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Name Class Date

1 Figure 1 shows a simple calorimeter that is used in an investigation to compare the amount of energy in different foods.

Figure 1

a State why a stirrer is used in the calorimeter.

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b State why it is important to measure the temperature of the water at the start of this investigation.

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c Explain why the volume of water is a control variable in this investigation.

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(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

burning food

water

calorimeter

clamp

stirrer

thermometer

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2 Figure 2 shows the results of food tests on three different foods using Benedict’s solution.

Food meat bread milk

Colour after Benedict’s test blue red green

Figure 2

a Explain one conclusion about the nutritional content of these foods.

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b State how to reduce the risk from one hazard when carrying out food tests using Benedict’s solution.

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(Total for Question 2 = 3 marks)

3 Cells contain different structures to help them carry out different functions.

a Which of the following structures can be found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Tick one box.

A nuclei

B ribosomes

C chloroplasts

D mitochondria

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b Explain how cells can take in substances against a concentration gradient.

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(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)

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4 a i Give one difference between a bacterial cell and an animal cell.

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ii One bacterial cell divides into two new cells once every 20 minutes.

After 9 hours, 134 217 728 new bacteria are produced.

Which of the options below shows 134 217 728 in standard form?

Tick one box.

A 1.3 10–8

B 1.3 108

C 13.4 10–7

D 13.4 107

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b An electron microscope is more useful than a light microscope when studying bacterial cells.

One reason for this is that the electron microscope has a greater resolving power.

Explain why resolving power is important when looking at cells.

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(2)

(Total for Question 4 = 4 marks)

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5 Hydrogen peroxide is a waste product found in body cells.

Hydrogen peroxide is broken down into oxygen and water by the enzyme catalase.

a Which of the following best explains why catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide but will not break down other molecules?

Tick one box.

A catalase has a complementary shape that fits into the active site of the substrate

B hydrogen peroxide has a complementary shape that fits into the active site of the enzyme

C the active site of the enzyme is denatured if the conditions are not optimum

D the active site of the substrate is denatured if the conditions are not optimum

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Figure 3 shows the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of oxygen production during the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase.

Figure 3

b Explain the effect of substrate concentration on the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase.

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(3)

(Total for Question 5 = 4 marks)

substrate concentration

volume ofoxygenproduced

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5

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6 Figure 4 shows the results for the contents of three test tubes that a student sets up to investigate the movement of water into and out of potato cells. Each test tube contains a potato cylinder placed in a solution.

Test tube

Contents of test tube

Starting mass of potato

cylinder (g)

Final mass of potato

cylinder (g)

Change in mass of potato

cylinder (g)

Percentage change in mass of potato

cylinder (%)

A distilled water and a potato cylinder

35.4 40.7 5.3 15.0

B dilute sugar solution and a potato cylinder

33.7 32.8 –0.9 –2.7

C concentrated sugar solution and a potato

cylinder

34.1 30.6 –3.5

Figure 4

After 20 minutes, the student removes each potato cylinder, dries them and records the mass of each one.

a The length of time the potato was left in the solution is a control variable in the experiment.

Which of the following is also a control variable in the experiment?

Tick one box.

A type of potato

B concentration of sugar solution

C final mass of potato cylinder

D change in mass of potato cylinder

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b Calculate the percentage change in mass for the potato in test tube C.

percentage change in mass = __________________%

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c Explain the results obtained for the potato in test tube B.

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(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)

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7 Pepsin is an enzyme found in the human digestive system.

Figure 5 shows the effect of temperature on the rate of protein digestion by the enzyme pepsin.

Figure 5

a Calculate the rate of reaction for pepsin at 10 °C.

rate of reaction = ______________ g/min

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b Explain why it took a long time for the protein to be digested by the enzyme at 60 °C.

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c Explain how the biuret test can be used to investigate the effect of temperature on the activity of pepsin.

Use information from Figure 5 to help with your answer.

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(4)

(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

time taken for completedigestion of 50g ofprotein (minutes)

60

40

20

00 10 20 30 40 50 60

temperature (°C)

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8 Explain the similarities and differences between the sub-cellular structures found in:

a sperm cell

a ciliated epithelial cell, such as an oviduct lining cell.

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(6)

(Total for Question 8 = 6 marks)

(TOTAL FOR PAPER = 40 MARKS)