Unit 2: Chemistry

Name: Block:

Science 9

Book 1: What is Matter? + The Kinetic Molecular Theory

1

Part A : What is Chemistry?

Here is a dramatization called, A Day Without Chemistry 1. List three ways you use chemistry every day:

After watching, What is Chemistry?

a) How would you define chemistry now?

b) Chemistry is sometimes called the __________________ science becauseprinciples of chemistry intertwine with other sciences, especially biology,physics and math.

c) Name one famous chemist mentioned in the video:__________________________________________

Teacher Demo:

Materials: Substances:

Procedure:

Make a prediction what do you think will happen?

Observations:

2

Periodic Table Scavenger Hunt

In the study of chemistry we will be using The Periodic Table of the Elements alot!

Get to know your periodic table by searching your periodic table for the answers to these questions.

1. Which element is number 14 on the periodic table?

2. What is the element symbol for californium?

3. How many protons are in an atom of bismuth?

4. To which element group does argon belong?

5. Which element would you expect to have a higher mass:

cadmium or zinc?

6. What is the atomic mass of carbon?

7. What do you call the element series from atomic number 57-71?

8. Which element has a symbol that starts with a letter different

from the first one in its name: aluminum, copper, gold,

rhenium?

9. Which element has the lowest atomic mass?

10.What is the first element with an atomic mass greater than 100?

11.What is the first basic metal on the periodic table?

12.True or false: Tin and antimony are in the same element group.

13.What is the heaviest alkali metal?

14.How many protons are in an atom of magnesium?

15.Which of the following is not a nonmetal: sulfur, oxygen, silicon,

nitrogen?

16.What is the name of the element with the symbol W?

17.Which element has an atomic mass of 106.42?

18.Astatine belongs to which element group: nonmetal, halogen,

noble gas?

19.What is the element with the symbol Ba?

20.Name a letter never used in any element symbol?

3

NO

N-M

ET

ALS

ME

TA

LS

Ion

char

ge(s

)

47.9

Tita

nium

3+T

i4+

22

Ato

mic

Mas

sN

ame

Sym

bol

Ato

mic

Num

ber

PE

RIO

DIC

TA

BL

E O

F T

HE

EL

EM

EN

TS

Alk

alin

eE

arth

Met

als

Alk

ali

Met

als

Nob

leG

ases

Hal

ogen

s

Bas

ed o

n m

ass

of C

-12

at 1

2.00

.

Any

val

ue in

par

enth

eses

is th

e m

ass

of th

e m

ost

stab

le o

r be

st k

now

n is

otop

e fo

rel

emen

ts w

hich

do

not o

ccur

nat

ural

ly.

(262

)

Law

renc

ium

Lr

3+10

3

(259

)

Nob

eliu

m

3+N

o2+

102

(258

)

Men

dele

vium3+

Md

2+10

1

(257

)

Ferm

ium

Fm

3+10

0

(252

)

Eins

tein

ium

Es

3+99

(251

)

Cal

iforn

ium

Cf

3+98

(247

)

Berk

eliu

m4+B

k3+

97

(247

)

Cur

ium

Cm

3+96

(243

)

Amer

icium

Am

95

6+5+4+3+

5+3+6+4+

(244

)

Plut

onium

Pu

94

6+4+3+5+

(237

)

Nep

tuniu

m

Np

93

5+4+6+

238.

0

Ura

nium

U92

231.

0

Prot

actin

ium4+

Pa

5+91

232.

0

Thor

ium

Th

4+90

175.

0

Lute

tium

Lu

3+71

173.

0

Ytte

rbiu

m

2+Y

b3+

70

168.

9

Thul

ium

2+T

m3+

69

167.

3

Erbi

um

Er

3+68

164.

9

Hol

miu

m

Ho

3+67

162.

5

Dys

pros

ium

Dy

3+66

158.

9

erbi

umT

4+T

b3+

65

157.

3

Gad

olin

ium

Gd

3+64

152.

0

Euro

pium

2+E

u3+

63

150.

4

Sam

ariu

m4+S

m3+

62

(145

)

Prom

ethi

um

Pm

3+61

144.

2

Neo

dym

ium

Nd

3+60

140.

9

Pras

eody

miu

m

4+P

r3+

59

140.

1

Cer

ium

4+C

e3+

58

(266

)

Mei

tner

ium

Mt

109

(265

)

Has

sium

Hs

108

(262

)

Bohr

ium

Bh

107

(263

)

Sg

Seab

orgi

um

106

(262

)

Dub

nium

Db

105

(26

1)

Rut

herfo

rdiu

m

Rf

10

4

(22

7)

Act

iniu

m

Ac

3+

89

(226

)

Rad

ium

Ra

2+88

(223

)

Fran

cium

Fr

+87

(222

)

Rad

on

Rn

086

(210

)

Asta

tine

At

–85

(209

)

Polo

nium

4+P

o2+

84

020

9.

Bism

uth

5+B

i3+

83

207.

2

Lead

4+P

b2+

82

204.

4

Thal

lium

3+T

l1+

81

200.

6

Mer

cury

1+H

g2+

80

197.

0

Gol

d

1+A

u3+

79

195.

1

Plat

inum

2+P

t4+

78

192.

2

Iridi

um

4+Ir

3+77

190.

2

Osm

ium

4+O

s3+

76

186.

2

Rhe

nium

7+R

e4+

75

183.

8

ungs

ten

TW6+

74

180.

9

anta

lum

TTa5+

73

178.

5

Haf

nium

Hf

4+72

138.

9

Lant

hanu

m

La

3+57

137.

3

Bariu

m

Ba

2+56

132.

9

Ces

ium

Cs

+55

131.

3

Xeno

n

Xe

054

126.

9

Iodi

ne

I–

53

127.

6

Tellu

rium

Te2–

52

121.

8

Antim

ony5+

Sb

3+51

118.

7

Tin

2+S

n4+

50

114.

8

Indi

um

In3+

49

112.

4

Cad

miu

m

Cd

2+48

107.

9

Silv

er

Ag

+47

106.

4

Palla

dium

4+P

d2+

46

102.

9

Rho

dium

4+R

h3+

45

101.

1

Rut

heni

um

4+R

u3+

44

(98)

Tech

netiu

m

Tc

7+43

95.9

Mol

ybde

num3+

Mo

2+42

92.9

Nio

bium

5+N

b3+

41

91.2

Zirc

oniu

m

Zr

4+40

88.9

Yttri

um

Y3+

39

87.6

Stro

ntiu

m

Sr

2+38

85.5

Rub

idiu

m

Rb

+37

83.8

Kryp

ton

Kr

036

79.9

Brom

ine

Br

–35

79.0

Sele

nium

Se

2–34

74.9

Arse

nic

As

3–33

72.6

Ger

man

ium

Ge

4+32

69.7

Gal

lium

Ga

3+31

65.4

ZincZn

2+30

63.5

Cop

per

1+C

u2+

29

58.7

Nic

kel

3+N

i2+

28

58.9

Cob

alt

3+C

o2+

27

55.8

Iron

2+F

e3+

26

54.9

Man

gane

se

Mn

25

4+3+2+

52.0

Chr

omiu

m2+C

r3+

24

50.9

Vana

dium

4+V

5+23

47.9

Tita

nium

3+T

i4+

22

45.0

Scan

dium

Sc

3+21

40.1

Cal

cium

Ca

2+20

39.1

Pota

ssiu

m

K+

19

39.9

Argo

n

Ar

018

35.5

Chl

orin

e

Cl

–17

32.1

Sulfu

r

S2–

16

31.0

Phos

phor

us

P3–

15

28.1

Silic

on

Si

14

27.0

Alum

iniu

m

Al

3+13

24.3

Mag

nesi

um

Mg

2+12

23.0

Sodi

um

Na

+11

20.2

Neo

n

Ne

010

19.0

Fluo

rine

F9–

16.0

Oxy

gen

O–

82

14.0

Nitr

ogen

N–

73

12.0

Car

bon

C6

10.8

Boro

n

B5

9.0

Bery

llium

Be

+4

2

6.9

Lith

ium

Li

3+

4.0

Hel

ium

He

20

1.0

Hyd

roge

n

H1–

1.0

Hyd

roge

n

H1+

(294

)

Unu

noct

ium

Uu

o11

8

(?)

Unu

nsep

tium

Uu

s11

7

(292

)

Unu

nhex

ium

Uu

h11

6

(288

)

Uu

pU

nunp

entiu

m

115

(289

)

Unu

nqua

dium

Uu

q11

4

(28

4)

Unu

ntriu

m

Uu

t1

13

(28

5)

Unu

nbiu

m

Uu

b1

12

(272

)

Roe

ntge

nium

Rg

111

(281

)

Darm

stad

tium

Ds

110

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

17

18

4

Part B: What is Matter, and How Do We Classify It? • Matter is anything that has _______________ and _____________________.

o Mass is the amount of _______________ in a substance or object(measured in ___________________ )

o Volume is the amount of _________________ a substance or an object occupies(measured in ___________ or cubic metres (____))

Classification of Matter:Matter

Pure ____________

Compound ____________ Mixture

____________ Mixture

Pure ______________: A type of matter that contains only ______ type of ______________.

This particle can be an _______ or a molecule (______________________________).

• Element: A type of matter that contains only one type of _____________.

o Examples: _____________________________________________________

• Compound: A type of matter that contains ___________ or more ______________.

These elements are in definite ____________________ (chemically bonded together).

o Examples: _____________________________________________________

Mixture: A type of matter that contains _______ or more pure substances. These substances are

_____________________ bonded together.

• ________________ Mixture: Is a mixture that is evenly and ___________________

mixed together. The particles in this type of mixture are _________________ separate from

each other but they are ____________ indistinguishable.

o When in _________ form (liquid or gas) we call these mixtures ______________.

o When in __________ form, like certain metals, we call these mixtures ___________.

o Examples: _____________________________________________________

• ____________________ Mixture: Is a mixture that is not ____________________

in its composition. In fact, parts of the mixture can be _____________ distinguished from

other parts.

o Examples: _____________________________________________________

5

Practice classifying matter!

Matter Pure Substance Element Compound Mixture Homogeneous

Mixture Heterogeneous

Mixture

water yes no yes no no no

carbon dioxide

CO2

nitrogen gas N2

glucose C6H12O6

sugar water

salt water

orange juice

mercury

air

gold

ocean water

6

In Class Partner Activity: Classification of Matter

How do atoms combine to make different types of matter?

Why? Look at the things in this room. They are all matter. That matter may be pure or it may be a mixture. Can you tell by looking at it? What if you looked at it under a microscope? Then could you tell? Something that looks pure may not really be pure. It depends on what type of particles that thing is made of. In this activity we will explore how the smallest chemical units of matter determine whether something is classified as an element, a compound, or a mixture.

Model 1: Step 1: begin by coloring each different kind of particle (R, Sq and T) a different color in every box of Model 1. (eg. all circles are orange, all squares are blue, etc) 1 Person can do this page, while yourpartner completes an IDENTICAL copy on page 9 (you may tear out page 9+10)

8 particles

R

atom

T & RSq & R ?

5 particles

Sq2 moleculeRSq

molecule moleculeatoms

?

SqR3 & TSq TSq2R

5 particles

?

7

1. Circle a molecule of RSq in Model 1. How many atoms are in a molecule of RSq?

2. Circle a molecule of TSq2R in Model 1.a) How many different types of atoms are found in a molecule of TSq2R?

b) How many Sq atoms are in a molecule of TSq2R?

3. Locate the drawing labeled SqR3 & TSq in Model 1a) How many different types of atoms are found in a sample of SqR3 & TSq?

b) How many different types of molecules are found in a sample of SqR3 & TSq?

4. a) What does it mean when two atoms are touching in the drawings of Model 1?

b) What does it mean when two atoms or molecules are not touching in the drawingsof Model 1?

5. With your partner, discuss the following questions & record your answers:a) Can a particle of matter be a single atom?

b) Can a particle of matter be a molecule?

c) How many particles are in the drawing representing T & RSq & R in Model 1?

d) What is your groups definition of the word "particle" as we use it in chemistry?

6. Compare the codes listed at the top of each drawing in Model 1 with the shapes in that box.

a) What do the letters R, Sq and T in the codes represent?

b) What do the small numbers (subscripts) in the codes represent?

c) When atoms are touching, how is that communicated in the code?

d) When atoms or molecules are not touching, how is that communicated in the code?

e) In Model 1 there are three drawings that are labeled “?”.Write codes to properly label these drawings on model 1 on the first page..

Procedure & Questions:

8

Model 1: CUT OUT each box to use for Questions #7 & #8

8 particles

R

atom

T & RSq & R ?

5 particles

Sq2 RSq molecule

molecule moleculeatoms

?

SqR3 & TSq TSq2R

5 particles

?

9

10

7. Remove page 9-10 (second copy of Model 1) from your booklet and cut apart Model 1 to separate thenine drawings. As a team, sort the pictures into those where all the particles in the drawing are identical, andthose that have more than one type of particle in the drawing.

Read This! Matter is classified as a pure substance when all of the particles are the identical. Matter is classified as a mixture if there are different particles present.

8. Identify which set of drawings from #7 are pure substances and which set are mixtures. List the codesfor each set here.

Pure Substances ____________ ____________

____________ ____________

____________ ____________

Mixtures ____________

____________

____________

9. How are the codes (chemical formulas) for pure substances different from those for mixtures?

10. As a team, take the set of pure substances drawings from #8 and sort them into those containingonly one type of atom and those with two or more types of atoms.

Read This! Elements are defined as substances made from only one type of atom. Compounds are defined as substances made from two or more types of atoms.

11. Identify which set of drawings from #10 are elements and which set are compounds.List the codes for each set here:

Elements Compounds ____________ ____________

____________ ____________

____________ ____________

12. How are the codes (chemical formulas) for elements different from those for compounds?

13. Use what you have just learned about chemical formulas to identify the following as element,compound or mixture.

a. Br2 b. NaHCO3 c. C6H12O6 & H2O

d. Cu & Zn e. CO2 f. Al

11

Extension (BONUS) Questions

14. Often times it is useful to separate matter. For example, you strain cooked pasta to get the liquid out. Ina fuel cell, water is separated into hydrogen and oxygen.

a) Which type of matter can be separated by physical methods (no bonds need to break) such asfiltering or distillation? (2 marks)

b) Which type of matter needs to be separated by chemical methods (breaking of bonds required) suchas electrolysis or decomposition?( 2 marks)

15. Students in a chemistry course were asked the following question on a unit exam: “Draw a diagram representing an element using circles as atoms.”

a) The following diagrams represent the two types of answers given by students. Which drawing is thebest representation of an element? Explain. (2 marks)

Drawing A Drawing B

b) If Drawing B was a sample from the substances in Model 1, which substance(s) could berepresented? Is a single atom a good representation of any of them? (3 marks)

12

Physical Properties Chemical Properties

Activity: Visit the stations at the lab benches and classify the type of matter you see on display and then identify three physical properties of that matter.

Lab Station Type of Matter Physical Properties

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Properties of Matter Physical properties

Chemical Properties

13

ASSIGNMENT #2: Understanding Key Ideas: Practice QuestionsThis assignment is to be completed below in the space provided.

Let’s Stretch Our Thinking:

Consider the following mixtures. How might they be separated into pure substances?

1. Very tiny sand granules and very tiny sugar crystals

2. Very tiny aluminum filings and very tiny iron filings

3. Very fine saw dust and very tiny sand granules

4. Sugar dissolved in water

14

Now, let’s look at “particles” a bit more closely. If we assume that circles represent _________________ and that open circles represent

one type of particle and closed circles represent another type of particle, then we can classify

pictures of particles as _______________, compounds and mixtures.

Draw the following: A mixture of water vapor carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas

15

Now, you try these! Use the following legend:

A. ElementB. CompoundC. Mixture of ElementsD. Mixture of CompoundsE. Mixture of Elements and Compounds

Summary Chart:

16

Topic Review

1. Matter is anything that has both ________________ and ________________. Matter can

be classified as ______________________________ or mixtures. Matter that is not a

mixture is classified as either elements or _______________________. Mixtures in which

you can see “particles” are said to be _________________________ mixtures.

2. Complete the chart by writing yes or no in each of the boxes:

matter pure substance element compound mixture homogeneous

mixture heterogeneous

mixture

oxygen

ice

milk

chocolate chip

cookies

3. Classify the following by using the following key.

A. ElementB. CompoundC. Mixture of ElementsD. Mixture of CompoundsE. Mixture of Elements and Compounds

ASSIGNMENT #3: Topic Review Questions This assignment is to be completed below in the space provided.

17

PART C: Kinetic Molecular Theory Is used to explain the ____________ of matter and how that creates the different _____________ of matter:

1. All matter is made of small _________________ (atoms or molecules) too small to be seen(without an electron microscope)

2. These particles are in constant _______________ (unless matter is at absolute zero:____________)

• In solids, particles are tightly packed together and can only _____________ in place.

• In liquids, particles are touching but can _______________ past each other.

• In gases, particles are far apart and can _____________ and _________________.

3. Energy makes the particles ________. Increasing particle _________ increases particlemovement.

4. As energy _____________, particle _______________ to other particles decreases.

5. With enough kinetic energy, matter can change __________. (example: solid to liquid)

States of Matter

• Solid

o Solid matter has a definite __________ and a definite ___________.

o Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a _____________

position.

• Liquid

o Liquid matter has a definite _________ but an indefinite __________.

o Its shape is determined by its _____________.

• Gas

o Particles are _____________ and moving freely.

o Gaseous matter has an indefinite _________ and indefinite__________.

o Its ____________ and ___________ are determined by its container.

18

ASSIGNMENT #4: Matter all around us Part A + Part BThis assignment is to be completed below in the space provided.

Matter all around us Part AVocabulary

boiling pointchange of stateconductivitydensityelementsgasheatkineticliquid

massmattermelting pointmovementparticlespropertiessolidstatesvolume

Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. Use each term only once. You will not need to use every term.

1. is anything that has mass and volume. According to the kinetic molecular theory, all matter is made of very small that are constantly moving.

2. is the amount of matter in an object. The amount . The ratio of a of space an object occupies is its

material’s mass to its volume is its .

3. There are threethese can change when

of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Each of is added or removed.

4. The temperature at which ice turns to water is the . The temperature at which water turns to water vapour is the .

5. describes how easily electricity or heat can move through a material.

6. energy is the energy of movement.

7. Particles of a are packed so tightly together that they are farther

are can only vibrate in place. Particles of aapart and can slide past each other. Particles of a very far apart and move around freely and quickly.

8. The kinetic molecular theory describes what happens to the particles of matter duringa .

9. Oxygen and gold are examples of , which cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances.

19

1. The difference between a COLD SOLID and a HOT SOLID is that the particles in the HOT solid

vibrate ________________________ (FASTER/SLOWER). This difference is due to the COLD

solid’s molecules having ___________________ (MORE/LESS) kinetic energy.

2. The difference between a solid and a liquid at the same temperature is that the liquid has

__________________ (MORE/LESS) kinetic energy.

3. The __________________ molecular theory states that:

a. All matter is made of particles too _________________ to be seen (unless you have a

scanning tunneling electron microscope!).

b. These particles are in constant ____________________ (unless at absolute zero!).

c. The more energy particles have the ________________ (FASTER/SLOWER) they move.

d. Particles in a ________________ (SOLID, LIQUID, GAS) can only vibrate whereas

particles in a _________________ (SOLID, LIQUID, GAS) can slide past each other and

particles in a __________________ (SOLID, LIQUID, GAS) are very far apart.

e. The more ___________________ (ENERGY/MASS/VOLUME) that particles have the

faster they can move.

Matter all around us Part BFill in the blanks by choosing one of the words provided in brackets.

20

PART D: Changes in State The kinetic molecular theory explains how matter changes state. Let’s look at an example:

1. Solid gold – particles are stuck together but _______________ in place

2. As we add thermal energy the particles begin to ________ further apart

3. Liquid gold – particles are still close, but have enough room to ________ past each other

4. As the temperature increases the particles move further apart and some have enough energy to

___________________

5. Gaseous gold – particles are far apart and _______________________ into the container

A Phase Change Diagram for Water at Standard Pressure:

Time or Heat Added

Between A and B: ________________________________________________________

Between B and C: ________________________________________________________

Between C and D: ________________________________________________________

Between D and E: ________________________________________________________

Between E and F: ________________________________________________________

21

Define the Following & Draw a Diagram:

Freezing is the change of state from _________________ to ______________.

Melting is the change of state from _________________ to ______________.

Condensation is the change of state from _________________ to ______________.

Evaporation is the change of state from _________________ to ______________.

Sublimation is the change of state from _________________ to _________________.

Deposition is the change of state from _________________ to _________________.

22

Let’s Stretch Our Thinking:

Consider the phase change diagram shown to the right.

1. The vertical axis on the graph might be:A. TimeB. TemperatureC. ViscosityD. Density

2. The horizontal axis on the graph might be:A. TimeB. EnergyC. TemperatureD. Time or energy

3. The most amount of liquid will be found at: A B C D E

4. Between B and C ____ is happening.

A. FreezingB. EvaporatingC. Increasing temperatureD. Melting

5. The boiling point of this matter is:

A. 180 unitsB. 140 unitsC. 70 unitsD. Less than 40 units

6. How do you know that this pure substance is not water?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

The pure substance charted in the phase change diagram is not water because ...

23

ASSIGNMENT #5: Changes of state in goldThis assignment is to be completed below in the space provided.

24

• All matter has physical properties: characteristics that can be directly observed or __________

• Different kinds of matter have different ______________ and this allows us to tell them apart

Properties of Matter

BC Science 9 McGraw-Hill Ryerson

• _______________________ properties answer yes or no questions; or, are descriptive.

• _______________________ properties can be measured and have definite units.

PART E: Properties of Matter

25

Physical Properties of Matter

• Physical properties may be _____________, ______________ or ____________

Examples:

• _______________

• _______________ Point

• _______________ Point

• Density: the _______ of a substance’s mass to its volume.

o A ________ density means even a small piece of the

substance will feel __________.

• Malleability refers to how a material deforms under ______________ stress.

o A malleable material can be flattened into thin __________.

• Ductility refers to how a material deforms under ____________ stress.

o A ductile material can be pulled into thin _________.

• Lustre refers to the ability of a metal to reflect light (____________________)

Chemical Properties of Matter

• Chemical properties describe the behavior of a substance as it __________________

_________________________

Examples:

• Flammability

• _________________

• Reacts with ______________

Chemical Properties describe ___________changes in matter:

Physical Properties describe ________________changes in matter:

26

Physical & Chemical Changes

• In a physical change, a substance changes in form but not in its _______________composition.

• _______new substances are formed.

• Physical changes may cause a change in _________________.

o e.g. ______________________________

• Chemical changes are those in which new substances are formed.

o e.g. ______________________________

o In chemical changes the substances that react are called ____________________, and the

new substances that are produced are called ______________________.

How can you tell if a change is chemical?

Some chemical changes are easy to observe. When fireworks explode, energy is released in the form of

________, ________, and __________. Other chemical changes may be more difficult to observe.

If you can make two or more of the following observations, then a chemical change has occurred

1. Change in colour

2. Production/consumption of heat, light, or sound

3. Formation of gas bubbles

4. Formation of a solid (called a ____________________) when two liquids are mixed

5. One or more of the starting materials (reactants) are used up

Cooking an egg is a chemical change. Boiling water is a physical change. What do you think is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change?

Identify whether the example is a physical change or a chemical change.

(a) ice cream melting ___________________________________(b) rust forming on a car ___________________________________(c) a tire inflating with air ___________________________________(d) food digesting in the stomach ___________________________________(e) cutting a piece of paper into two pieces ___________________________________(f) acid on limestone producing carbon dioxide gas_____________________________

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PHYSICAL CHANGE CHEMICAL CHANGE

ASSIGNMENT #6: Physical + Chemical Change Cut + Paste This assignment is to be cut out the boxes on following page & paste below.

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Physical vs. Chemical Change Cut and Paste

PHYSICAL CHANGE Example: toasting bread Example: frying an egg

Example: frost forming

on a window

Example: burning a log

in your fireplace

Example: melting butter

in a hot pot

Example: Freezing a juice box Example: boiling water CHEMICAL CHANGE

Example: melting wax Example: a rusting car Example: grating some cheese

Example: adding milk to coffee Example: perming hair Example: baking a cake

Example: mixing cement with water

and letting it dry

Example: heating oil for

deep-frying until it boils

Example: dissolving sugar

in hot tea

Example: oil paint drying Example: a burning candle Example: BBQ a steak

Signs of this change:

▪ Change is: colour, odour, taste

▪ A gas is produced

▪ Temperature changes without

being heated or cooled

▪ A precipitate is formed

▪ Often cannot be reversed (can be

reversed sometimes)

What happens: the molecules don’t change,

they move farther apart,

closer together or get mixed

with another type of

molecule

Signs of this change:

▪ No change in: colour, odour,

taste

▪ Temperature only changes if it

has been heated or cooled

▪ May change state

▪ May become part of a mixture

▪ Usually can be reversed

Definition : a change where a new type of matter

is formed with new properties and a

new chemical formula

What happens: atoms are rearranged to

form new molecules with

different chemical formulas

Definition : a change in matter where no new

molecules are formed

Example: mixing sand

and water

Example: a firecracker

exploding

Example: mixing sugar

and cinnamon

ASSIGNMENT #6: Physical + Chemical Change Cut + Paste This assignment is to be cut out and glued on the previous page.

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This page is intentionally blank...you will be cutting out the previous page

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Endothermic Changes

• If a reaction absorbs energy, it is called ____________________.

• These changes can be:

o _________________ changes that increase the kinetic energy

of a substance For example, solid to _____________, liquid to

______)

o __________________ changes that must absorb energy in

order to proceed, for example baking cookies

• Endothermic changes feel ____________ because heat is absorbed intothe substances.

Energy Changes

• Chemical and physical changes can either produce or consume ________________.

• We usually see this energy as a ______________ in temperature.

Exothermic Changes

• If a reaction releases energy, it is called _______________________.

• These changes can be:

o ____________________ changes that reduce the kinetic

energy of a substance. For example, ___________ to liquid,

_____________ to solid – in these changes matter is cooling

down and the excess energy is given to their surroundings as

____________

o A hot pan placed on a counter will _______________ the counter as the pan cools.

o __________________ changes that release energy to the surroundings, for example

burning wood

• Exothermic changes feel ________________ because heat is released into the environment

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Complete the Following Review Questions. Match the following:

1. _____ mass

2. _____ ductile

3. _____ density

4. _____ state

5. _____ malleability

6. _____ conductivity

7. _____ element

A. Amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance

B. Amount of matter in a substance

C. Forms thin sheets

D. Cannot be broken down into simpler types of matter

E. Forms thin wires

F. Measures how easily electricity or heat moves

through a sample

G. Can be solid, liquid or gas

8. Which of the following changes of state require the removal of energy?I. Sublimation

II. EvaporationIII. Condensation

IV. BoilingV. Solidifying

VI. Melting

A. I only.B. I, II and VI only.C. II, III and V onlyD. III and V only.

9. Which of the following describes what happens when energy is added to a substance?A. Particles lose kinetic energy and vibrate faster.B. Particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate slower.C. Particles lose kinetic energy and vibrate slower.D. Particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster.

10. Fill in the classification of matter chart.

Uniform in characteristics Non-uniform in characteristics

compound

ASSIGNMENT #7: Investigating Matter Review This assignment is to be completed on the following pages

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