AAAS, evaluated creative approaches for transforming teaching and learning at campuses nationwide. The CCLI program, established in 1999 by the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Undergraduate Education, distributes institutional grants to promote effective teaching practices. “Forming innovative STEM curricula frequently requires faculty members to think outside the box as well as collaborate with colleagues within other disciplines,” explained Yolanda George, Deputy Director of AAAS Education and Human Resources.

HistoricallyBlackCollegesandUniversities

Nearly half of all undergraduate physics degrees and almost 40% of all chemistry degrees awarded to African Americans in 2004 came from historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Every year, Morehouse College alone graduates more African American students with undergraduate science degrees than some countries. Such institutions contribute disproportionately as the baccalaureate-origin institutions in many fields that are crucial to U.S. competitiveness and national security. At the National Science Foundation’s 2008 HBCU Undergraduate Program Research Conference, organized by AAAS, some 800 students and educators took part in poster presentations, workshops, plenary presentations, and more. See http://ehrweb.aaas.org/HBCU.

ThreatstoHigher-EducationDiversity

Recent U.S. court decisions limiting efforts to recruit underrepresented minority students pose a profound challenge for colleges, universities, and science-related industries, educators and business leaders said at a AAAS-co-sponsored forum. Still, speakers said, many effective programs are in place, and others could be developed to meet the legal standard of strict scrutiny while also helping to diversify student bodies. Some 35 invited experts, comprising the academic, nonprofit, and business communities, gathered to discuss diversity within U.S. higher-education institutions, as part of a roundtable organized by AAAS and NACME, the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering. The event was organized, with support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

MediaFellowsMakeTheirMark

Selected from an applicant pool of 130 talented science and engineering students, 14 exceptional AAAS Mass Media Fellows were transformed in 2008 into cub reporters for National Public Radio, the Los Angeles Times, and other news organizations. The Fellows program, marking its 34th anniversary in 2008, dispatches graduate- and post-graduate level students to newsrooms for a 10-week internship. Support is provided by affiliated science societies and foundations such as the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Log onto www.aaas.org/programs/education/MassMedia.

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ScienceandtheU.S.PresidentialElection

Amid hard-fought campaigns for the U.S. Presidency, AAAS science-policy experts painstakingly compiled non-partisan, side-by-side comparisons of the various candidates’ views on science and technology issues. A special Web site, developed in partnership with the Association of American Universities and supported by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation, allowed voters to evaluate each candidate’s S&T plan for addressing energy and environment issues, improving science education, and boosting U.S. competitiveness. AAAS also organized an Annual Meeting session, moderated by New York Times columnist Claudia Dreifus, where candidates’ representatives held forth on the energy crisis, federal research funding, and more. In September, campaign advisors took part in a health-care debate at yet another AAAS event, co-sponsored with the Scientists and Engineers for America. AAAS meanwhile teamed up with the Science Debate 2008 coalition, urging candidates to take part in a national debate on science and technology. “Let’s demand more answers,” AAAS wrote in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, in one of several opinion essays on the U.S. presidency. “At its core, after all, science is an economic matter that cuts across party lines.” See http://election2008.aaas.org.

35yearsofPolicyFellows

The most diverse and largest-ever class of AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellows included a biochemist who has worked to isolate anti-tumor agents, a gifted high-school physics teacher, and a neuroscientist who happens to be the granddaughter of former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Kiki Jenkins, one of 165 fellows named in 2008, joined four other S&T Policy Fellows in organizing a career-building workshop on diversity in science and engineering. The event drew participants from government, academia, nonprofits, and industry, including speaker Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-Texas).

Since the program’s inception in 1973, S&T Policy Fellows have helped to tackle pressing world problems ranging from world hunger and disaster preparedness, to food safety, biological threats, and the energy crisis. A total of 2,146 Fellows have so far completed year-long placements in the halls of Congress and in the offices of 20 executive branch agencies and departments. Alumni of the program, headed by Cynthia Robinson, now include U.S. Rep. Rush Holt (D-New Jersey), who has described the AAAS initiative as “one of the most important programs in the United States of America.” Similarly, Jay M. Cohen, Undersecretary for Science and Technology at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, said the

SCIENCEPOLICyANDSOCIETy

Providing objective, authoritative

information and expertise to

help guide science policy is a key

goal for AAAS. The Association’s

Science and Policy Programs staff

worked in 2008 to raise the quality

and volume of public discourse

about science and technology as

U.S. voters evaluated presidential

candidates. The group also helped

to initiate productive dialogue with

science leaders in other regions of

the world, and leveraged science in

support of human rights.

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Fellows “are extremely important” to his department. “They are our future,” he said at a 35th anniversary event. “It is a great program.”

ScientistsWorkingforHumanRights

Satellite images captured before and after the 7-8 August 2009 clash between Georgia, South Ossetian separatists, and Russia revealed that 424 civilian structures in 24 villages near the city of Tskhinvali were damaged by 19 August, although they appeared intact in images taken on 10 August and earlier, reported Lars Bromley of the AAAS Science and Human Rights Program. “Imagery analysis on South Ossetia revealed discrepancies between official accounts and what actually transpired as the satellites were overhead,” said Bromley. Ariela Blatter of Amnesty International USA, which requested the analysis, noted that the AAAS research “highlights the need for the international community to undertake an independent investigation of abuses during the conflict, with the complete support of all parties involved.” Bromley and colleagues previously had assessed destruction in Zimbabwe, Darfur, Burma, and elsewhere.

Exploring other applications of technology, the AAAS Science and Human Rights Program, directed by Mona Younis, co-hosted a May 2008 International Summit for Community Wireless Networks, along with the New America Foundation, the CUWiN Foundation, and the Acorn Active Media Foundation. The program also launched “On-call Scientists,” connecting scientists and engineers interested in volunteering their skills with human rights organizations in need of expertise. Log onto http://shr.aaas.org.

AForumforOptimism

“We — all of us — must make the case, day in and day out, why all science, research, technology, and innovation must be among the nation’s highest priorities again,” John Edward Porter, former Republican Congressman from Illinois, said during the 2008 AAAS Forum on Science and Technology Policy. Porter’s speech reflected a prevalent view: Attendees and speakers alike reported being frustrated by political inertia related to U.S. policies on innovation, climate change, stem cell research, energy, and more. Yet, with a presidential election looming, participants also expressed high hopes for confronting what speaker James Canton of the Institute for Global Futures described as an “extreme future,” with 95% of the world’s 8 billion people living in developing nations.

Porter, Chair of the Research!America health advocacy group, urged scientists and engineers to make their voices heard in the White House. The 33-year-old Forum, regarded as the premier event of its kind in the United States, provides a timely annual “snapshot” of American science policy. The 2008 Forum attracted more than 500 policy-makers, researchers, reporters, and others. Details are online at www.aaas.org/forum.

PersonalizedMedicine–PromisesandChallenges

Decoding the human genome has raised the possibility that researchers can tailor diagnostic tests and treatments to a person’s individual genetic profile. Such “personalized medicine” has been touted as the next revolution in health care, but progress has been limited, and further advances will require policy changes, expert Mark B. McClellan said during a 20 June AAAS conference, co-organized with the Food and Drug Law Institute. “It is a very challenging environment,” said McClellan, former Commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Director of the Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform at the Brookings Institution. “The potential payoff is tremendous.” The conference, encompassing such thorny issues as patient privacy and reimbursement reform, was the first in a planned series related to personalized medicine. See www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl.

SupportingCompetitivenessWorldwide

When leaders of the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology wanted to improve the region’s research competitiveness, they called on Edward G. Derrick, Director of the respected AAAS Research Competitiveness Program. Established in 1996, the program helps researchers, universities, research institutions, and state government agencies sharpen their competitive edge. Launched with a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research as a way to help states receiving minimal federal support, the program is now an international service. In 2008, Derrick and colleagues provided support for groups in 11 states as well as the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. They also helped to arrange for review of proposals to the Environment Protection Agency’s P3 (people, prosperity, and the planet) program. An event in Vietnam on “Connecting Research and Innovation” (referenced on page 6) further extended the program’s global reach. See www.aaas.org/rcp.

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ScienceandSociety:GlobalChallenges

Up to 30% of malaria deaths in Africa are related to war, local violence, or other societal crises, according to the World Health Organization. Combating the disease therefore will require leveraging technology-based as well as geopolitical strategies, speakers said during a discussion moderated by Joe Palca of National Public Radio. The conversation, including Ripley Ballou of the Gates Foundation and Steven Phillips of ExxonMobil, was part of a “Global Challenges” series, organized by AAAS, the Georgetown University Program on Science in the Public Interest, and the Smithsonian’s Lemelson Center for the Study of Innovation. Ballou, the foundation’s deputy director of infectious disease, said that eliminating malaria will require improving vaccines, vector control, implementation of existing tools (drugs, insecticides, bednets), diagnostics, and advocacy. But, malaria outbreaks are directly tied to economic and social instability, too, speakers added.

Another Global Challenges session focused on the search for abundant, affordable, secure, and environmentally friendly energy sources — a primary concern for all nations. Daniel A. Reifsnyder, a U.S. State Department negotiator on international environmental issues, said that the universal yearning for energy solutions may bode well for finding a solution, although it may take generations. Transportation challenges and the spread of weapons of mass destruction also were discussed during the salon series.

HopefulBondswithIran

During his long career, Norman Neureiter has worked to help ease profound and ominous political tensions between the United States, China, and the Soviet Union. Originally a research chemist who became the first U.S. science attaché in Eastern Europe in the early 1960s, Neureiter helped craft scientific elements of historic agreements with the Soviet Union while working for President Richard Nixon’s Office of Science and Technology. He further advanced science diplomacy goals while working as the science and technology advisor for U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright as well as her successor, Colin Powell. Today, Neureiter is working through two AAAS initiatives — the Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy as well as the Center for Science Diplomacy — to contribute toward building better relations between the United States and Iran. Through visits abroad, and by hosting Iranian scientific delegations, Neureiter pursues a mission of science diplomacy, often in tandem with other U.S. science interests such as the National Academies. Recent trips to Iran have provided him with vivid proof that the two countries’ science communities share a reservoir of common interest and goodwill.

SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGy,ANDSECURITy

Providing non-partisan,

authoritative information on

nuclear nonproliferation, dual-use

technologies, and other global-

security issues, the AAAS Center for

Science, Technology, and Security

Policy released several influential

reports and organized nearly

two-dozen events in 2008. Center

Director Norman Neureiter, winner

of the prestigious Public Welfare

Medal, also traveled to China, Iran,

and other regions in support of

science diplomacy goals. The Center

is supported by the John D. and

Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

Log onto www.aaas.org/cstsp.

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Neureiter also visited China in 2008 to help celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Shanghai Association of Science and Technology. AAAS first sent a delegation to China some 30 years ago. More recently, the association agreed to collaborate with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China Association for Science and Technology.

U.S.LeadershipinNuclearArmsControl

The United States must re-establish its global leadership in nuclear arms control while continuing to update its nuclear arsenal as needed — but it should not add any new nuclear capabilities in the process. This was the conclusion of a joint working group of scientists and policy experts who prepared a study meant to inform decision-making by the administration of U.S. President Barack Obama. A collaborative effort of the AAAS, the American Physical Society, and the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the study offers options that would allow the United States to refurbish its nuclear stockpile without pursuing totally new, untested weapon designs. “Truly pressing nuclear issues that will demand presidential attention are few in number,” according to the report, Nuclear Weapons in 21st Century U.S. National Security. But, critical issues include preventing the spread of nuclear weapons to countries such as North Korea and Iran; securing and reducing global inventories of nuclear materials to prevent them from falling into terrorists’ hands; and reversing Russia’s apparent increasing reliance on nuclear weapons. The study proposes revisiting the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, as part of a new dialogue with Russia; U.S. ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; and closure of a dangerous loophole in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.

Also in 2008, nuclear forensics, scientific strategies for determining the origin of smuggled nuclear materials or the source of an attack, was the focus of a AAAS Annual Meeting session and a report, Nuclear Forensics: Role, State of the Art, and Program Needs.

GuidanceforResponsibleDual-UseResearch

Scientists doing dual-use research — beneficial work that may be misapplied for malicious purposes in the wrong hands — need more tools to help them understand the scientific, ethical, and legal issues surrounding their work, according to a AAAS-sponsored workshop report. The report, drawing on the expertise of life scientists, bioethicists, biosecurity specialists, and others who attended a 21 November workshop at AAAS, recommends more funding for education programs targeted at American and foreign scientists working in the United States on dual-use research. It also urges the use of real-life stimulations, case studies, small group discussions, and mentorship programs to teach scientists about their obligation to prevent legitimate research on viruses and other organisms from being used to engineer bioweapons. The report asks the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity to develop a list of resources and take other steps to offer scientists guidance on how to appropriately deal with dual-use situations.

Policy,Press,andPublicEvents

From a Capitol Hill briefing on the dismantlement of Korea’s nuclear program, to a press luncheon on U.S. space policy, and a public screening of “White Light, Black Rain,” a documentary on the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, AAAS organized at least 23 events in 2008 through its Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy. At one event, for example, Victor Reis, a senior advisor to the U.S. Secretary of Energy, said that a well-designed nuclear energy framework could drive global growth by bringing affordable, reliable energy to the developing world. Such a framework would in turn help to address climate change through clean energy production, thereby promoting international security by security nuclear materials worldwide, he said. Speakers at a public briefing hosted by the Stimson Center explained that modern laws requiring quarantine, isolation, and other “social distancing” responses to disease outbreaks or bioterrorism can vary dramatically from country to country. These and other 2008 events for reporters, policy-makers, and the general public allowed AAAS to speed the delivery of balanced technical analysis to Congress, Executive Branch agencies, and the public.

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ResearchHighlights

1. Science’s Breakthrough of the Year: Cellular Reprogramming: In its annual list of the year’s top 10 scientific break-throughs, Science gave top honors to research that produced “made-to-order” cell lines by reprogramming cells from ill patients. (19 December)

2. Exoplanets – Seeing is Believing: Scientists reported the first-ever im-ages of multiple planets orbiting a star outside our solar system, which they detected with the Keck and Gemini tele-scopes. Using the Hubble Space Tele-scope, a second team directly observed a planet orbiting the star Fomalhaut. (Marois, Kalas, 13 November, Science Express)

3. Catch Shares for Fishermen May Save the Fish: Guaranteeing individual fishermen the right to harvest a given amount of fish during the fishing season could halve the chances of a fishery collapsing, new evidence suggested. (Costello, 19 September)

4. Genomic Insights Into Deadly Cancers: Two studies described the genomic alterations that help turn normal cells into two of the deadliest cancers: pancreatic cancer and glio-blastoma multiforme, which is the most common type of brain cancer. (Parsons, Jones, 4 September, Science Express)

5. A Step Toward Hydrogen Fuel: A new, water-splitting catalyst works under en-vironmentally friendly conditions and is made from cobalt and phosphorus, two relatively inexpensive and abundant ele-ments. (Nocera, 31 July, Science Express)

6. MESSENGER’S First Mercury Flyby: A special series of reports on the MES-SENGER spacecraft’s recent swing past Mercury produced important new insights into Mercury’s history and modern-day environment. (Solomon, 4 July)

SCIENCE BREAKTHROUGHS

Science has wrapped up another

year of publishing research that

illuminates our world and improves

human welfare. Ground-breaking

studies on cancer and stem cell

therapies, for example, contributed

to the swelling effort to link science

from “bench to bedside,” while

discoveries about planets both

inside and outside our solar system

captured the public’s imagination

about worlds beyond Earth. See

www.sciencemag.org.

In 2008, Science highlights included these and other breakthroughs:

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7. Linking Serotonin to Sudden Death: Too much activity from a brain receptor that regulates the hormone serotonin can cause sporadic death in developing mice with features reminiscent of Sud-den Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), new results suggested. (Audero, 4 July)

8. Escaping the Heat: Forest plant spe-cies along six mountain ranges in west Europe sought to escape the heat by climbing an average of 29 meters in al-titude each decade, scientists reported. (Lenoir, 27 June)

9. Flu Viruses Take One-Way Ticket out of Asia: Seasonal influenza strains con-stantly evolve in overlapping epidemics in Asia and sweep the rest of the world each year, dying out in South America, an international research team found. (Russell, 18 April)

10. Harnessing People Power: A new, knee-mounted device harvested energy from the end of a walker’s step, in the same way that hybrid-electric cars recycle power from braking. (Donelan, 8 February)

ScienceNewsHighlights

Two 2008 News articles were selected for the Best of Science Writing antholo-gies in 2009:

—Contributing correspondent Martin Enserink looked at the travails of de-veloping and testing “golden,” vitamin A-enriched rice. (25 April)

—Fallout from atomic bomb testing is helping to solve crimes and address some of the most controversial ques-tions in biology, news writer David Grimm reported. (12 September)

OtherScienceDevelopments

Science Signaling DebutsScience expanded its online journal, Science Signaling, which focuses on new insights for combating disease as well as understanding normal human biology, to include original research and more. Science Signaling’s inaugural print edition debuted in September, under the direction of Chief Scientific Editor Michael B. Yaffe of the Massachu-setts Institute of Technology. See www.sciencesignaling.org.

Science Translational Medicine AnnouncedScience also announced the upcoming launch of a new journal, Science Transla-tional Medicine. Beginning in fall 2009, Science Translational Medicine will pub-lish research that makes significant ad-vances toward improving patient care. Elias Zerhouni, Senior Fellow at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Global Health Program and former Director of the National Institutes of Health, will be Chief Scientific Advisor. See www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org.

Top Honors for Science StaffThe Society of National Association Pub-lications bestowed two of its prestigious EXCEL awards on two Science covers, one for the 21 December 2007 Break-through of the Year issue and the other for the 3 August 2007 special issue on immunology.

Publishing Honor Folio Magazine named preflight opera-tions Director David Tompkins to its list of the top 40 most influential people.

Communications Award Deputy News Editor Leslie Roberts and Contributing Correspondent Martin Enserink won the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008 Communications Award for malaria reporting. (26 October and 7 December 2007)

ScienceCareers

Science Careers, the Web’s most comprehensive site for science career information, released Career Basics, a free, new booklet that compiles the best advice and resources for early-career scientists, from the thousands of articles on the Web site. See www.sciencecareers.org/careerbasicspdf.

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MEDIAANDPUBLICENGAGEMENT

The AAAS Center for Public

Engagement with Science and

Technology in 2008 helped to raise

awareness for endangered species,

climate change, the importance

of teaching evolution, obesity

and its disproportionate impact

on families with fewer resources,

and other issues at the crossroads

of science, society, and personal

values. Through events, resources

for journalists worldwide, and

professional development for

scientists and engineers, two

AAAS units — the Office of Public

Programs, and Education and

Human Resources — worked to

communicate science broadly.

World’sLargestGeneralScienceMeeting

AIDS is the top cause of death in Africa and the seventh largest cause of death worldwide, and places like Eastern Europe, Vietnam, and China are the latest hotspots in the epidemic, said Peter Piot, Executive Director, UNAIDS, and under-secretary general of the United Nations. Successes like the rise in antiretroviral medicines delivered to people in the developing world mean “we are entering a new phase of responsibility because we are seeing results,” he said during a “Global Health Sessions” panel at the 2008 AAAS Annual Meeting. He was joined by Jim Yong Kim, Director of the Francois Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health, and Timothy Wirth, president of the United Nations Foundation and Better World Fund.

The plenary panel exemplified the conference mandate, set forth by AAAS Board Chair David Baltimore (2008-2009), to provide a forum for international perspectives on key science and technology issues. Toward that end, attendees also learned that 96% of Rwanda’s primary-school-age children receive a free education. Moreover, by the year 2012, Rwanda President Paul Kagame said, his government hopes to invest 5% of its gross domestic product on its science and technology capacity, surpassing similar spending by the United States. A special town hall event for middle-school teachers emphasized the global aspects of the childhood obesity epidemic.

AbelsonSeminar:Science,Stress,andHealth

Emerging scientific insights are now suggesting new tools for fighting the negative health effects of stress, according to Robert Sapolsky and other experts at the 2008 Philip Hauge Abelson Advancing Science Seminar. Sapolsky, the John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Professor of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University, explained that short-term stress triggers beneficial physiological responses in animals and people. But when stress continues for extended periods, it can contribute to stress-related disorders, including insulin resistance, increased fat deposition, hypertension, elevated platelet viscosity, and changes in the brain’s learning and memory center. Seminar speakers described research that may someday lead to breakthroughs such as new therapies for alcoholism, neurodegenerative disorders, and anxiety; and strategies for improving the effectiveness of vaccine regimens; and for more effectively helping traumatized children and veterans. The event honors the late Philip Abelson, who served as editor of Science for 22 years, then as AAAS senior advisor. Watch video at www.aaas.org/go/abelson.

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NewToolsforCommunicatingScience

Nearly 400 scientists and engineers have so far participated in how-to workshops on communicating science to the public and to reporters. Launched at the 2008 Annual Meeting, a half-dozen sessions — from North Carolina to Oregon — plus two Webinars have been conducted as part of the “AAAS Communicating Science: Tools for Scientists and Engineers” initiative. The program, supported by AAAS and the U.S. National Science Foundation, also provides basic online resources such as journalist essays and sample responses to hot-topic questions regarding climate change, stem cells, and evolution. Workshops help guide attendees in developing clear, concise messages about science for public audiences. Participants are encouraged to practice their on-camera interview skills, and they receive practical tips from researchers, journalists, and public outreach professionals. Managed by Tiffany Lohwater, public engagement manager for AAAS, the initiative is helping to bridge the communications gap between scientists and the public. See www.aaas.org/communicatingscience.

EurekaTube!MakesItsDebut

Video clips on EurekaTube! — a new feature of EurekAlert!, the premier AAAS science-news Web site for reporters — range from an animation of jet and wind about a micro-quasar, to graceful, slow-motion footage of a bat landing upside down on a ceiling. EurekAlert! now serves approximately 6,700 reporters working in 75 countries, and because 50% of those journalists are working outside the United States: “It’s now a full-fledged, global science communications resource,” Director Patrick McGinness said. EurekAlert! promotes public engagement with science and technology, too, by drawing nearly 1 million unique public visitors per month. Some 1,100 leading research and medical organizations subscribe to post eligible breaking news releases. News can then be freely browsed in advance of embargo-release times, via a password-protected portal, by credentialed reporters. The keyword-searchable EurekAlert! Multimedia Gallery was expanded in 2008 to include short audio and video clips. Log onto www.eurekalert.org/multimedia.

FirstSciencePressBriefinginChina

Catherine Matacic, Associate Editor for EurekAlert! Chinese, the Chinese-language version of the AAAS science-news service for reporters, traveled to Beijing in 2008 to coordinate what

was believed to be the first China-based press conference related to a Science paper. Research by Kongming Wu, Yanhui Lu, and Hongqiang Feng of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences suggested that genetically engineered cotton had reduced cotton-bollworm populations and also seemed to benefit other crops, reporters learned. The Beijing press briefing coincided with a meeting between the Science Editor-in-Chief and the Chinese Premier, plus other major events in China. (See page 7.) Go to http://chinese.eurekalert.org.

FieldNotes–AAASDivisions

The annual AAAS Caribbean Division meeting in 2008 brought graduate and K-12 students “face-to-face with real scientists and exposed them to what researchers and their work looks like,” said Biochemistry Professor Margarita Irizarry-Ramírez of the University of Puerto Rico. “These experiences often get students excited about science and broaden their vision of what a scientist does, perhaps encouraging them to study math and science in college.” Another regional AAAS meeting, convened by the Pacific Division, probed threats to Hawaii’s endangered birds, snails, turtles, fish, and plants. At the Arctic Division meeting in Fairbanks, 170 scientists and engineers evaluated the latest research findings and observations on global climate change. “It is a reality that we have to deal with now,” said speaker Virgil “Buck” Sharpton of the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Alaska, a member of the U.S. Arctic Research Commission. “The Arctic is key to the nation’s economy, policy, and strategic strength. Few in the Lower 48 have an appreciation of this fact.” In Albuquerque, the Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division’s 2008 annual meeting explored how regional scientific collaboration can help address global issues. Online www.aaas.org/go/divisions.

2008 Annual Meeting news from Boston is online at http://news.aaas.org/2008

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Richard A. Meserve AAASPhilipHaugeAbelsonAward

The coveted Philip Hauge Abelson Award honors a public servant for exceptional contributions to advancing science or a scientist or engineer for a distinguished career of scientific achievement and service to the community.

Richard A. Meserve was selected on the basis of his exem-plary career in advancing and promoting the use of science in the service of the public interest and for his exceptional contri-butions to the scientific community, to policy-makers, and to the general public, both in the United States and abroad.

Kenneth R. Miller AAASAwardforPublicUnderstandingofScienceandTechnology

The award recognizes working scientists and engineers who make outstanding contribu-tions to the “popularization of science.”

Kenneth R. Miller was honored for his sustained efforts and excellence in communicating evolutionary science.

Thomas R. Pickering AAASAwardforInternationalScientificCooperation

The award recognizes extraordinary contri-butions to furthering international coopera-tion in science and engineering.

Thomas R. Pickering was chosen for his commitment to advancing the application of science and technology for diplomacy.

Drummond Rennie AAASAwardforScientificFreedomandResponsibility

The award honors scientists and engi-neers whose exemplary actions, some-times taken at significant personal cost, have served to foster scientific freedom and responsibility.

Drummond Rennie was selected for his career-long efforts to promote integrity in scientific research and publishing.

Sylvia T. Bozeman AAASMentorAward

The award honors early- or mid-career AAAS members who have mentored and guided significant numbers of students from underrepresented groups or who have changed the climate of a depart-ment, college, or institution to significantly

increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in the sciences.

Sylvia T. Bozeman was chosen for her commitment to increasing the number of African-American women with Ph.D. degrees in mathematics.

Percy A. Pierre AAASMentorAwardforLifetimeAchievement

The award honors AAAS members who for 25 years or more have mentored and guided significant numbers of students from underrepresented groups or who

have changed the climate of a department, college, or institu-tion to significantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in the sciences.

Percy A. Pierre was honored for his extraordinary dedi-cation to increasing the number of African-American and Hispanic-American Ph.D. degrees in engineering.

AAASAWARDSANDPRIzESThe AAAS awards celebrate the achievements of extraordinary scientists, engineers, and

journalists. We congratulate each of our distinguished winners.

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AAASScienceJournalismAwards

The Science Journalism Awards recognize outstanding reporting for a general audience and honor individual reporters for their coverage of the sciences, engineering, and mathematics. The independently judged competition was sponsored in 2008 by Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.

Large Newspapers -Terry McDermott, Los Angeles Times

Small Newspapers -Kara Platoni, East Bay Express

Magazine - John Carey, BusinessWeek

Television - Joseph McMaster, Gary Johnstone, WGBH/NOVA and Vulcan Productions

Radio - Daniel Grossman, WBUR Boston

Online - Stefan Lovgren, National Geographic News

Children’s Science News - Yoon Shin-Young, Children's Science Donga

AAASNewcombClevelandPrizeSupportedbyAffymetrix,Inc.

The prize acknowledges an outstanding paper published in the Articles, Research Articles, or Reports sections of Science. Anoop Kumar, James W. Godwin, Phillip B. Gates, A. Acely Garza-Garcia, and Jeremy P. Brockes were honored for the research article, “Molecular Basis for the Nerve Dependence of Limb Regeneration in an Adult Vertebrate,” published in Science 2 November 2007, pp. 772-777.

AAAS/SubaruSB&FPrizeforExcellenceinScienceBooks

These prizes, sponsored by Subaru of America Inc., celebrate outstanding science writing and illustration for children and young adults.

Children’s Science Picture BookSteve Jenkins, Author, Robin Page, IllustratorSisters & Brothers: Sibling Relationships in the Animal World(Houghton Mifflin)

Middle Grades Science BookLynne Cherry and Gary Braasch, AuthorsHow We Know What We Know About Our Changing Climate: Scientists and Kids Explore GlobalWarming(Dawn)

Young Adult Science BookSandra Aamodt and Sam Wang, AuthorsWelcome to Your Brain: Why You Lose Your Car Keys But Never Forget How to Drive and Other Puzzles

of Everyday Life(Bloomsbury)

Hands-on Science/Activity BookKim McKay and Jenny Bonnin, AuthorsTrue Green Kids: 100 Things You Can Do to Save the Planet(National Geographic Society)

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1.AAASMeetingNewsroomGoesMultimedia

The AAAS Office of Public Programs launched a new initiative to provide remote access to reporters unable to attend the 2009 Annual Meeting. With support from the Golden Fund, AAAS staff members were able to record all news briefings, and they posted audio to the Virtual Newsroom on the EurekAlert! Web site. Additionally, an outside contractor, in collaboration with AAAS staff, produced advance podcasts featuring six news briefing speakers. During the meeting, the contractor produced five additional short video interviews for posting to the Virtual Newsroom as well as EurekaTube! Reporters on-site at the meeting also were able to improve story accuracy by checking multimedia files.

2.StudentCommunicatorsand SciencePodcasts

Building on next-generation “ Web 2.0” strategies — for which online users create content — one new Golden Fund project will engage students in learning by discovering how to tell stories about science. Specifically, students will report on Science Express papers for the Science Magazine Podcast. The student reports will be created after research papers are first published online and before the papers appear in the print magazine. Students will be learning about science through a newly created course — scheduled to be piloted at George Washington University in fall 2009 — and also about audio reporting through a Web portal adapted from the world of public radio. AAAS Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellows will work with the students to craft audio reports via the Web portal, with top edits and podcast publishing decisions made by the online editors at Science.

3.UsingMultimediatoEnrichOnlineResearchContent

A new Golden Fund project for the Science Web sites explores online video’s potential to enhance the accessibility of the complex techniques that underlie groundbreaking new research. Under the project, Science and Science Signaling editors are selecting certain papers that have a strong lab-methods component. Then, working with the papers’ authors, Science and a third-party partner are creating step-by-step videos depicting the laboratory procedures and methods relevant to the article and the research in question. The resulting videos will be embedded directly into the online version of the articles alongside the written description of the methods. Even the best-written methods or protocols section of a traditional paper can be difficult to follow or reproduce exactly. By showing, as well as telling, how the work was accomplished, Science hopes that these videos will improve the transparency, accessibility, and reproducibility of research findings.

4.SeniorScientistsandEngineersPromoteLearning

The AAAS Senior Scientists and Engineers (SSE) and Education and Human Resources (EHR) programs will re-design and expand the Web site — www.seniorscientist.org — to become a resource for others seeking to set up or enhance a volunteer project. In this way, SSE and AAAS are working to help mobilize retired science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals in the United States to assist K-12 teachers and others. The Web site will be a “toolkit” of resources that builds on the work of EHR, the SSE, and other volunteer programs around the United States. The site will support the creation, sustenance, evaluation, and networking of these partnerships and provide a template for new networks that are created.

2008AAASGOLDENFUNDUPDATE

A generous, historic gift from the late William T. Golden, AAAS’s treasurer emeritus, stimulates

programmatic innovation by funding activities not normally supported by the general budget. AAAS

has continued to celebrate Mr. Golden’s extraordinary legacy, following his death in October 2007,

through initiatives made possible by the William T. Golden Endowment Fund for Program Innovation.

The following summaries offer highlights of the Association’s 2008 Golden Fund activities.

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5.SupportingRwanda’sEducationPlan

In the nearly 15 years since genocide devastated their nation, Rwanda’s leadership has been actively working to build for the future. As he outlined in his invited address at the 2008 AAAS Annual Meeting in Boston, Rwandan President Paul Kagame has committed his country to a development plan that places science and technology as its highest priority, and human resource development as its critical centerpiece. As part of AAAS’s continuing relationship with Rwanda, the International Office, Education and Human Resources program, and Project 2061 were funded to assemble a delegation of experts to assist in training key elements of Rwanda’s science and education leadership. In 2009, six experts will travel to Rwanda to meet with counterparts and provide training in areas including education policy, science communication, curriculum instruction, and assessment development. This delegation will develop critical links to experts in Rwanda to facilitate ongoing collaboration for years to come.

6.TrainingforScientistsatStateandLocalLevels

The AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Congress (CSTC), the Center for Public Engagement with Science and Technology, and the Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion (DoSER) held a one-day workshop in Tulsa, Oklahoma, that brought together representatives from various U.S. state science academies, state citizens for science groups, and state science teacher associations. AAAS staff and invited speakers, including Eugenie Scott of the National Center for Science Education, provided more than 30 scientist and science educator attendees with tools to enhance their communication and political engagement on the state and local level. The workshop used recent and pending local and state science education legislation, including bills that seek to hamper the teaching of evolution, as prominent examples. A video of the workshop will be packaged into a new resource that will be available on AAAS’s Web site and promoted to attendees, as well as others who expressed interest in the content but were unable to attend.

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Agriculture,Food,and

RenewableResources

Carol R. BuellThomas J. BurrS. K. De DattaJames J. ElserLouise P. FortmannJianying (Jay) GanNancy B. GrimmLeon V. KochianSchuyler S. KorbanJ. K. LadhaAlan McHughenKenneth J. MooreM. Susan MoranAndrew H. PatersonPrem S. PaulMichael J. SadowskyGary StaceyJudith S. SternSteven H. Strauss Deon D. StuthmanMichael J. VepraskasPaddy L.W. WiesenfeldRoger WyseShyu-Dong YehJizhong Zhou

Anthropology

Susan C. AntonClaude BouchardDaniel E. BrownMarian DagostoRobert G. Elston,Carol R. EmberCharles F. HildeboltStephen A. KowalewskiSteven R. LeighJeffrey K. McKeeJames J. McKennaJ. Michael PlavcanMatthew J. RavosaAudrey SmedleyDavid G. Smith

Astronomy

Charles AlcockMarcia BartusiakJames S. BullockJack O. BurnsHarriet DinersteinAndrew P. Gould

Chris KochanekKaren KwitterHarry Y. McSween

AtmosphericandHydrosphericSciences

Michael A. CeliaL. Ruby LeungAlan RobockJohn Walsh

BiologicalSciences

Warren G. AbrahamsonDavid S. AdamsJeffrey M. BeckerDarwin BergMark D. BertnessTimothy BlockJames U. BowieJeffrey D. BrawnH. Jane BrockmanGarry R. BuettnerJoanna BurgerMichael CastelliniAvis H. CohenKaren C. ConePeter S. CurtisPrescott L. DeiningerDean DellaPennaJennifer A. DoudnaDale E. EdmondsonRebecca A. EfroymsonDaphne J. FairbairnChristopher B. FieldDenise A. GallowaySusan M. GasserBrandon S. GautSusan A. GerbiDavid M. GilbertMyron F. GoodmanHoward D. GrimesMichael D. GriswoldLouis J. GrossLorraine J. GudasChristine GuthrieTsonwin HaiMichael HampseyJo HandelsmanPaul J. HansonJ. Daniel HareDenham HarmanRandall E. HarrisCaroline S. Harwood

James W. HicksJames M. HillAlan G. HinnebuschWilliam K. HollomanAnita K. HopperYue-ie C. HsingFeng Sheng Hu Peter JacksonKenneth A. JacobsonTheodore S. JardetzkyMarshall W. JohnsonH. Ronald KabackDebra A. KendallBruce S. KleinDaniel J. KlionskyDouglas E. KoshlandSudhir KumarArthur D. LanderJennifer Lippincott- SchwartzR. Michael LiskayJun O. LiuCarol J. LovattTerry MagnusonRussell L. MalmbergJames L. ManleyTherese A. MarkowMark Q. MartindaleBruce McClureBruce McKeeMark A. McPeekMarvin L. MeistrichBarbara J. MeyerThomas G. MitchellMichelle MomanyPeter MombaertsTimothy A. MousseauLaurence D. MuellerJoseph H. NadaeuJeremy NathansEugene A. NothnagelStephen G. OliverBaldomero OliveraLuis F. ParadaNipam H. PatelNorbert PerrimonCraig S. PikaardDaryl R. PringDouglas D. RandallAnjana RaoJeffrey V. RavetchSusan E. RiechertMichael R. RosePaul B. Rothman

Rodney RothsteinJoan RudermanImmo Erich SchefflerJohn C. SchimentiJohn F. SheridanNeil H. ShubinHoward A. ShumanBarry D. ShurRobert H. SilvermanDaniel SimberloffGerald R. SmithDidier Y.R. StainierOswald StewardJeffry StockMichael R. StrandAdam P. SummersVenkatesan SundaresanBetsy M. SutherlandGabor SzaboWaclaw SzybalskiJordan J.N. TangSusan S. TaylorCarl S. ThummelLydia Villa-KomaroffGeoffrey M. WahlGraham C. WalkerJohannes WalterNancy C. WalworthGregory W. WarrMichael R. WatermanPatrick J. WeatherheadAlan M. WeinerGeorge M. WeinstockRichard K. WilsonSamuel H. WilsonJeffrey WiluszEckard A.F. WimmerMarc S. WoldJohn L. WoolfordMichael J. Yarus

Chemistry

Mark M. Banaszak HollBridgette A. BarryUgo BertocciRobert G. BryantCarol J. BurnsMark J. CardilloArup ChakrabortyShirley ChiangJean ChmielewskiMukund S. ChorghadeRobert S. ColemanMichael E. Coltrin

Phillip CrewsMattanjah S. de VriesGautam R. DesirajuMichael DupuisWilliam J. EvansWilliam FenicalGraham R. FlemingMaria Flytzani-StephanopoulosCynthia M. FriendDavid W. GraingerNancy R. GrayZhibin GuanP. Jeffrey HayGeorge W. KabalkaWilliam H. KirchhoffDilip P. KondepudiGeorge A. KrausClark R. LandisCynthia K. LariveTimothy P. LodgeJianpeng MaSurya K. MallapragadaMark MaroncelliSusan MarquseeRachel W. MartinPradip MascharakJoel S. MillerThomas A. MooreCatherine J. MurphyPeter NordlanderEric OldfieldStanley M. ParsonsCharles H.F. PedenB. Montgomery PettittFrank M. RaushelJack SaltielCharles R. SandersH. Bernhard SchlegelAndreas K. SchmidKlaus Schmidt-RohrLynn F. SchneemeyerSusannah L. ScottDavid H. ShermanGary SulikowskiElizabeth C. TheilJames J. ValentiniTom VogtJ. Herbert WaiteMark E. WelkerMichael WidomDavid A. WinkHuan-Xiang Zhou

AAASFellowsAAAS Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for meritorious efforts to advance science or its applications. Fellows have made significant contributions in areas such as research, teaching, technology, services to professional societies, and the communication of science to the public. The following members, presented by Section affiliation, were elected Fellows in fall 2008. AAAS congratulates them and thanks them for their service to science and technology.

23

DentistryandOralHealthSciences

Irma Thesleff

Education

Donald L. CorrellElson S. FloydMichael W. KlymkowskyDavid D. KumarWolff-Michael RothMike U. SmithConrad L. Stanitski

Engineering

Hojjat AdeliD. Grant AllenBraden R. AllenbyRadhakisan S. BahetiIssa BatarsehRichard D. BraatzCynthia J. Bruckner-LeaDouglas C. CameronJie ChenJ. Gary EdenSaid ElghobashiHarold B. FingerCharles W. ForsbergBrendan J. Frey Yury GogotsiYassin A. HassanJ. David IrwinFadi J. KurdahiThomas R. KurfessTerence G. LangdonGary S. MayChia-Hsiang MenqEdward I. MosesNitin P. PadtureMary Jane PhillipsSarah A. RajalaDanny ReibleRebecca Richards-Kortum Sudipta SealKamalesh K. SirkarEswaran SubrahmanianYong WangPeter A. WildererJimmy XuYushan YanChristopher YipXiang Zhang

GeneralInterestinScienceandEngineering

Kenneth R. FultonCharles P. GerbaMichael A. KellerJohn Kelley

Andrea E. MesserDavid PerlmanJoseph J. Romm

GeologyandGeography

Patrick J. BartleinOliver A. ChadwickPatricia GoberEdward LandingJian LinKam-Biu LiuShih-Lung ShawDavid A. SiegelThomas T. Veblen

Dawn J. Wright

HistoryandPhilosophyofScience

Angela CreagerRichard CreathDavid H. DeVorkinAlan Touwaide

IndustrialScienceandTechnology

Orlando AucielloRichard R. BurgessFranco CerrinaCharles A. EckertJohn A. Rogers

Information,Computing,andCommunication

Chandrajit BajajPierre BaldiSteven E. BrennerAlan KayDaniel E. KoditschekDexter KozenDouglas B. LenatK.J. Ray LiuDarrell D.E. LongTom M. MitchellMart MolleThomas P. MoranAristides A.G. Requicha Ravi SandhuPeter Scheuermann Shashi ShekharVenkatramanan S. SubrahmanianLeslie G. Valiant

Linguisticsand

LanguageScience

Sally McConnell-GinetBetty Tuller

Mathematics

Walter CraigRobert J. DavermanRichard DurrettAlexander NagelJacob RubinsteinWilliam Y. Velez

MedicalSciences

Michael BevanBruce R. BlazarErnest C. BordenMichael B. BrennerPaolo CasaliWebster K. CaveneeCecilia Cheng-MayerBruce D. ChesonDavid E. ClaphamSteven S. ClintonShu Man FuBarbara C. FurieMartha L. GrayMartin S. HirschRebecca D. JacksonKuan-Teh JeangEric KodishSteven L. KunkelThomas KupperPaul A. LuciwGeorge K. Michalopoulos Elizabeth G. NabelGary NabelDaniel OryGuy H. PalmerYvonne PatersonAlan R. SaltielJean Elise SchafferBryan K. SlinkerJoseph G. SodroskiSarah SpiegelJohn W. SweetenhamMegan SykesSnorri S. ThorgeirssonLi-Huei TsaiStephen J. WeissSusan R. WeissIrving WeissmanJudith M. WhiteWilliam T.C. Yuh

Neuroscience

Laurence F. AbbottMichael A. ArbibJocelyne BachevalierDavid M. BersonSarah W. BottjerPaul BrehmTed DawsonJohn P. Donoghue

Gerald FischbachCharles G. GlabeMichael E. GoldbergAndrea C. GoreFritz A. HennAllen S. LevineRobert C. MalenkaHerbert NeedlemanDiane K. O’DowdDale PuruesJochen SchachtSangram S. SisodiaMriganka SurJ. David SweattGary L. WenkPhyllis M. WiseJerrel L. Yakel

PharmaceuticalSciences

Robert DiasioRodney J.Y. HoJames P. KehrerLois D. Lehman- McKeemanDaniel C. LieblerCraig C. MalbonEnrico MihichCharles D. Smith

Physics

Zhores I. AlferovAni AprahamianDonald R. BaerJonathan BaggerWilliam A. BardeenPushpa BhatCarlton M. CavesRobert A. EisensteinRodolfo GambiniHoward GordonDavid L. GriscomNicholas J. HadleyMikhail V. KovalchukPrem KumarJames E. LovelockFabio MarchesoniDouglas L. MillsEarl W. PlummerSerban ProtopopescuThomas R. RoserQimiao SiJerry A. SimmonsHenry W. SobelJohn C.H. SpenceMaria SpiropuluDaniel L. SteinJeffrey Y. TsaoStephan von Molnar,Samuel A. Werner

Steven R. WhiteMiguel J. YacamanMichael S. Zisman

Psychology

Martin S. BanksLisa Feldman BarrettSteven J. BrecklerEliot A. BrenowitzNathan FoxJohn D.E. GabrieliBarbara LandauDouglas L. MedinLaura-Ann PetittoLinda P. Spear

Social,Economic,andPoliticalSciences

Kenneth BollenSteven BrintCraig CalhounArthur G. CosbySamuel GubinsJames J. HeckmanPhilip S. KhouryJan E. Stets

SocietalImpactsofScienceandEngineering

Albert CarnesaleRochelle Anne DiamondGerald L. EpsteinKevin FinneranWilliam S. HammackJames E. KatzSusan M. Wolf

Statistics

Mark BeckerBernie DevlinXuming HeGeorge P. McCabeGeorge C. RoussasThomas J. SantnerLeland WilkinsonBin Yu

24

AcknowledgmentofContributorsandPatronMembersThe Board of Directors gratefully acknowledges the individuals and organizations whose

commitment to AAAS has sustained our activities to advance science in the service of society and

supported the launch of new initiatives in 2008.

Philip H. and Neva Abelson*Esther Hoffman Beller*William T. Golden*Caryl & Edna Haskins*

Fred KavliDaniel E. Koshland, Jr.*Alan I. & Agnes LeshnerEdith D. Neimark

The Roger & Ellen Revelle FamilyEdgar J. Saltsman*

David E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner ShawMartin L. & Rose Wachtel*

President’sCircleIndividuals who made significant contributions to sustain our most timely and important activities in 2008 are highlighted here as founding members of the President’s Circle, a new initiative to recognize our top donors each year.

$50,000andaboveRobert & Margaret HazenFred KavliAlan I. & Agnes LeshnerCharles E. Reed*David E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner Shaw

$25,000-$49,999Mary Henle*

$10,000-$24,999Adam J. WeissmanEdith D. Neimark

$5,000-$9,999David Baltimore & Alice HuangPaul & Evelyn Baran Phillip L. BlairChet Britten Steven J. Greenberg Jeffrey L. Kodosky

William & Carol Lyn Savage

$2,500-$4,999Nirupa Chaudhari & Stephen RoperMary L. GoodNancy G. KlingNorman P. NeureiterBeth A. RosnerWarren B. Weisberg

$1,000-$2,499David R. Anderson Anonymous (6) George E. Arnstein

Steven C. Beering Jean B. Burnett Nathaniel Chafee Lucio Chiaraviglio Daryl Chubin Marshall P. Cloyd James F. Crow William H. Danforth Federico Faggin Gregory S. Ferriss Robert C. Forney Donald P. Gaver, Jr. Joseph G. Gavin, Jr. Joseph L. Giegel Sarah B. Glickenhaus Jeffrey C. Gore Benjamin C. Hammett Hans Hasche-Kluender Douglas L. Hintzman Paul Hoff Charles L. Hunze, Jr. John E. Irsak Masayoshi Itoh Irving & Alwyn Johnson Monica Wennerberg Johnston in memory of Gunnar WennerbergJoseph E. Kist Leon M. Lederman Shirley & Horace Malcom Richard J. Massey Richard A. Meserve Gordon E. Moore William A. Murphy, Jr. Cherry A. Murray Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Gilbert S. Omenn & Martha A. Darling

Claire Perry Ginger Pinholster & M. Otto StahleyIngrid P. Wennerberg Quigley in memory of Gunnar WennerbergSimon RamoJo Ellen & Mark A. RosemanDale Schenk Gretchen & Steven Seiler Andrew M. Sessler Allan Spradling Thomas W. Stern Philip Trackman Bailus Walker, Jr. Kim Wennerberg in memory of Gunnar WennerbergLeif G. Wennerberg in memory of Gunnar WennerbergSteffan R. Wennerberg in memory of Gunnar WennerbergCharlotte M. Zitrin Fernando J. Zúñiga y Rivero

$500-$999John P. Abbey Gillian M. Air L. Thomas Aldrich J. Frances Allen Anonymous (4) George W. Anthony Sachio Ashida Mary C. Barber Merton R. Barry Herman Bayerdorffer Nicholas A. Begovich Arden L. Bement, Jr. Rose BetheMargaret B. Binette

Herman Birch Erich Bloch H. Kent Bowen Monica M. & E. James BradfordAndrew L. Brill Joan E. Brooks Eric J. Brown David G. Browning Nancy L. Bucher Tom D. Y. Chin Kathleen Church Mary E. Clutter Max D. Cooper James D. Cox Stephen H. Crandall Edmund A. C. Crouch W. Cummings B. Wesley Catlin CunninghamRoy Curtiss III Lawrence Dahl Kenneth A. De Ghetto Victor H. Denenberg Terence Dulin Alison & Craig Fields Herbert I. Fusfeld H. Greely B. F. Hall Margaret A. Hellmann John E. Hiatt Raymond W. Holton Matthew J. Johnson Jiri Jonas Michael M. Kaback Elaine Kant Walter Kauzmann Robert L. & Judith Ann KelloggPaul H. Klingbiel

LifetimeGivingSocietyThe Lifetime Giving Society recognizes our most generous donors—individuals who have contributed a cumulative total of $100,000 or more during the course of their involvement with AAAS.

*Deceased

25

Kathleen Kraemer Linda L. Lampl Victor W. Laurie David R. Lay Matthew Lekson S. David Leonard William A. Lester Gwilym S. Lodwick Paul Lovoi Daniel S. Lukas Suzanne M. Mahoney J. Howard Marshall III James J. McCarthy Orlando J. Miller Ernest J. Moniz

Duncan T. Moore Peter B. Myers Owen J. Newlin Stephen M. Olin Robert E. Palmer John F. Pelton Kurt Petersen Steven Popok Amy & John Porter Janardan K. Reddy Ellen C. Revelle* Juan G. Roederer Seymour L. Romney Robert Rosenthal F. Sherwood Rowland

Chris Rufer Louise Russert-Kraemer Jurg Saladin Jean’ne M. Shreeve Frank V. Sica R. Peggy Smith Steven L. Solomon Juli Staiano & Marc WashingtonPeter F. Stevens Mark F. Stinski Robert L. Stout Donald A. Swanson William A. Thomas Michael S. Turner John Urquhart

Kang Lung Wang F. Morgan WarzelDonald J. WatersCharles M. WeissThomas E. WellemsRalph WhartonPai-Yei WhungClayton A. WileyMelissa A. WiswellCharles YanofskyWei Young Charles M. & Merryl S. Zegar

$250-$499Heman P. AdamsAnonymous (5)William C. AshbyDaniel E. AtkinsonRoger AtkinsonPeter BarryPaul A. BartlettJean Beard Donald BirdMary Lynne BirdEric BischoffC. John BlankleyAdele BoskeyKenneth A. BurkholderJohn E. BurrisMarvin CarmackEdgar M. ChaseWalter J. ChazinEdward L. ChuppJonathan CoopersmithRoxanne CummingPeter V. CzipottTroy E. DanielsJeffrey S. DeanRobin L. DennisCharles Dickinson IIINorbert DittrichRobert W. DotyLoyal DurandElizabeth E. EhrenfeldHenry L. EhrlichRoger EichhornCharles W. EigenbrotHoward J. EisenEdwin P. Ewing, Jr.Emmanuel FarberMargaret L. FondaWarren T. Ford

Richard M. ForesterMichael C. FosterRichard FrankelEdward R. FrenchWalter GambleJames I. Garrels & Joan E. BrooksR. H. GarstangRobert J. GlaserRobert G. GoeletEdward J. GoetzlKim L. GrahamFernand HayotMarye Priscilla HeleRichard HendricksAndrew HibbsEvelyn V. H. HowettOwen HubbardLeon Hyman Harold E. Jackson, Jr.Jerome J. JacobySamson A. JenekheIrene M. JonesMichael S. KlassenMiles V. KleinMaria KovacsGeorge W. KunkelFrancis N. LebaronArnys C. Lilly, Jr.Peter R. LimburgGang-Yu Liu Gabrielle G. LongBarbara LozarDouglas E. MacLaughlinMichael MaitlandNancy C. MartinWilliam C. McIvorBrockway McMillanMary B. Meikle

John T. MelsonCarl R. MerrilO. Eugene MillhouseFrank MurrayHyung-Song NamJ. Nicholas NewmanAnthony H. Notario IICarolyn L. OrthnerJohn M. PalmsJoseph C. Parker, Jr.William G. Parzybok, Jr.Alan & Missy PetersonEdward PollakHerbert P. PriceOmar QureshiSamuel I. RapaportAristides A. G. RequichaCharles M. Rice IIIMillard Lee RiceEugene RobertsJohn M. RoweP. Jackson SchadJean M. SchmidtGeorge F. SchnackCecily C. SelbyMurray SenkusEmma SheltonNobumichi ShimizuDavid J. SimonsLinda C. SmithBarbara SorkinD. C. SpriestersbachQ. D. Stephen-HassardEdward C. StoneShepard B. StoneF. William StudierRobert E. StutzGerald H. TakeiC. Bradley Tashenberg

Albert H. Teich & Jill H. PaceMaury TignerWilliam TompkinsJohn W. Townsend, Jr.Thomas K. ToyamaThomas E. TwitchellDallas E. WeaverHenry WedaaMilton W. WellerJohn P. WilliamsJudith H. & John S. WillisHelen R. WinterGerald Zon

$100-$249James AagaardErnest C. AdamsIrving Adler Jill P. Adler-MoorePhilip D. AinesGordon AitkenRamesh K. AkkinaCharles E. AlpersNorman J. AlvaresGordon W. AndersonNorman B. AndersonAnonymous (14)Rudi AnsbacherEvan H. AppelmanB. R. AppletonKenneth B. ArmitageWilliam W. ArmstrongBeatrice ArnowichWilliam Aron Samuel AronsonFrank Asaro Balasubramania H. Athreya

Marc S. AtkinsR. Clifton BaileyStanley BailisGeorge C. BaldwinN. Addison BallAnjuli S. BamzaiWilliam A. BarackAdam E. BarnesHarry G. BarnesFranklin H. BarnwellJeremiah A. BarondessTamas BartfaiThomas R. & Johanna K. BaruchKyle D. BayesLawrence S. BazelPeter Beak Edward W. BealsAdele BeharDan W. BenchLeslie Z. BenetDonald R. BennettCarl S. BensonLeo L. BeranekErnest L. BergmanLeo D. Berner, Jr.Lee A. Bertram & Mary Beth AcuffKevin P. BertrandAnatole BesarabCharles E. BidwellJohn G. Bieri Edward A. BirgeAlan R. BishopNirendra BiswasMeredith BlackwellRobert J. BlendonLewis M. BloomingdaleJohn E. Blume

We are grateful to the following donors for their contributions:

*Deceased

26

Philip K. BondyFrancis T. BonnerJohn G. BordieChristina BowersMilton J. BoydMichael BozoianJoseph X. BrennanRobert M. BrennerJohn J. BrinkMichael BriselliArnold R. BrodyMartha H. BrookesDonald J. BrownEleanor R. BrownHarold H. BrownKathleen O. BrownJohn C. BrowneHal E. BroxmeyerJohn S. BruscaEvan Buck William A. BuehringDennis E. BuetowRobert W. BundtzenDiane BurgessDonald L. BurkholderW. Dickinson BurrowsAnna Burton Donald G. ButhGeorge F. Cahill, Jr.Ralph CalderMichael J. CalderwoodRonald E. CapeR. L. CarovillanoMartha S. CarpenterPeter A. CastruccioPaul A. CatacosinosJoseph J. Cech, Jr.Robert Chan Victor T. ChangLloyd F. ChaseChi-Bin ChienPritindra ChowdhuriGeorge A. Clark, Jr.James H. ClelandSteven K. ClintonJohn M. CloughDavid R. CoahranD. Walter CohenJules Cohen Michael P. CohenMorrel H. CohenRichard L. CohenRoger D. ColemanMichael ColvinJack H. & Rita R. ColwellDale K. ColyerJames W. ConineEllsworth B. CookFaun L. CordesJ. D. Corrigan

Jack D. CowanJames K. CowardRobert C. CowenRichard H. CoxBruce H. DanaKenneth G. DavenportLeslie N. DavisMilford DavisIgor Dawid Peter R. De ForestCatherine D. DeAngelisJohn H. DearbornJack N. DeeterWilliam P. DeissPaul M. DensenWilliam E. DibblePaul W. Dickson, Jr.Howard F. Didsbury, Jr.Paula Diehr Bruce L. DietrichCatherIne K. DillinghamMihaela DinuGene Dion Joseph R. DipalmaDavid A. DixonJoe B. Dixon Winifred W. DoaneAndrea DobsonTheodore DonaldsonRodger E. DoxseyJohn A. DracupAbraham I. DranetzPhillip M. DuboisArthur K. DunlopThomas H. & Sylvia A. M. DunningIra Dyer Peter S. EaglesonDouglas P. EastonGus EckhardtFrank K. EdmondsonRobert L. EdwardsDavid W. EhrenfeldFranco EinaudiDavid E. ElderVincent A. ElderWolfgang E. ElstonThomas S. ElyWes ErnsbergerW. Gary ErnstOrville W. ErringerRobert H. EustisJoann L. EvansDavid W. FarisT. D. Farmer Curtis FarmerBenedict FeinbergYoseph Feit Robert H. Fennell, Jr.Allison F. Fentiman

James P. FerrisJohn F. FinertyThomas H. FinlayFrank W. FitchJ. T. Flynn John F. FoleyJohn B. Forrest, Jr.William J. ForrestHelen L. FosterBruce A. FowlerJames F. FredaPaul J. FriedmanJoshua FriemanGerald P. FritzkeKen I. FukuchiGlenn Fuller Joseph H. GainerJoseph G. GallS. Raymond GambinoRajesh R. GandhiWilliam G. GardnerLucille B. GarmonDavid M. GatesMyron Genel Mark L. GilberstadtDavid D. GilbertElmer G. GilbertLeland H. Gile, Jr.Walter L. GillespieJ. Paul GilmanRoger I. GlassEli Glatstein Andrew M. GleasonRobert L. GobleReginald G. GolledgeWard H. GoodenoughWilliam H. Goodson IIIDonn S. GorslineAlbert E. & Mary E. W. GossStephen B. GrayDonald F. GretherEarl M. GrohsHelen K. GrovesJean M. GudasGerhard J. HaasJerrier A. HaddadDuane E. HainesAlbert L. HaleCarl W. Hall Daniel A. HamlinArthur M. HamparianIngeborg HanbauerJudith M. HarbisonJonathan E. HardisFranklin M. HaroldCharles HarrisHarold Hart Beverly HartlineMarion Popenoe HatchAlfred C. Haven, Jr.

S. Richard HeiseyMark HeisingDonald E. HensonGayle M. HerringtonDavis HersheyJames H. HeymMary Lu Murray HickmanNorwood O. HillWilliam E. HimwichDavid C . HoaglinFrank Hole Elton R. HomanJohn T. HortonEstil V. HoverstenLarry HowardJohn P. HuchraRobert N. HullHomer A. HumistonEric Hunter Gayle Olano HurtRichard L. HutchensAntonino IncardonaShinya InoueJenefir D. IsbisterBarbara V. JacakMarianna JacksonJohn Jagger Douglas A. JamesLeon Jaroff Gary Jason Robert B. JenkinsJohn H. JewellGrant E. JohnsonHarold S. & Mary Ella JohnstonLawrence W. JonesRichard JonesElke Jordan Carl Kaysen James M. KendallVida C. KenkKern E. KenyonUrban S. KernRoger KetchamToichiro KinoshitaScott A. KleinerRoger E. KoeppeAnthony L. Komaroff & Lydia Villa-KomaroffHyman KorinEdward J. KormondyTheodore R. KozlowskiBernard L. KravitzBernard E. KregerRodney M. KrichJames W. KuhnFrederick A. KundellAnton Edward La BonteRobert L. LambertNeal F. Lane

Robert E. Lanou, Jr.Carene S. LarmatSeymour LederbergAlbert C. LeeMark Lehner Cecil E. LeithMargaret A. LemoneAnthony W. LeonardChristiana LeonardDuane J. LetourneauHoward LeventhalC. Sandford Levings IIIRichard M. LevittCharles A. LewisDavid A. LibermanPhilip LichtenbergJohng K. LimDavid R. LincicomeDavid R. LinebackChristopher J. LingleLorenzo LisonbeeJohn H. LitchfieldJoseph A. LittleMarvin LitvakJohn E. Litz Iris L. Long Patricia C. LorentzenJames D. LouckThomas A. LouisDerek LowensteinJoyce H. LowinsonJane LubchencoAllan J. LundeenErnest L. Lundelius, Jr.Joan Lunney Arthur Lupia Richard H. LyonHelen D. MaclayAnne MaddalenaClifford K. MadsenLouis J. MaherJohn J. MajnarichWillem V. MalkusH. George MandelRobert B. MandellTag E. MansourPrasanth ManthenaThomas J. MarloweWalter & Shirley MasseyJames F. MathisKaren Y. MatsuokaLinda A. MauckRobert W. Maxwell, Jr.J. Patrick MayoChris L. McAuliffeMollie E. McBrideSimon J. McCarthyLayton L. McCoyJames L. McElhaneyChristopher F. McKee

*Deceased

27

Donald P. McNamaraMarcia K. McNuttThomas A. MehlhornAnton MelnykWilliam M. MillerNathaniel C. MillsBeatrice MintzJoan L. MitchellDon S. MiyadaRobert L. MolinariLloyd J. MoneyAngelyn & Kevin MooreSidney M. Morris, Jr.Bonnie R. MortonJohn MoseleySusanne C. MoserSteven Moss James MossmanPatricia H. MoyerJ. Fraser MuirheadA. A. Mullin Catherine MuneraHenry M. & Norma G. MungerCarlos E. MunozRobert L. MunroeEric P. Muntz Lawrence S. Myers, Jr.Bruno NachtergaeleGerald NadlerVance J. NauJames W. NeelRoger J. NeillPaul Neiman Mary L. NelsonRichard M. NelsonWalter L. NelsonWilliam G. NelsonNancy J. NersessianJeffery L. NewmeyerLarry D. NoodenRonald P. NordgrenChrister E. NordmanRobert F. NorrisWilliam T. NortonPatricia J. NoyesMarie U. NylenRobert A. O’DellDonald O’DowdLynn Ogden Ronald OliverRichard K. OlssonWalter A. OrensteinAllison R. PalmerC. Harvey PalmerRudolph PariserClaire ParkinsonThomas S. ParsonsJames F. PattersonAra G. Paul

John Peoples, Jr.Frank A. PepeLester J. PerlmanLloyd J. PerperPhilip R. PerryPhilip PersonBetty L. PetrieRalph H. PetrucciJulia M. PhillipsJ. K. Pickard Albert E. PiferWellington J. PindarThomas G. PolefkaRichard L. PortineRex F. Pratt Edward PrinceCharles PritchardWilliam M. ProtheroeJoseph PufahlJules B. PuschettPeter Puster Margaret S. RaceYueh-Erh RahmanEdward R. RangHelen M. RanneyM. M. Rao George B. RathmannBuddy D. RatnerDonald G. ReaEdward F. RedishJames R. RedmondRobert P. RedwineJohn S. ReedLester J. ReedKenneth Howard ReinertJakob ReiserJames B. RhodesMary E. Rice Frederick H. RindgeHenry M. RinesMichael RippsJean RobertsJulian L. Roberts, Jr.Pat RobinsonEdna K. RogersJeffrey RogersGlenn L. RoofHugh Rose Kenneth L. RoseBrian J. RosenthalMark R. RosenzweigDavid A. RossMary L. RothschildDonald A. RowleyPatricia RudolphJoyce E. RundhaugDavid T. SalantJames S. SandbergPhilip & Myriam SarachikRosemary Sargent

William J. SaucierHerman T. SchassbergerClaude H. SchmidtDonald L. & Julia SchmidtRuth A. M. SchmidtRoland W. SchmittBenjamin Schwartz & Susan Cullen-SchwartzKent SeinfeldDonald W. SeldinRobert E. ShaferDavid G. ShappirioSunil Shaw Carleton B. ShayEleanor B. SheldonEdwin R. ShepardPaul F. ShepardRobert ShermanBruce A. SherwoodJohn ShigeokaMaurice E. ShilsJ. P. Shoup Victor M. ShowalterM. I. Simon Joseph V. SimoneJack W. Sites, Jr.Jonathan B. SkinnerEugene B. SkolnikoffAlan J. SmithC. Russell SmithCharles G. SmithEdward J. SmithErnest K. SmithW. R. Smith-VanizCharles M. SommerfieldDavid G. StahlJoshua D. StallerIrving C. StatlerDusan StefoskiLee P. StephensonMary Ann SteppReinhard StettlerRobertson StevensRosemary A. StevensT. Christine StevensNancy R. StevensonJames StolzenbachCarl F. StoverRoy F. StrattonJoan C. Suit Mark L. SundquistFrank X. SutmanG. Marie SwansonClaude C. R. SwayzeAndrew G. Szent-GyorgyiDiane E. TachmindjiSusan H. TamSusan Y. TamuraNorman TepleyRaymond L. Teplitz

Elmer P. TepperKenneth R. TeterShelby ThamesJohn W. ThomanArthur R. ThomasJ. William ThomasHerbert W. ThompsonRobert W. ThresherElaine Tobin Alvin V. TollestrupJohn G. ToplissBarbara B. TorreyWayne & Maria TothCharles H. TownesM. C. Trichel Timothy N. TrickPatrick W. TrownA. Forrest TroyerForrest A. TrumboreDeborah TurskiK. T. ValsarajJack R. Van LopikAri van TienhovenWilliam P. VanEseltineCharles VarselAlbert F. WagnerW. James WaldmanCharles P. WalesLeonard F. WalkerR.J. Walker William F. WalshAvery Wang Jui H. Wang Cynthia K. WarnerFrank W. Warner IIIDavid S. WarrenWarren M. WashingtonMarvin WassermanMark E. WeaverAlfons WeberWilliam F. WeedenDavid A. WeisblatElizabeth K. WeisburgerJeffrey WeissJohn H. WeitzLuiz WekslerRobert WesleyMary Christine WetzelJack R. WeylandMaynard B. WheelerIrvin L. WhiteJohn A. WidnessBruce A. WielickiDara H. WilberAnna M. WilliamsGeorge C. WilliamsHugh E. WilloughbyRaymond A. WilsonC. Norman WinningstadJeanette Winter

Lynn E. WirtzCarl P. WisoffPaul A. WitherspoonEvelyn M. WitkinH. Boyd WoodruffGeorge E. WoodyPaul W. Worden, Jr.Armon F. YandersJames R. YouseMilton ZaitlinJan A. D. ZeevaartMarvin ZelenDorothy S. Zinberg

OtherContributorsDavid M. AbbeyWalter H. AbelmannAlfred A. AburtoRobert S. AdelsteinLewis E. AgnewKevin E. AhernLeif A. AhrensE. John AinsworthNancy W. AlcockJoseph Allan Daniel AlpertLowell L. AndersonWyatt W. AndersonCindy K. AngerhoferAnonymous (12)Bradley C. AntanaitisJoseph P. ArdizziFred Arney John L. AshbyJerome P. AshmanJanet J. AsimovAlfred E. AttardDon AugensteinDaniel L. AzarnoffAndrew D. BacherJeffrey T. BalagurasBruce Balick Katherine S. BaoJerry R. BarberChandler H. BarkelewFranklin L. Barnes, Jr.James M. BarnesLewis A. BarnessMonique BarrettWilliam A. BassettKaren F. BatesKaren Beck Nicholas A. BeckW. Dexter BellamyKirstie BellmanMax Ben Roy BenedekPaul A. BenioffGary D. Bent

*Deceased

28

Paul F. Bente, Jr.Matthew J. BerberichLawrence U. BermanStephen A. BernardPeter M. BernaysJames A. BernsRobert L. BernsteinR. Stephen BerryJacob BigeleisenMinke BinnertsShirley T. BissenBenjamin P. BlasingameFrederick A. BlissAmy S. BloomHerbert BlumenthalMildred BobrovichAna Boghici H. Fred BombergerMartha W. BondD. Randolph BookenAjay K. Bose Ralph F. BoulwareJames S. BowmanStephen G. BoyceJohn S. BrabsonMarilyn C. BrackenWilliam T. BradnerGarry D. BrewerAlexander J. BridgesJosephine P. BriggsEverett F. Britz, Jr.Reed BrockbankFelix BronnerMark BronsonThomas W. BrooksCharles S. BrownJ. C. Browne Mark R. BrunnerMichael J. BucknumKawal BuddhuRae L. BurkeKarolyn Burkhart-SchultzDonald A. BurrowsPhilip S. BurtonEdward G. BussHerbert I. ButlerJohn Butler Norman ByrdMichael F. CabbadMargaret J. CallananJames M. CarhartFrederick F. CarlsonJerome B. CarrDavid H. CarverShaun T. CaseWalter Cash Herbert CaskeyEmery N. CastleJoseph CernySuknan S. Chang

Morris J. CherreyRobert M. ChewJames G. ChristensonBarry G. ClarkRobert J. ClaytonGeorge G. CocksNorman CohenShirley Cole-HardingJohn ColemanStirling A. ColgateRichard C. CorlettDavid CoulterSteven CowgillBernd CrasemannGwyneth CravensWilliam H. CrockerLois S. CronholmAlfred J. CrowleLaurence W. CurtisLawrence A. CurtisG. Conrad DalmanC. R. DawsonIra W. Deep Ganie B. DehartPaul F. DeislerSeymour J. DeitchmanModesto Del CastilloHoward B. DembEbo D. DemuinckPeter L. DerksRuthmary K. DeuelMaurice DeulJohn L. DeutschEric Dietrich Harriet L. DinersteinMary DohnalekAaron DosseyWarren DowlerH. Neal DunningTerry Dye Manfred EberhardtFrances B. EdensHarry S. EdwardsVictor H. EdwardsJohn F. EganDenis A. ElliottNeil W. ElliottGuy T. EmeryBernard T. EngelJessie A. EngleJames H. ErakerJohn L. ErlingHarry Evans Reginald J. ExtonPhyllis H. FaberDaniel FalkoffCharles S. Faulkner IISteven FedermanWilliam FeldmanJohn Fieser

Linda A. FinchH. John FisherJames E. FitzgeraldThomas J. FitzgeraldJoel G. FlaksEric W. FonkalsrudSarah Q. FosterAlan Frank Martin S. FrantEleanor FraserKenneth FrauwirthGail Frazar-MeleStephen E. FrazierSamuel FredmanArnold G. FredricksonPerry A. Frey Daniel A. FridericiRichard FriedmanJohn W. FuquayMitchell H. GailMarc T. GaleazzaGeorgine M. GarbischLidia A. GardnerMargaret A. GarnjostJohn GatchellRichard D. GecklerDonald GeesamanThomas P. GeraldP. Roger GilletteAlexander J. GlassEzra Glaser Edward W. GlazenerAlbert S. GlickmanRobert P. GoddardRobert P. GodwinAnish Goel Leslie I. GoldJoshua N. GoldbergAlan GoldfienJack GoldsteinJerry P. GollubJeremy GoodmanRichard E. GoodmanJohn T. GoslingHarold GraboskePaul J. GreenNathaniel GrierGene P. GrilloSamuel O. GrimRichard GrindelandMichael P. GrissomWilliam A. GrossDavid D. GroveDavid L. GrovesZdenka GuadarramaNorma GuilloryBenjamin F. GundelfingerHyman GuthwinHelmut R. GutmannC. David Gutsche

Reginald GwinHelen M. HabermannGeorge F. HaenleinRobert L. HamiltonCharles HammerJames E. HammerbergArthur G. HansenDean C. HansenDonald G. HanwayLouis C. HaughneyHershel J. HausmanBruce HawkinsJack W. Heberling, Jr.Albert HeisererFred B. Henderson IIIEarl W. HenryDavid Herrin J. HildebrandtDavid Hill Winfred F. HillJames H. HillmanBarbara A. HiltonDonald E. HoardMartha L. HochbergHans Henrich HockR. L. HoffmanAriel H. HollinsheadCharles W. Hoover, Jr.Frank C. HoppensteadtRobert HorstmeierJames Hu E. Kenneth HuletSusanne M. HumphreyFrank P. HungateKarl L. HuttererMary R. IdsoDavid E. Illig M. Ingram Henry R. IronsCharles E. JacksonRobert W. JacksonK. Bruce JacobsonAndre T. JagendorfMargaret JamesWilliam A. JensenJonathan A. JeromeRandall M. JeterKuihuan JianGeorge John Jonathan JohnnidisAllen H. JohnsonJames F. JohnsonEve Jones Henry H. JonesHoward L. JonesPatricia M. JonesErica C. JonlinH. R. KabackNorval M. KaneMel L. Kantor

Isaac R. KaplanLawrence KaplanJeffrey W. KarpenGary L. & Ilene KatzJ. V. Richard KaufmanJohn F. KearneyHans KeithleySusanna R. KellerCarolyn G. KelleyHoward H. KendlerEdouard KengniCharles F. KennelWilliam C. KenneyMark A. KentBreene M. KerrKatrina KershnerClyde W. KimballRosalie KleinbergMark M. KnuepferAlbert C. KoveleskyJoseph C. KoziarRalph T. KuboCasimir A. KulikowskiBernard M. KulwickiDonna KurodaPaul A. LachanceK. S. LacknerChiara M. Bini LangleyMichel L. LapidusCarol L. LassenAllan H. LauferWalter R. LawsonJudith LayzerJ. Benjamin LeakeJoseph R. LealLela Lee & Norman WiknerHelen Lees Ilse Lehiste Peter F. LemkinMurray LernerDavid E. LeventhalDavid S. LevinArthur LibermanNorman N. LichtinWilliam Z. Lidicker, Jr.Herman S. LiljaLewis P. LipsittLars LjungdahlRalph LocascioFelix J. LockmanGeorge LoebPaul M. LoewensteinMichael LombardiSamuel S. Lord, Jr.Steven LucksteadDavid A. LupferG. Paul LynchRichard LynnRobert C. MacDonaldMerritt Maduke

*Deceased

29

Mildred M. MaguireJ. David MaloneThomas F. MaloneLewis T. MannMarilyn S. MannMaria Julia MarinissenHans M. MarkMark MarkhamSamuel P. Maroney, Jr.Paul R. MarquesHelene MarquisRachel Marr William L. MarshMaia MartchevaDiane H. MartinSusan M. MaskelJames F. MaskenMartin MassengaleElizabeth L. MatherRobert MazelskyDavid J. McAdooShirley A. McCormackWallace McCurdyHarry E. McDonald IIIJames M. McDonaldEugene C. McDowellVictor K. McElhenyWilbert J. McKeachiePaul T. MediciWilliam MeezanEdward MeilmanC. Nelson MelampyKenneth E. MellendorfEdward K. MercerDouglas H. MerkleJames Merz Jeffrey MessingSara Michie Jon J. MichnoviczJudith B. MillerNatalia MilshinaDon Mitchell John J. MitchellIchiro MiyagawaArthur C. MoellerGeorge C. MohrJanos MolnarJean MontaguF. Paul MooringDavid W. MorelandHoward L. MorganM. Granger MorganRosalind MorrisHerbert C. Morse IIIStephen D. MortonGeoffrey H. MoyerBerndt MuellerPeter K. MuellerStephen E. MyersGeorge H. Nancollas

Howard NekimkenRichard S. NelsonKen Nephew Paul Nielsen Robert A. NilanJames P. O’CallaghanPatrick J. O’ConnorJeffrey F. OdaJohn R. O’FallonJohn F. O’LearyPatricia T. OlsonFred Ordway Henry H. OsbornDonald OttensteinRobert H. PageVictor R. PalmeriA. Michael ParfittGuy P. Patra Stephen PauleyStanton J. PealeTimothy A. PedleyCharles R. PeeblesJohn W. PennistenPaul A. PenzoDavid J. PettittWilliam T. PetuskeyRanard J. PickeringLouis J. PierroNatasha D. PinolRonald E. PittsMarvin S. PlattWilliam H. PlotkinRoshini M. PonnamperumaRichard E. PoppeleLiese Potts Ellen M. PragerNorman E. PratherGlenn D. PrattCarmelo A. PriviteraCharles H. PruettGary J. QuigleyDerek RaghavanWilfrid Rall David H. RandleAlan I. RapoportL. W. RaymondThomas D. ReedElizabeth Adkins ReganBernhard ReimannWilliam J. ReissMinocher C. ReporterMacy ReynoldsR. J. ReynoldsMiles RichardsonDavid M. RichmanDavid W. RileyJack N. RinkerAndrew RobertsJohn P. RobertsKirk N. Robinson

Megan Rook Mike C. RoseMarvin J. RosenbergMelvin Ross Larry Rowan William B. RowanStephen M. RowlandJane RudolphNathan RudolphKlaus RuedenbergRoger A. RuthGeorge H. Sack, Jr.Jerome L. SackmanMark Saltis Allan R. SanfordDennis S. SantellaEric Saund Clifford L. SayreChristopher ScarpinoFred L. SchafferMargo M. SchlemanMitchell SchlossmanPaul L. SchmidbauerMichael C. SchneckAnn I. SchneiderBarbara L. SchneiderAlan SchneyerLawrence B. SchonbergerJulian I. SchroederHerbert SchuelRichard & Margaret SchwartzJ. A. SchwenklerDonald C. SeeleyFrederic T. SelleckCarol Selvey Walter E. SeppRobert E. ServisRichard B. SetlowDavid H. ShaftmanJohn ShainoffWilliam W. ShaneHarold T. ShapiroGordon M. ShepherdNatalie SheppJhih-Shyang ShihThomas B. Shope, Jr.James Short Marshall ShumskyEric R. SiegelDaniel P. SiewiorekEugene A. SilvaBenjamin K. SilvermanCharles A. SimenstadJag J. Singh James W. SkehanWillis H. SkrdlaRalph A. SlepeckyJames L. SmithJohn T. Smith

Patrick SmithSiavash H. SohrabHilda W. SokolRonald E. SomerbyDavison E. SoperWilliam T. SpockDavid B. SprinsonJames P. StansburyAbram StavitskyKelly P. SteeleDonald F. SteinerRolf SternbergJohn P. StewartJulie Stewart Quentin J. StoberEdward C. StoeverWalter C. StolovDavid A. StonestromAlan J. StraussMary B. StraussRichard R. StreiffJohn StroehleinHenry StrokeDeon D. StuthmanYuichiro SuzukiMuriel H. SvecKeith R. SymonMorgan C. SzeRowland W. TaborMarilyn TaggartYoshihiko TakedaMarc Z. TalismanJames H. TaylorPatricia E. TaylorRonald R. TellierConstantine H. TempelisJohn W. TerborghMitchell ThomasR. K. ThomasGeorge D. ThomeRobert L. ThompsonVan ThompsonWilliam L. TietjenNorbert W. TietzDavid W. TillayJames W. TitusChristopher TobiasMark A. TracyHarry M. TrickeyDavid C. TrimbleRussell F. TrimbleAlvin W. TrivelpieceKenneth L. TwillaKirsten VadheimJane L. ValentineVe Valli Andrew J. Van HornEsther van der KnaapKaren VanDusenJeff Victoroff

Jaclyn M. VidgoffGerald W. VogelSteven VogelLester WahnerHarold WalbaHenry & Doris WalterGeoffrey K. WaltersDavid L. WarburtonEmmerson WardRobert T. WardRobert H. WarrenRolland M. WatersGordon L. WattsDiana K. WeatherbyJames R. WeeksArmand B. WeissConrad G. WellingPeggy A. WenkThomas J. WheelerOwen WhitbyGary R. WhiteJohn A. WhiteR. Stephen WhiteRobert M. WhiteGlenn WhitesideMaurice M. WhittenHarold A. WilkinsonNorman P. WillettClinton C. WilliamsSusan Lynn WilliamsGeorge B. WilmotLeonard J. WinchesterBertram WolfeLeila Ann WolfeBernard WolnakJ. Walter WoodburyJ. Woodruff Joseph H. WoodsideRobert E. YagerJames E. YoungJerrold H. ZarPeter Zarras Xubin Zeng Nickolay ZhadinWilliam Zimmermann, Jr.Melvin L. Zwillenberg

PatronMembersAshley AbergEdward AboufadelCarly AdlerR. Paul AftringRichard AgeeTarek AguizyAmanda AhernAkhila AiyerJames W. AltmanAlbert F. AndersonDavid AndersonJames Jay Anderson

*Deceased

30

Michael F. AngelCarmen ArbonaE. James ArkingJohn A. ArmstrongJoshua ArnoldVadim AsadovJean AuelJonathan AxelradDavid M. AyresDanieL L. AzarnoffSamuel F. BaldwinTerry BalthazorPaul BaranJerry R. BarberMary C. BarberLaura BarelaPeter BarryRichard BarryPeter BattagliaJohn BaxtRichard BaylesJohn BearleyGary K. BeauchampT. BeckKaren Ann BeckerHenry F. BeechholdMyron A. BeiglerRyan BellKathleen S. BergerMichael BernsR. Stephen BerryRobert Cregar BerwickThomas H. BethardsLaura BienJ. Michael BishopRoger N. BlaisJerome L. BleiweisErich BlochCarla BlumbergEdward BlumenthalTerrence D. BogardJoachim E. BolckFred BombergerElizabeth BoonE. M. BoughtonPeter BoyerJohn BrademasEdward C. BradyMichael F. BrewerJoe L. BridgerCharles BridgesPeter Briger, JrDavid BrooksJoan E. BrooksSeth A. BrooksEric J. BrownHalina S. BrownStephen BrownGregory J. BrunnDavid R. Buckler

Robert BucoEric BurgerElizabeth BuseJean L. CadetHenry CampbellMark CampbellClifford R. CannonDaniel B. CaplanMarilyn CaporizzoCharles CarberryBarbara E. CarlsonPaul A. CarlsonRegina CarnsJames F. CaseG. H. CassellJames J. CavanaughCarlton CavesDaniel CayanPhilip CernigliaNathaniel ChafeeGreg ChampineEdgar M. ChaseHerbert S. ChaseStephen ChazenPhilip ChenetteElizabeth ChoLuther ChristmanRobert W. ChristophersonChung K. ChuAustin ChurchJames CirritoAaron ClarkCharles ClarkJames H. ClelandBarbara ClemmensenMartin CohenChristine M. ColdironJames ColeLawrence ColemanJack H. ColwellRichard H. ComerPaul R. CooleyRobert H. CordellaDavid CoulsonJohn Richard CrooksEdmund CrouchChar B. CrowKenneth CrumleyAdolfo CuadraKenneth W. CullingsJames H. CurryJoseph CzikaPeter V. CzipottChad CzysconDan DairaghiDean DakoliasIrving I. DardikTodd H. DaviesRuth M. DavisPaul K. Day-Lucore

Kenneth A. De GhettoPaul S. De CarliCraig DeesEmily DelmontJ. E. DevalpineDaniel DevineMichael DevlinRobert F. DickhoffCharles DickinsonHoward DidsburyRichard D. DietzJoe DietzgenD. J. DisraeliNorbert DittrichAshley DombkowskiWayland DongGrace M. DonnellyDavid C. DonohoAlbert T. DosserRodger DoxseyJeff DozierPhillIp M. DuboisEllen DuprePete EckelJohn S. EdgcombMark EdwardsVernon J. EhlersEstia J. EichtenJohn EidJames B. EllisHassina ElnagrCarl EngelbergerJoseph S. EngenitoEldon D. EngerShawn EricksonCharles W. EriksenJ. ErwinH. Douglas FachnieFederico FagginAlexander FalkSteve FarberWilliam R. FarmerTheodore F. FathauerRobert FayBobby R. FeilAntonio M. FerrieraIsaiah J. FidlerAlison Fennessy FieldsDavid FischerPaul FischerEdward FishmanPeter S. FiskeFrank FitchMarek T. FludzinskiS. P. FodorScott ForbesRobert C. ForneyArthur P. FraasMichael FrameHans Frauenfelder

John FriedeJohn A. FriedlineRichard FriedmanWilliam FriendBethany FroehlichGilda Diaz FuentesJohn C. FuhrCharles FullerEric FungJohn C. FyfeTaylor GabbardJoseph R. GabrielliR. F. GaekeWalter GambleCinda GardnerR. H. GarstangJoseph G. GavinJ. GermrothElodie GhedinBruce GiantonioDorothy W. GietzenEric GlassSarah B. GlickenhausJohn GluckHoward GobsteinPaul GoldAlfred L. GoldbergMichael GoldbergMarvIn L. GoldbergerRalph GoldenMary L. GoodEdward GoodwinWilliam E. GordonDavid GorelickJames GowerRonald GraefWilliam C. GrausteinNicholas GravesJohn GraySheila Hafter GrayVictoria GrayRichard F. GreenLaura H. GreeneIrene GreifCarl GriffithMikus Janis GrinbergJoyce GrossmanRichard GrossmanHelen K. GrovesWilhelm GruissemMax GrunsteinThomas P. GuerinRoseann GuidoE. GuignonIan HagermanRobert J. HaggertyIan HagueNancy L. HaigwoodKelly HallAndrey Hankevych

Fred HansenFred P. HarchelroadAlexander HarcourtJohn G. HarkinsRichard HarmsJames D. HarrisScott M. HarveyJ. Scott HaugerCharles E. HawkinsMichael HaywardRobert HealingMark HeisingGeorge HelmerC.T. HelmersVal G. HemmingRudy HenningerThomas HensonMichael HerrickLinda A. HersheyHoward HertzJohn R. HessRobert HessR. M. HirschRalph F. HirschmannYiu Kee HoElvin L. HoelWendy HoffmannBrian HoflandJohn L. HofstraWilliam HoganRay HoodJohn B. HooperMartin Per HorvathCharles L. HoslerJames HouseFrank HowardJaymes HubbellJohn P. HuchraAlbert R. Hughes VGregory HullenderCharles HunzeArthur HydeDavid W. IgnatAkira InoueKeki B. IraniJohn E. IrsakMasayoshi ItohCharles IvesRobert L. JacksonThomas Campbell JacksonKaren JaffeRussell M. JaffeKaren S. JakesWilliam H. JanewayJan JanninkGary JasonMehrdad JazayeriSteven B. JobstJulius JohnsonMatthew Johnson

*Deceased

31

Richard A. JohnsonSteven JohnsonKenneth M. JonesAgnes Jones TrowerEdward JungLaura JuszczakLotti KalzJames KatzCarl KaysenMichael KelleyEamon KellyDonald KennedyJack KernsPeter S. KesslerAlison KibbeyKathryn KilgussJohn G. KingJoseph A. KingLewis KinterMary KirchhoffRandal KirkRobert KirshnerMiles V. KleinNancy G. KlingHanns Hasche KluenderCleon KnappStephen KnightRita KoegelThomas F. KoetzleCandace KohlLeland S. KollmorgenSteven Elliot KooninEd KoretzkyFae L. KorsmoMaria KovacsEdward KrapelsEdward A. KravitzChuck KrenzinAnton O. KrisKarl KruegerRobert E. KruegerE. F. LabudaGordon LambJoseph Gordon LambertAndrew Lane BrillGerald LaubachChristophe LaudamielJeff LawrenceJohn LawrenceGerald LeBoffJacob LebowitzDeborah LeeCharles LenzmeierAlan I. LeshnerRichard A. LethinHoward LeventhalAlan E. LevitonJerrold LevyLarry LewisMichael Lewis

Jason LiberskyPaul B. LimJohn P. LindermanThomas LindgrenNorman LocksleyRichard M. LocksleyMark J. LogsdonDan L. LongoMartha C. LordNorman W. LordChristopher LossFred V. LucasJan LukensRichard LumJohn LuongoJulie Haynes LutzHerman O. LyleCarol Becker LynchJune MabryMark P. MackJohn J. MaherJohn J. MajnarichCraig C. MalbonStephen MalinJ. David MaloneTom MammoneEdward Frederick MannScott E. MannT. E. ManningScott L. ManskeMark MarkhamSteven MarkmanRobert C. MarlayDavid MarloweT. J. MarloweJohn MascitelliJohn MasonPoppi MasseyRichard MasseyMichael Alan MastersEdward S. MatalkaKathleen Shive MatthewsDonald R. MattisonJohn MaunsellF. MaurrasseMichael M. MayLaura M. McMurryR. F. McAllisterJuliana McAshanThomas A. McCabePatrIcia McCaffreyJames J. McCarthyMatthew McCauleyRoger McClellanMichael McCormickPatrick McCoyHeather McGaheeWilliam McIvorFrancis P. McManamonChristine McMaster-Sander

James J. McSharryClive MeanwellGregory P. MeisnerSteven Melander-DaytonRonald MelenRichard MelmonRobert MercerGlenn L. MetzgerPhilip MeyerYves MiauxMichael MilbergGavin MilczarekHarry J. MillerOrlando J. MillerSuzanne E. MillerWilliam F. MillerWilliam L. MillerDouglas MillsAmelia Ballew MimsCathy MinehanWilliam MoatesMamatha ModemBetsy Moeller-SallyRobert L. MolinariE. J. MonizDavid MooreDaniel MoorheadF. Paul MooringHoward L. MorganCorey MorrisJames MossmanCherry A. MurrayKevin MurrayMichael MustilloS. E. MyersMartin S. NachbarNasif NahleJoel NanceA. NarathCharles E. NeedhamMaureen NeitzPriscilla NelsonTim NennoRichard S. NicholsonMichelle NicolleRichard K. NilesThor NilsenMark NocklebyJacques NorEdward OatesDon R. O’BrienJohn O'ConnorPeter O'Donnell, Jr.Ryan O’DonnellLee OethPaxson H. OffieldP. O'KeefeYnez Viole O'NeillRebecca OorthuysWilliam Osborn

Ralph P. OverendAlbert OwensHerbert E. PaarenSudhakar PamidighantamWilliam PaoStelios PapadopoulosRobert PappasJohn ParkerWilliam ParkerWilliam G. ParzybokSteve PascoverA. PatrinosCharles PattonWilliam PaxtonRonald PedalinoChin Tzu PengDavid PennimanKerry PerezChristine PetersenAnita PettyJeffrey W. PferdLaura A. PhilipsKerry PhillipsRandy PierceDennis R. PilarczykRichard J. PlanoEllen PotterBarbara J. PottsGeorge M. PowellMatt PowersRao PrabhalaHoward PrestonGerald PriceJoseph PufahlDerek L. PurseyJim PutnamKedar D. PyattWilliam RaduchelStephen C. RagatzHabib RahmanJames RantschlerBarry J. RatzkinJohn RawsonRobert ReddickDaniel A. ReedDavid P. ReedDavid ReedJack W. ReedJohn S. ReedD. P. ReedyJames C. RegisterGeorge ReidRobert ReynoldsEdward K. RiceRobert C. RichardsonManuel RiveraRobert R. RobbinA. R. RobinsonKirk RobinsonJose R. Romero

Alexandra RooseveltAllen RootK. D. RossowJ. E. RoweThomas C. RoyerEduardo H. RubinsteinChris RuferL. M. RussakoffMichael RussellFrancis G. RustLaurence F. SandersT. D. SangerWilliam J. SaucierJerry SaxonRainer SchaafRichard SchauerJames M. SchefflerSandra SchefrisTed SchiererMark SchneiderRobert F. SchneiderRichard M. SchoenJohn SchultzKenneth R. SchultzJulie SeamanRonald C. SearlsJohn D. SeegerBart SelmanChristopher SeoCharles E. SethAbdulalim ShabazzRobert E. ShaferSaleem Basha ShaikDouglas R. ShanklinRajeev SharmaDavid H. SharpKambiz ShekdarJohn ShigeokaMichael S. ShumateRobert Paul SiemannWillys SilversBruce SimonsonColin SimsJeffrey SledgeL. J. SlossSally SlowmanBernard SmithEllen SmithGeoffrey SmithLewis G. SmithLinda C. SmithScott SmithScott J. SmithSteven W. SmithJ. W. SmollerDale R. SniderJonathan SohnisJohn SoltersJudson SomervilleH. Sox

*Deceased

32

Michael SpaffordMary C. St. JohnDavid StaalBarbara H. StantonJonathan StarrRichard L. SteinerDeborah L. StenkampJulius J. SternJohn H. StewartShepard B. StoneRobert L. StoutArnold F. StrotherS. D. StroupeJerome J. SuranBernard T SvihelG. SwansonRobert SwansonSpencer SwiftRoy C. SwingleChandrashekar TamirisaJoy TartarJean E. TaylorSusan TaymansMichael L. TelsonRobin Tennant ColburnGregory TetraultGlenn E. ThomasWilliam A. ThomasEric J. ThorgersonJeremy W. ThornerDavid C. TiemeierJames A. TilleyJames G. TimourianL. TobacmanThomas J. ToffoliA. V. TollestrupJohn TompkinsDavid ToorchenJill O'Donnell-TormeyBrian TottyRobert W. TouchberryFrank TrainerClifford P. TsuboiBrenda TuckerKenan TurnaciogluStephen R. TurnerDaniel TutasAdrian TymesWilliam UptonKirsten VadheimPablo ValenzuelaWim Van SchootenJoseph VanderhorstG. Edward VatesLydia Villa-KomaroffCharles WaldrenKelly WalkerMatthew WalkerRobert WalshJ. G. WardWarren M. Washington

David K. WatkinsJeff WatsonDallas E. WeaverJohn David WeinlandWarren B. WeisbergThomas E. WellemsDavid WentrobleRalph WhartonMark WhiteGarnett WhitehurstJay M. WiedemannEdward WieseBruce WigginsDara WilberJames D. WillettBilly Myles WilliamsClinton WilliamsD. J. WilliamsDouglas WilliamsMarlan WillisMelissa S. WillisChristopher B. WilsonDarryl WilsonIsaac J. WinogradDavid WoodleyMary WoolleyBruce W. WorsterS. Courtenay WrightMatthew YaegerJim YahnkeYung Tsai YenDavid E. YoungOliver YunJerrold H. ZarMaja ZecevicCharles ZegarRobert ZiffAngelo ZisimopoulosJames J. ZuichesArnold Zwicky

CorporationsandFoundations3M CompanyAcumen ScientificThe Adam J. Weissman FoundationAffymetrix, Inc.

Alfred P. Sloan FoundationAstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP

The Baldwin Family TrustThe Baltimore Family FundBernard Lewis Charitable FoundationBigeleisen Living Trust

Boehringer Ingelheim GmbHBracken Associates, L.L.C.Brookes Family TrustBurroughs Wellcome Fund

Canon U.S.A., Inc.Carnegie Institution for ScienceCelera CorporationCharles Valentine Riley Memorial FoundationThe Commonwealth FundThe Community Foundation of Louisville Depository, Inc.CVS CaremarkThe Dana FoundationThe David and Lucile Packard FoundationEducationCounsel, LLCElsevierEMJAYCO LPEndowment for the NeurosciencesEppendorf AGEvidentia Engineering, Inc.Ewing Marion Kauffman FoundationFannie Mae FoundationForney Family FoundationFulbright & Jaworski, L.L.P.GE HealthcareGlaxoSmithKlineThe Glickenhaus FoundationGlobal Access TelecomGolden Family FoundationGreenwall FoundationGroundwater Services, Inc.Hamill Family FoundationHearthstone FoundationThe Heinz EndowmentsHewlett-Packard Company FoundationHoffmann-La Roche Inc.IBMIntel FoundationThe Irving S. & Alwyn N. Johnson Family FoundationThe John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur FoundationJohn D. Evans FoundationJohnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLCThe Kavli FoundationKilpatrick Stockton LLPThe Kodosky FoundationKokopelli’s Back, P.C.L’Oréal USALampl-Herbert Consultants, Inc.Leo L. Beranek Foundation

Lockheed Martin CorporationLongbow, L.L.CMargaret and Ross Macdonald Charitable Fund of Triangle Community FoundationThe Marc Haas FoundationMerck & Co., Inc.Mertz Gilmore FoundationMissouri Technology CorporationMicrosoft Giving CampaignMoore Family FoundationThe Morning Star CompanyNassau Chemical CorporationNeutrogena CorporationNuclear Threat InitiativeOak FoundationOccidental of Elk Hills Non UnitOpen Society InstituteOregon Public BroadcastingPfizer Foundation Matching Gifts ProgramPfizer, Inc.The Pittsburgh FoundationP&G BeautyRathmann Family FoundationResearch Foundation of The City University of New YorkRichard Lounsbery FoundationScience ChannelScreenscope, Inc.The Seattle FoundationSubaru of America, Inc.Torrey Revocable Living TrustUniversity Corporation for Atmospheric ResearchVerizon FoundationYomegaYoung’s Associates

OtherOrganizationsAmerican Academy of NeurologyAmerican Ceramics SocietyAmerican Chemical Society

American Dental AssociationAmerican Geological InstituteAmerican Geophysical UnionAmerican Institute of PhysicsAmerican Mathematical SocietyAmerican Meteorological SocietyAmerican Neurological AssociationAmerican Nuclear SocietyAmerican Petroleum InstituteAmerican Physical SocietyAmerican Physiological SocietyAmerican Psychological AssociationAmerican Psychological SocietyAmerican Society of AgronomyAmerican Society of AnesthesiologistsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.American Society of Mechanical EngineersAmerican Society for MicrobiologyAmerican Society of Plant BiologistsAmerican Veterinary Medical AssociationArgonne National LaboratoryChild Neurology SocietyCrop Science Society of AmericaDistrict of Columbia Office of the State Superintendent of EducationEuropean Commission DG ResearchEuroscience Open ForumFederation of Animal Science SocietiesThe Geological Society of AmericaThe George Washington UniversityHarvard University

33

Howard Hughes Medical InstituteIndiana UniversityInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers— United States of AmericaThe Institute of NavigationKing Abdulaziz City for Science and TechnologyKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyLouisiana State UniversityMaine Technology InstituteMaterials Research SocietyThe Minerals, Metals, and Materials SocietyNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNational Action Council for Minorities in Engineering

National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Center for Scientific and Technical InformationNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Science FoundationNorthwestern UniversityNOVAOak Ridge Associated UniversitiesOptical Society of America

RDI Royalty Distributors, Inc.Rice UniversitySociety for Industrial and Applied MathematicsSociety for Research in Child DevelopmentSoil Science Society of AmericaSouth Dakota Department of Tourism and State DevelopmentSouth Dakota School of Mines and TechnologySPIEU.S. Agency for International DevelopmentU.S. Department of AgricultureU.S. Department of Defense

U.S. Department of EducationU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesU.S. Department of Homeland SecurityU.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Department of the Navy (Naval Air Systems Command)U.S. Department of StateU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of Florida

University of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUniversity of KansasUniversity of Kansas Medical Center Research Institute, Inc.University of MichIganUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterUniversity of VermontUniversity of WashingtonWashington Statistical SocietyWomen in Engineering Proactive Network

This report reflects financial support received from 1 January 2008 through 31 December 2008. The compilers have carefully reviewed the names that appear. However, errors and omissions may occasionally occur. We apologize if your name is listed incorrectly. Please do not hesitate to bring the mistake to our attention by calling 202-326-6636. Thank you.

35

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2008-2009

Chair David Baltimore California Institute of Technology

President James J. McCarthy Harvard University

President-Elect Peter Agre Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute

Treasurer David E. Shaw D. E. Shaw Research

AAAS Chief Executive Officer Alan I. Leshner

OTHER MEMBERS:

Lynn W. Enquist Princeton University

Susan M. Fitzpatrick The James S. McDonnell Foundation

Alice Gast Lehigh University

Linda P.B. Katehi University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (2009 — University of California-Davis)

Nancy Knowlton National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

Cherry A. Murray Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2009 — Harvard University)

Thomas D. Pollard Yale University

AAAS MANAGEMENT

Chief Executive Officer and Executive Publisher, Science Alan I. Leshner

Chief Financial and Administrative Officer Phillip Blair

Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy Norman P. Neureiter, Director

Development Office Juli Staiano, Director

Education and Human Resources Shirley M. Malcom, Director

Executive Office Affairs Gretchen Seiler, Director

Finance and Administration Colleen Struss, Director of Finance and Chief Legal Officer

Human Resources Alison French, Director

International Office Vaughan Turekian, Chief International Officer

Office of Public Programs Ginger Pinholster, Director

Office of Publishing and Member Services Beth Rosner, Director and Publisher, Science

Project 2061 Jo Ellen Roseman, Director

Science and Policy Programs Albert H. Teich, Director

Science Editorial Bruce Alberts, Editor-in-Chief Monica Bradford, Executive Editor

Science News Colin Norman, News Editor

ASSOCIATION INFORMATION

Association Headquarters American Association for the Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20005 USA Tel: 202-326-6400

AAAS Annual Meeting Dates: 18-22 February 2010 Location: San Diego, California www.aaas.org/meetings Find an archive of past meetings.

AAAS Centers www.aaas.org/programs/centers

Supporting science and engineering capacity, careers, public engage-ment, policy, science and diplomacy, and more.

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This report is based on content written by various members of the AAAS Office of Public Programs staff during 2008.

The Annual Meeting is globally one of the most widely recognized interdisciplinary scientific events, with hundreds of networking opportunities and broad national and international media coverage. An exceptional array of speakers will gather at the AAAS Annual Meeting to address the hottest areas of science, technology, engineering, education, and policy-making.

The meeting’s theme—Bridging Science and Society—is a call to action that resonates around the world. U.S. President Barack Obama articulated a global mandate in his inaugural address:

“We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. All this we will do.”

Attendees will have the opportunity to choose among a broad range of activities, including plenary and topical lectures by some of the world’s leading scientists and engineers, multidisciplinary symposia, cutting-edge seminars, career development workshops, and an international exhibition.

AAAS Annual Meeting • 18–22 February 2010

Bridging Science and Society

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San Diego

For program updates and partnership opportunities, visit www.aaas.org/meetings.

American Association for the Advancement of Science

1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20005 USA

Tel: 202-326-6400

For more information about supporting AAAS, please e-mail development@aaas.org,

or call 202-326-6636.

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