SAY YOURSELVES

EARTHQUAKE

• homeless people• damaged buildings and

cars• destroyed buildings and

cars• hurt people• dead bodies• shaken ground• crying people

Flood

• homeless people

• damaged buildings and cars

• much water everywhere

• alarm signals

• swimming people• outage (отключение электричества)

• hurt or dead people

• shortage of food

Drought

• shortage of water and food

• damaged farmland

• destroyed harvest

• sick people

• overheating (перегревание)

• increase in prices

• poor agricultural situation

FOREST FIRE• burnt trees

• smoke

• destroyed plants

• dead animals and insects

• diseases of lungs

VOLCANO• ash everywhere• smoke• burnt ground, grass and plants• broken equipment, machines• fire• diseases of lungs• poisonous gases

1. Define the wind direction and fire spreading.

2. Shut the windows and the doors from exposed to the wind side and open them from the other side.

3. Switch on TV or radio and listen to the information.

4. Leave the fire zone and go to meet wind5. Prepare some food, water, medicine and

other necessary things.6. Fix the furniture, put heavy things on the

floor.7. Move on the ground, don’t try to leave fire

behind you.8. Find the safe place in a building (near the

main walls, in the corners) 9. Switch off gas, water, electricity.10.If it is possible, try to get your clothes wet.11.If you are outside, find a pit, a ditch, or a

ravine far from buildings.12.Take your passport, some necessary things

and go to the definite place.13.Inform about fire as soon as possible. 14.If you are in any transport, leave it and find

the safe place.15.Keep away damaged buildings.

Natural disasters: where to go and what to do•stay upstairs or on the roof•alert (signal)•don’t panic•keep your balance•save your energy•call “rescue service”•don’t let oxygen get in•cover yourself with a wet blanket •try to leave the house•creep•stand in the doorway•stay far from windows

•listen to the radio news•don’t use lift•don’t use matches•take all necessary things (documents, money, photos) out of the house•move along the walls•take off heavy boots and clothes•turn off gas and electricity•turn off water•close doors and windows•don’t go to the balcony•don’t run

ATTENTION!!!

NATURAL DISASTERS: where to go and what to do

FLOODS FIRES

EARTHQUAKES

Past Simple Past Simple vsvs

Past ContinuousPast Continuous

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Usage Usage

Действие происходло:часто, постоянно, регулярно. Обозначает ФАКТ. ФАКТ.

Действия последовательные.

Слова помощники:

yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (month, year), a week (month, year) ago

Действие происходло:в определенный момент в прошлом. Указано конкретное время или временной период. Обозначает ПРОЦЕСС.ПРОЦЕСС. Действия в один и тот же момент времени.

Слова помощники:

yesterday the whole evening, from 5 till 7, yesterday at 9 o’clock, when I came

Past Simple Past Continuous

SchemesSchemes

“+”

П + V2

“-”

П + did not + V1

“+”

П + was/ were + Ving

“-”П + was/ were+ not +Ving

Past Simple Past Continuous

SchemesSchemes

“? общий”

Did + П + V1?

“? специальный” + did + П + V1?

“? общий”

Was/ Were + П + Ving?

“? специальный” + was/ were + П + Ving?

Past Simple Past Continuous

? ?

Present Perfect vs

Present Perfect Continuous

http://aida.ucoz.ru

UsageUsage

Both tenses are used to express that an action began in the past and is still going on or has just finished. In many cases, both forms are correct, but there is often a difference in meaning: We use the Present Perfect mainly to express that an action is completed or to emphasize the result. We use the Present Perfect Continuous to emphasize the duration or continuous course of an action.

Result or duration?Result or duration?Do you want to express what has happened so far or

how long an action has been going on yet?

Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

Result (what / how much / how often)

I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice.

Duration (how long)

I have been writing for an hour.

SchemesSchemes

“+”

П + have/ has + V3

“+”

П + have/ has + been + Ving

Present PerfectPresent Perfect

Continuous

SchemesSchemes

“-”

П + have/ has not + V3

“-”П + have + not +been + Ving

П (3 л.ед.ч) + has + not +been + Ving

Present PerfectPresent Perfect

Continuous

SchemesSchemes

“? общий”

Have/ has + П + V3?

“? специальный” + have/has + П + V3?

“? общий”

Have/ has + П + been + Ving?

“? специальный” + have/ has+ П + been +Ving?? ?

Present PerfectPresent Perfect

Continuous

Prepositions Prepositions

for for – в течение какого-то периода времени

- for a week,

- for six years

Since Since – с какого-то момента в прошлом

- since 2005

- since their childhood

Present PerfectPresent Perfect

Continuous

Open the brackets using Open the brackets using Present Perfect or Present Present Perfect or Present

Perfect ContinuousPerfect Continuous1. ___________ (they / arrive) already?

2. Lucy ________ (run) 2000 meters today.

3. I _________ (clean) all morning – I’m fed up!

4. How long __________ (you / know) Simon?

5. I _________ (drink) more water lately, and I feel better.

6. Sorry about the mess! I ___________ (bake).

7. How many times __________ (you / take) this exam?

8. He _________ (eat) six bars of chocolate today!

9. Julie ________ (cook) dinner. Let’s go and eat!

10. The students _______ (finish) their exams. They’re very happy.

11. The baby’s face is really dirty! What ________ (he / eat)?

12. Iona is exhausted these days. She ________ (work) too hard

recently.

13. Luke __________ (never / be) abroad.

14. I __________ (wait) for three hours already !

15. _________ (you / finish) your homework yet?

16. How long _________ (you / be) a lawyer?

17. I ________ (read) your book all day. It’s very interesting, but I’m only on chapter 2.

18. She _______ (drink) ten glasses of water!

19. I ________ (have) my dog for sixteen years.

20. Help, I ________ (lose) my wallet! How can I get home?

Surviving with Surviving with optimismoptimismEmergency workers

Let’s revise the wordsLet’s revise the words•an age limit

•a time limit

•a limit on/to smth

•to limit the speed

•to monitor the water level/radiation/ a computer/TV monitor

•to warn of a rainstorm/tornado

•a warning about

•without a warning

•broadcast messages/warnings/TV programmes

•to rescue from flood/tornado

•a rescue of children/people

•to evacuate people from

•an evacuation

•возрастной ценз

•предельный срок

•предел, граница на ….

•установить предельную скорость

•следить за уровнем воды/ радиацией/ компьютером/ телевизионным

•предупредить о ливне с ураганом/ торнадо

•предупреждение о ….

•без предупреждения

•транслировать/ передавать

•сообщения/ предупреждения/ телевизионные передачи

•спасать от наводнения / торнадо

•спасение детей/ людей

•эвакуировать людей из …

•эвакуация.

Write down some new Write down some new wordswords

to give the first aid to – оказывать первую помощь

to put in stitches – наложить швы

to give an injection – сделать укол

to transfuse blood – перелить кровь

to help (save) the injured – помочь (спасти) раненым

to undergo an operation – подвергаться операции

to be X-rayed – пройти рентген

to put on fire – тушить пожар

to send supplies – оказывать помощь

What is Emergency?There are different types of emergencies and

different kinds of emergencies need different people to help.

Emergency WorkersEmergency Workers

paramedics

policemen

firemen

rescuers

Read the text in ex. 95, p. 27