scada

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Presentation Layout• Introduction to SCADA

• Working principle of SCADA

• Components of SCADA system

• Advantages and Disadvantages of SCADA

• Applications of SCADA system

• Soft wares used for SCADA

• Why we use SCADA ?

04/18/2023 SCADA system 2

Introduction to SCADA• SCADA stands for supervisory control and data

acquisition.• The term SCADA refers to the entire central system.

The central system usually monitors data from various sensors that are either in close proximity or off site.

• Collecting of information, transferring it back to the central site, carrying out any necessary analysis and control then displaying that information on a number of operator screens or displays. Control actions are then conveyed back to the process.


Pictorial view of SCADA system


Pictorial view of SCADA(continued)


Working principle of SCADA

A SCADA system performs four main functions:

1) Data acquisition • Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and

converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer.

Data acquisition systems (abbreviated with the acronym DAS or DAQ) typically convert analog

waveforms into digital values for processing

2) Networked data communication • It means the communication of data between the computer(controller) and the equipments to be

controlled through computer network.

3) Data presentation • It means the displaying of digital data gathered by sensors on the main computer screens.

4) Control • It means control of various equipments and machinery with the help of computers based on

the data received by computers .


SCADA components

A SCADA system usually consists of the followingComponents :• Human machine interface(HMI) which are usually computers.• Supervisory system gathering (acquiring) data on the process

and sending commands in order to control the process. • Remote Terminal Unit, RTU, is an intelligent microprocessor

that collects, stores and processes information coming from the instrumentation in the field. Remote terminal units (RTUs) are connecting to sensors in the process, converting sensor’s analog signals to digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system.

• Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the remote terminal units.

• Various process and analytical instrumentation(sensors).


Advantages of SCADA system

• Access quantitative measurements of important processes• Detect and correct problems as soon as they begin• Measure trends over time• Discover and eliminate inefficiencies• Control larger and more complex processes with a smaller, less• specialized staff. • Real-time reporting of the physical variables of the system.• Ease of maintenance.• Control of contingencies.• Reliability of measurement.• Efficiency in the operation.• Storage of historical data.• Planning the operation.• Safety in operation.• Analysis tools.• Predictive analysis and survival time.


Disadvantages of SCADA system

One disadvantage is that TCP(transmission control protocol) /IP(Internet protocol) based SCADA systems are (extremely)vulnerable to cyber ware-fare/ cyber terrorism attacks which, in the worstscenario case, could cause not only financial loss but also loss oflife, directly or indirectly.


Applications of SCADASCADA is mainly used in :

Electric power generation, transmission and distribution:

Electric utilities use SCADA systems to detect current flow and line voltage, to monitor the operation of circuit breakers, and to

take sections of the power grid online or offline.

Water and sewage:

State and municipal water utilities use SCADA to monitor and regulate water flow, reservoir levels, pipe pressure and other

factors.

Buildings, facilities and environments:

Facility managers use SCADA to control HVAC, refrigeration units, lighting and entry systems.

Manufacturing:

SCADA systems manage parts inventories for just-in-time manufacturing, regulate industrial automation and robots, and monitor

process and quality control.

Traffic signals:

SCADA regulates traffic lights, controls traffic flow and detects out-of-order signals.

Food Production:

SCADA system is also used in food industries to check and control the quality of food products .

Mass transit:

Transit authorities use SCADA to regulate electricity to subways, trams and trolley buses; to automate traffic signals for rail

systems; to track and locate trains and buses; and to control railroad crossing gates.

Telecom and Information Technology (IT):

SCADA is also used in telecom and IT companies in order to manage the data and control the very complex systems.


Applications of SCADA


Soft wares used for SCADA• Isa GRAF

Isa GRAF is the most powerful Soft Logic package on the market. Isa GRAF is a PLC-like software .It supports IEC 61131-3 standard PLC programming languages - Quick Ladder (LD), Function Block Diagram (FBD),Sequential Function Chart (SFC), Structured Text (ST), Instruction List (IL) plus Flow Chart (FC) and can run the application generatedby the workbench on any Isa GRAF PACs .Isa GRAF also supports off-line simulation, on-line debugging, monitoring and control.

• Citect SCADA CitectSCADA is a HMI / SCADA software package supporting. It contains a big collection of symbols of industrial equipments for drawing the application

scenes Made by Citect (a software development company specializing in the Automation and

Control industry).

• DNP(Distributed network protocol) DNP is a set of communications protocols used between components in process

automation systems. Its main use is in utilities such as electric and water companies.


Isa Graf ladder diagram editor


Citect Interface


DNP


Why we use SCADA ?

scada

Education

scada scada

scada componentsa scada

term scada

communication of data

supervisory system

data presentation

acquiring data

displaying of digital