Saving Private Ryan

Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war dramafilm set during the Invasion of Normandy in World WarII. Directed by Steven Spielberg and written by RobertRodat, the film is notable for its graphic and realisticportrayal of war, and for the intensity of its opening27 minutes, which includes a depiction of the OmahaBeach assault of June 6, 1944. It follows United StatesArmy Rangers Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) anda squad (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper,VinDiesel, Giovanni Ribisi, AdamGoldberg, and JeremyDavies) as they search for a paratrooper, Private firstclass James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), who is the last-surviving brother of four servicemen.Saving Private Ryan received universal critical acclaim,winning several awards for film, cast, and crew, as wellas earning significant returns at the box office. The filmgrossed US$481.8 million worldwide, making it the sec-ond highest-grossing film of the year. The Academy ofMotion Picture Arts and Sciences nominated the filmfor 11 Academy Awards; Spielberg’s direction won hima second Academy Award for Best Director, with fourmore awards going to the film. Saving Private Ryan wasreleased on home video in May 1999, earning another$44 million from sales. In 2014, Saving Private Ryan wasselected for preservation in the National Film Registryas it was deemed “culturally, historically, or aestheticallysignificant.”[3]

1 Plot

On the morning of June 6, 1944, the beginning of theNormandy Invasion, American soldiers prepare to landon Omaha Beach. They suffer heavily from their strug-gle against German infantry, machine gun nests, and ar-tillery fire. Captain John H. Miller, a company comman-der of the 2nd Ranger Battalion, survives the initial land-ing and assembles a group of his Rangers to penetrate theGerman defenses, leading to a breakout from the beach.In Washington, D.C, at the U.S. War Department, Gen-eral George Marshall is informed that three of the fourbrothers of the Ryan family were killed in action and thattheir mother is to receive all three telegrams in the sameday. He learns that the fourth son, Private First ClassJames Francis Ryan, is a paratrooper and is missing inaction somewhere in Normandy. Marshall, after readingAbraham Lincoln's Bixby letter, orders that Ryan mustbe found and sent home immediately.Three days after D-Day, Miller receives orders to find

Ryan and bring him back from the front. He assemblessevenmen from his company—TSgt. MikeHorvath, Pri-vates Richard Reiben, Stanley Mellish, Adrian Caparzo,Danny Jackson, medic Irwin Wade—and T/5 TimothyUpham, a cartographer who speaks French and German,loaned from the 29th Infantry Division. Miller and hismen move out to Neuville; there, they meet a platoonfrom the 101st Airborne Division, and Caparzo dies af-ter being shot by a sniper. Eventually, they locate a Pri-vate James Ryan, but soon learn that he is not their man.They find a member of Ryan’s regiment who informsthem that his drop zone was at Vierville and that his andRyan’s companies had the same rally point. Once theyreach it, Miller meets a friend of Ryan’s, who reveals thatRyan is defending a strategically important bridge overtheMerderet River in the town of Ramelle. On the way toRamelle, Miller decides to neutralize a German machinegun position, despite the misgivings of his men. Wadeis fatally wounded in the ensuing skirmish, but Miller, atUpham’s urging, declines to execute a surviving Germanand sets him free on condition that he give himself up as aprisoner of war to the first Allied unit he encounters. Nolonger confident in Miller’s leadership, Reiben declareshis intention to desert the squad and the mission, prompt-ing a confrontation with Horvath. The argument heats upuntil Miller defuses the situation by disclosing his back-ground in civilian life, about which the squad had earlierset up a betting pool. Reiben then reluctantly decides tostay.Upon arrival at Ramelle, Miller and the squad come upona small group of paratroopers commanded by a CorporalHenderson, one of whom is Ryan. Ryan is told of hisbrothers’ deaths, the mission to bring him home, and thattwo men had been lost in the quest to find him. He isdistressed at the loss of his brothers, but does not con-sider it fair to go home, asking Miller to tell his motherthat he intends to stay “with the only brothers [he has]left.” Miller decides to take command and defend thebridge with what little manpower and resources are avail-able. Using his own men and the accompanying para-troopers, Miller forms ambush positions throughout theruined town for the tanks and infantry utilizing molotovs,Det cord, and “sticky bombs” made from socks and TNT.Elements of the 2nd SS Panzer Division arrive with in-fantry and armor. Paratroopers attempt to lure the armordown the first street in an effort to destroy them with theirsticky bombs, but only one Tiger tank takes the bait.In the ensuing combat both sides take heavy casualties.Nearly all of the paratroopers in Ryan’s squad are killed.

1

2 3 PRODUCTION

Jackson’s position in the church tower is compromisedand destroyed by a Tiger tank. Horvath is shot multipletimes, once in the waist area with a pistol and again inthe chest. Shortly after reaching the “Alamo” (as Millerrefers to the bridge), Horvath dies from his wounds. Aterrified Upham hides, unable to act even when he seesMellish’s life in peril. Due to his failure to distributeammunition, Mellish and Henderson’s flank is compro-mised as they deplete their ammunition. Henderson, fa-tally shot in the neck, bleeds to death. Mellish shoots theGerman who killed Henderson but, out of ammo, desper-ately struggles hand to hand with aWaffen-SS soldier whomanages to stab him with Mellish’s own bayonet. Whileattempting to blow the bridge, Miller is shot and mortallywounded by the German soldier he had set free earlier(who, contrary to his word, has evidently rejoined Ger-man forces). Just before a Tiger tank reaches the bridge,an American P-51 Mustang flies overhead and destroysthe tank, followed by American armored units which routthe remaining Germans. The German infantryman whokilled Miller raises his hands in surrender to a now furi-ous Upham, but Upham, enraged at his treachery, shootshim, and lets the other surviving Germans flee in panic.Reiben and Ryan are with Miller as he dies and sayshis last words, “James ... earn this. Earn it.” In thepresent day, an elderly Ryan and his family visit theNormandy American Cemetery and Memorial. Ryanstands at Miller’s grave and asks his wife to confirm thathe has led a good life, that he is a “good man” and thusworthy of the sacrifice of Miller and the others. His wifereplies, “You are.” At this point, Ryan stands at attentionand delivers a salute toward Miller’s grave.

2 Cast• Tom Hanks as Captain John H. Miller, companycommander, 2nd Ranger Battalion, U.S. Army

• Edward Burns as Private First Class Richard Reiben,a BAR gunner

• Tom Sizemore as Technical Sergeant Mike Horvath

• Matt Damon as Private First Class James FrancisRyan, a paratrooper

• Harrison Young as James Francis Ryan,present day

• Barry Pepper as Private Daniel Jackson, a left-handed sniper

• Adam Goldberg as Private Stanley “Fish” Mellish, arifleman

• Vin Diesel as Private First Class Adrian Caparzo, arifleman

• Giovanni Ribisi as Technician Fourth Grade IrwinWade, a medic

• Jeremy Davies as Technician Fifth Grade TimothyE. Upham, a cartographer and interpreter

• Kathleen Byron as Mrs. Ryan, present day

• Ted Danson as Captain Fred Hamill, a pathfinder

• Paul Giamatti as Staff Sergeant Hill, a paratrooper

• Dennis Farina as Lieutenant Colonel Walter Ander-son, battalion commander, 2nd Rangers

• Harve Presnell as General George C. Marshall,Chief of Staff of the United States Army

• Leland Orser as Second lieutenant DeWindt, pilotof a crashed glider

• Bryan Cranston as Colonel I.W. Bryce, an officer atthe War Department

• Nathan Fillion as Private James Frederick Ryan(“Minnesota Ryan”)

• Max Martini as Corporal Henderson, ranking para-trooper at Ramelle

• Demetri Goritsas as Private Parker, a paratrooper atRamelle

• Joerg Stadler as “Steamboat Willie”, a German sol-dier

• Dale Dye as a War Department Colonel

3 Production

3.1 Development

In 1994, Robert Rodat saw a monument in Putney Cor-ners, New Hampshire, memorializing Americans whowere killed from the American Civil War to the VietnamWar. He noticed the names of eight siblings who diedduring the American Civil War. Inspired by the story,Rodat did some research and decided to write a similarstory set in World War II. Rodat’s script was submittedto producer Mark Gordon, who liked the story but onlyaccepted the text after 11 redrafts. Gordon shared the fin-ished script with Hanks, who liked it and in turn passed italong to Spielberg to direct. A shooting date was set forJune 27, 1997.[4]

3.2 Pre-production

Before filming began, several of the film’s stars, includ-ing Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Vin Diesel, AdamGoldberg, Giovanni Ribisi, and Tom Hanks, enduredten days of “boot camp” training led by Marine veteranDale Dye andWarriors, Inc., a California-based companythat specializes in training actors for realistic military

3.4 Portrayal of history 3

portrayals.[5] Matt Damon was intentionally not broughtinto the camp, to make the rest of the group feel resent-ment towards the character.[6]

Spielberg had already demonstrated his interest in WorldWar II themes with the films 1941, Empire of the Sun,Schindler’s List, and the Indiana Jones series. Spielberglater co-produced the World War II themed televisionminiseries Band of Brothers and its counterpart The Pa-cific with Tom Hanks. When asked about this by Ameri-can Cinematographer, Spielberg said, “I think that WorldWar II is the most significant event of the last 100 years;the fate of the baby boomers and even Generation X waslinked to the outcome. Beyond that, I've just always beeninterested in World War II. My earliest films, which Imade when I was about 14 years old, were combat pic-tures that were set both on the ground and in the air. Foryears now, I've been looking for the right World War IIstory to shoot, and when Robert Rodat wrote Saving Pri-vate Ryan, I found it.”[7]

3.3 Filming

The opening and closing scenes of the film are set in theNormandy American Cemetery and Memorial.

The D-Day scenes were shot in Ballinesker Beach, Curr-acloe Strand, Ballinesker, just east of Curracloe, CountyWexford, Ireland.[8][9][10] Filming began June 27, 1997,and lasted for two months.[11][12][13] Some shooting wasdone in Normandy, for the Normandy American Ceme-tery and Memorial in Colleville-sur-Mer and Calvados.Other scenes were filmed in England, such as a for-mer British Aerospace factory in Hatfield, Hertfordshire,Thame Park, Oxfordshire and Wiltshire. Production wasdue to also take place in Seaham, County Durham, butgovernment restrictions disallowed this.[14]

3.4 Portrayal of history

Saving Private Ryan has received critical acclaim for itsrealistic portrayal of World War II combat. In partic-ular, the sequence depicting the Omaha Beach landings

was named the “best battle scene of all time” by Empiremagazine and was ranked number one on TV Guide's listof the “50 Greatest Movie Moments”.[15] The scene costUS$12 million and involved up to 1,500 extras, someof whom were members of the Irish Reserve DefenceForces. Members of local reenactment groups such as theSecond Battle Group were cast as extras to play Germansoldiers.[16] In addition, twenty to thirty actual amputeeswere used to portray American soldiers maimed dur-ing the landing.[17] Spielberg did not storyboard the se-quence, as he wanted spontaneous reactions and for “theaction to inspire me as to where to put the camera”.[18]

Saving Private Ryan was noted for its recreation of the OmahaBeach landings.

The historical representation of Charlie Company’s ac-tions, led by its commander, Captain Ralph E. Goran-son, was well maintained in the opening sequence. Thesequence and details of the events are very close to thehistorical record, including the seasickness experiencedby many of the soldiers as the landing craft moved to-ward the shoreline, significant casualties among the menas they disembarked from the boats, and difficulty linkingup with adjacent units on the shore. The distinctive sig-nature “ping” of the US soldiers M1 Garand rifles eject-ing their ammunition clips is heard throughout the battlesequence. The contextual details of the Company’s ac-tions were well maintained, for instance, the correct codenames for the sector Charlie Company assaulted, and ad-jacent sectors, were used. Included in the cinematic de-piction of the landing was a follow-on mission of clearinga bunker and trench system at the top of the cliffs whichwas not part of the original mission objectives for CharlieCompany, but which they did undertake after the assaulton the beach.[19]

The landing craft used included twelve actual World WarII examples, 10 LCVPs and 2 LCMs, standing in for theBritish LCAs that the Ranger Companies rode in to thebeach during Operation Overlord.[19][20] The filmmak-ers used underwater cameras to better depict soldiers be-ing hit by bullets in the water. Forty barrels of fakeblood were used to simulate the effect of blood in theseawater.[17] This degree of realism was more difficult to

4 4 RECEPTION

achieve when depicting World War II German armoredvehicles, as few examples survive in operating condition.The Tiger I tanks in the filmwere copies built on the chas-sis of old, but functional, Soviet T-34 tanks.[21] The twovehicles described in the film as Panzers were meant toportray Marder III tank destroyers. One was created forthe film using the chassis of a Czech-built Panzer 38(t)tank[22] similar to the construction of the original MarderIII; the other was a cosmetically modified Swedish SAVm/43 assault gun, which also used the 38(t) chassis.[23]

Inevitably, some artistic license was taken by the film-makers for the sake of drama, distorting the historical ve-racity of the film’s presentation. There are strategic andoperational, as well as tactical flaws in the film’s depictionof the Normandy campaign. There is a strategic problemin that at the time of the mission, American forces fromthe two American beach areas - Utah and Omaha - hadnot yet linked up.[24] Had such a mission been executedin reality, a Ranger team operating out of the Omahabeach area would have had to move through the heavilyenemy-occupied city of Carentan, or swim or boat acrossthe estuary linking Carentan to the channel, or transferby boat to the Utah landing area. On the other hand,US forces moving out of Utah would have had direct andmuch shorter routes, relatively unencumbered by enemypositions, and were already in contact with some teamsfrom both US airborne divisions landed in the area.[25]The Utah beach landings, however, were relatively un-contested, with assault units landing on largely unoccu-pied beaches and experiencing far less action than thelandings at Omaha.[26] The filmmakers chose to begin thenarrative with a depiction of the more dramatic story ofOmaha, despite the strategic inaccuracy of an impossi-ble mission that could easily have been pursued from theother beach area. In addition, one of the most notable ofthe operational flaws is the depiction of the 2nd SS PanzerDivision Das Reich as the adversary during the fictionalBattle of Ramelle. The 2nd SS was not engaged in Nor-mandy until July, and then at Caen against the British andCanadians, 100 miles east.[27] Furthermore, the MerderetRiver bridges were not an objective of the 101st Air-borne Division but of the 82nd Airborne Division, partof Mission Boston.[28]

Much has also been said about various “tactical errors”made by both the German and American forces in thefilm’s climactic battle. Spielberg responded, saying thatin many scenes he opted to replace sound military tac-tics and strict historical accuracy for dramatic effect.[29]Some other technical errors were also made, often cen-sored, including the mistaken reversed orientation of thebeach barriers; the tripod obstructions with a mine at theapex.To achieve a tone and quality that was true to the story aswell as reflected the period in which it is set, Spielbergonce again collaborated with cinematographer JanuszKamiński, saying, “Early on, we both knew that we didnot want this to look like a Technicolor extravaganza

about World War II, but more like color newsreel footagefrom the 1940s, which is very desaturated and low-tech.”Kamiński had the protective coating stripped from thecamera lenses, making them closer to those used in the1940s. He explains that “without the protective coating,the light goes in and starts bouncing around, which makesit slightly more diffused and a bit softer without beingout of focus.” The cinematographer completed the over-all effect by putting the negative through bleach bypass, aprocess that reduces brightness and color saturation. Theshutter timing was set to 90 or 45 degrees for many ofthe battle sequences, as opposed to the standard of 180-degree timing. Kamiński clarifies, “In this way, we at-tained a certain staccato in the actors’ movements anda certain crispness in the explosions, which makes themslightly more realistic.”[30]

4 Reception

4.1 Box office

Saving Private Ryan was a critical and commercial suc-cess and is credited with contributing to a resurgencein America’s interest in World War II. Old and newfilms, video games, and novels about the war enjoyedrenewed popularity after its release.[31] The film’s useof desaturated colors, hand-held cameras, and tight an-gles has profoundly influenced subsequent films and videogames.[32][33] Saving Private Ryan was released in 2,463theaters on July 24, 1998, and grossed $30.5 million onits opening weekend. The film grossed $216.5 millionin North America and $265.3 million in other territories,bringing its worldwide total to $481.8 million andmakingit the highest-grossing domestic film of the year.[1]

4.2 Critical response

The film received critical acclaim and has a 'certifiedfresh' rating of 92% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 130reviews with an average score of 8.6 out of 10. The con-sensus states “Anchored by another winning performancefrom Hanks, Spielberg’s unflinchingly realistic war filmvirtually redefines the genre.”[34] The film also has a scoreof 90 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 34 reviews indi-cating “universal acclaim”.[35]

Much of the praise went for the realistic battle scenes[36]and the actors’ performances.[37] It earned some criti-cism for ignoring the contributions of several other coun-tries to the D-Day landings in general and at OmahaBeach specifically.[38] The most direct example of thelatter is that during the actual landing the 2nd Rangersdisembarked from British ships and were taken to Om-aha Beach by Royal Navy landing craft (LCAs). Thefilm depicts them as being United States Coast Guard-crewed craft (LCVPs and LCMs) from anAmerican ship,

4.4 Television broadcasts 5

the USS Thomas Jefferson (APA-30).[19][39][40] This crit-icism was far from universal with other critics recogniz-ing the director’s intent to make an “American” film.[41]The film was not released in Malaysia after Spielberg re-fused to cut the violent scenes;[42] however, the film wasfinally released there on DVD with an 18SG certificatemuch later in 2005. Many critics associations, such asNewYork Film Critics Circle and Los Angeles Film Crit-ics Association, chose Saving Private Ryan as Film of theYear.[43] Roger Ebert gave it four stars out of four andcalled it “a powerful experience”.[37]

Filmmaker Quentin Tarantino has expressed admirationfor the film and has cited it as an influence on his2009 film, Inglourious Basterds.[44] Conversely, film di-rector and military veteran Oliver Stone has accused thefilm of promoting “the worship of World War II as thegood war,” and has lumped it alongside films such asGladiator and Black Hawk Down that he believes werewell-made, but may have inadvertently contributed toAmericans’ readiness for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[45]In defense of the film’s portrait of warfare, Brian DePalma commented, “The level of violence in somethinglike Saving Private Ryan makes sense because Spielbergis trying to show something about the brutality of whathappened.”[46]

Actor Richard Todd, who performed in The Longest Dayand was amongst the first of the Allied soldiers to land inNormandy, said the film was “Rubbish. Overdone.”[47]American academic Paul Fussell, who saw combat inFrance during World War II, objected to what he de-scribed as, “the way Spielberg’s Saving Private Ryan, af-ter an honest, harrowing, 15-minute opening visualizingdetails of the unbearable bloody mess at Omaha Beach,degenerated into a harmless, uncritical patriotic perfor-mance apparently designed to thrill 12-year-old boys dur-ing the summer bad-film season. Its genre was pure cow-boys and Indians, with the virtuous cowboys of coursevictorious.”[48]

OtherWorldWar II veterans, however, stated that the filmwas the most realistic depiction of combat they had everseen.[49] The film was so realistic that combat veterans ofD-Day and Vietnam left theaters rather than finish watch-ing the opening scene depicting the Normandy invasion.Their visits to posttraumatic stress disorder counselorsrose in number after the film’s release, and many coun-selors advised "'more psychologically vulnerable'" veter-ans to avoid watching it.[50]

4.3 Awards

The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards,with wins for Best Cinematography, Best Sound, BestSound Effects Editing, Best Film Editing, and Best Di-rector for Spielberg, but lost the Best Picture awardto Shakespeare in Love, being one of a few that havewon the Best Director award without also winning Best

Picture.[51][52] The Academy’s decision to not award thefilmwith the Best Picture Oscar has resulted in much crit-icism in recent years, many of whom believe it is one ofthe biggest Oscar snubs.[53][54]

The film also won the Golden Globes for Best Picture –Drama and Director, the BAFTA Award for Special Ef-fects and Sound, theDirectors Guild ofAmericaAward, aGrammy Award for Best Film Soundtrack, the ProducersGuild of America Golden Laurel Award, and the SaturnAward for Best Action, Adventure, or Thriller Film.[43]The American Film Institute has included Saving PrivateRyan in many of its lists, ranking it as the 78th greatestAmerican movie in AFI’s 100 Years...100 Movies (10thAnniversary Edition),[55] as well as the 45thmost thrillingfilm in AFI’s 100 Years...100 Thrills,[56] the 10thmost in-spiring in AFI’s 100 Years...100 Cheers,[57] and the eightbest epic film in "AFI’s 10 Top 10".[58]

4.4 Television broadcasts

On Veterans Day from 2001–2004, the American Broad-casting Company aired the film uncut and with limitedcommercial interruption. The network airings were givena TV-MA rating, as the violent battle scenes and the pro-fanity were left intact. The 2004 airing was marred bypre-emptions in many markets because of the language,in the backlash of Super Bowl XXXVIII's halftime showcontroversy.[59] However, critics and veterans’ groupssuch as the American Legion and the Veterans of For-eign Wars assailed those stations and their owners, in-cluding Hearst-Argyle Television (owner of 12 ABC af-filiates); Scripps Howard Broadcasting (owner of six);and Belo (owner of four) for putting profits ahead ofprogramming and honoring those who gave their lives atwartime, saying the stations made more money runningtheir own programming instead of being paid by the net-work to carry the film, especially during a sweeps period.A total of 65 ABC affiliates—28% of the network—didnot clear the available timeslot for the film, even withthe offer of The Walt Disney Company, ABC’s parent,to pay all fines for language to the Federal Communi-cations Commission.[60] In the end, however, no com-plaints were lodged against ABC affiliates who showedRyan, perhaps because even conservative watchdogs likethe Parents Television Council supported the unedited re-broadcast of the film.[61] Additionally, some ABC affil-iates in other markets that were near affected markets,such as Youngstown, Ohio ABC affiliate WYTV (whichis viewable in parts of the Columbus, Cleveland, andPittsburgh markets, none of which aired the film), stillaired the film and gave those nearby markets the optionof viewing the film.[62] TNT and Turner Classic Movieshave also broadcast the film.[63][64]

6 6 REFERENCES

4.5 Home video

The film was released on home video in May 1999 witha VHS release that earned over $44 million.[65] TheDVD release became available in November of the sameyear,[66] and was one of the best-selling titles of the year,with over 1.5 million units sold.[67] The DVD was re-leased in two separate versions: one with Dolby Digitaland the other with DTS 5.1 surround sound. Besides thedifferent 5.1 tracks, the two DVDs are identical. The filmwas also issued in a very limited 2-disc LaserDisc releasein November 1999, making it one of the very last fea-ture films to ever be issued in this format, as LaserDiscsceased manufacturing and distribution by the year’s end,due in part to the growing popularity of DVDs.[68]

In 2004, a Saving Private Ryan special edition DVD wasreleased to commemorate the 60th anniversary of D-Day.This two-disc edition was also included in a box set titledWorld War II Collection, along with two documentariesproduced by Spielberg, Price For Peace (about the PacificWar) and Shooting War (about war photographers, nar-rated by Tom Hanks).[69] The film was released on Blu-ray Disc on April 26, 2010 in the UK and on May 4,2010 in the US, as part of Paramount Home Video's pre-mium Sapphire Series.[70] However, only weeks after itsrelease, Paramount issued a recall due to audio synchro-nization problems. The studio issued an official statementacknowledging the problem, which they attributed to anauthoring error by Technicolor that escaped the qualitycontrol process, and that they had already begun the pro-cess of replacing the defective discs.[71]

5 See also• FUBAR

• List of World War II films

• List of films considered the best

• Niland brothers

• Saving Private Ryan (soundtrack)

• The Big Red One, a 1980 World War II film with asimilar Omaha Beach landing scene.

6 References[1] “Saving Private Ryan”. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved

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[2] “Saving Private Ryan”. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April8, 2010.

[3] Grow, Kory (December 17, 2014). "'Big Lebowski,' 'Fer-ris Bueller’s Day Off' Added to National Film Registry”.Rolling Stone.

[4] Gordinier, Jeff (July 24, 1998). “Message in a Battle”.Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[5] “Boot Camp”. Behind the Scenes. Retrieved September5, 2008.

[6] “Excluded field training”. WarriorsInc.

[7] “Five Star General”. American Cinematographer OnlineMagazine. August 1998. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[8] “Omaha Beach”. Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclope-dia. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[9] “Dog One”. Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclopedia.Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[10] “Saving Private Ryan”. The Irish Film & Television Net-work. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[11] “Private Ryan' expo”. Wexford People. June 6, 2007. Re-trieved September 5, 2008.

[12] “Ryan’s slaughter”. Independent. August 3, 1998. Re-trieved September 5, 2008.

[13] “Saving Private Ryan”. Britannia Film Archives. Re-trieved September 5, 2008.

[14] “Saving Private Ryan”. Sunderland Echo. November 2,1999.

[15] “50 Greatest Movie Moments”. TV Guide. March 24,2001. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[16] “Roaring back to the forties”. Matlock Mercury. August6, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[17] “How we made the best movie battle scene ever”. Inde-pendent. June 7, 2006. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[18] “Steven Spielberg Goes To War”. Empire. Retrieved Jan-uary 17, 2010.

[19] Saving Private Ryan: Company C, 2nd Ranger Battalion.Sproe.com. Retrieved September 8, 2011.

[20] Saving Private Ryan: LCM (3). Sproe.com (April 11,2009). Retrieved September 8, 2011.

[21] “Ryan Tigers”. Second Battle Group. Retrieved Septem-ber 5, 2008.

[22] “Marders”. Second Battle Group. Retrieved September5, 2008.

[23] Reproductions of Panzers based on modernTanks.shadock.free.fr. Last update: March 9, 2010

[24] On June 12, 1944, three days after the fictional Ryanmission was to begin, Carentan was finally captured af-ter heavy fighting, and US forces operating out of thetwo beaches finally linked up. See Messenger, Charles,The Chronological Atlas of World War Two (New York:Macmillan Publishing, 1989), 182.

[25] Ryan, Cornelius, The Longest Day: June 6, 1944 (NewYork: Popular Library, 1959), 286-8.

7

[26] Out of 23,000 men landed at Utah, only 197 were casu-alties on the first day, compared to 55,000 men landed atOmaha with 4,649 casualties. See Messenger, 181.

[27] “Normandy and Falaise—April to August 1944”. Das Re-ich. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010.Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[28] “U.S. Airborne in Cotentin Peninsula”. D-Day: Etats desLieux. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[29] Sunshine, Linda (July 24, 1998). Saving Private Ryan, TheMen, The Mission, The Movie: A Steven Spielberg Movie.Newmarket Press. ISBN 1-55704-371-X.

[30] “Combat Footage”. Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclo-pedia. Retrieved September 8, 2008.

[31] Desowitz, Bill (May 20, 2001). “Cover Story; It’s the In-vasion of the WWII Movies”. Los Angeles Times.

[32] Nix (May 25, 2002). “Saving Private Ryan (1998) MovieReview”. Beyond Hollywood. Retrieved September 5,2008.

[33] Tom Chick (December 8, 2008). “A Close Encounterwith Steven Spielberg”. Yahoo!. Archived from the orig-inal on December 11, 2008. Retrieved December 11,2008.

[34] “Saving Private Ryan”. Rotten Tomatoes. July 24, 1998.Retrieved December 15, 2015.

[35] “Saving Private Ryan”. Metacritic. Retrieved December15, 2015.

[36] Turan, Kenneth (July 24, 1998). “Saving Private Ryanreview”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the originalon September 29, 2007.

[37] “Saving Private Ryan”. Roger Ebert. Retrieved Septem-ber 5, 2008.

[38] “Saving Private Ryan — Film Review”. Total Film. Re-trieved September 5, 2008.

[39] “Veterans riled by Ryan”. BBC. March 19, 1999. Re-trieved September 5, 2008.

[40] “LCM”. Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclopedia. Re-trieved September 5, 2008.

[41] Reynolds, Matthew. “Saving Private Ryan”. Channel 4.Archived from the original on January 6, 2007. RetrievedSeptember 6, 2008.

[42] “Malaysia bans Spielberg’s Prince”. BBC. January 27,1999. Retrieved September 5, 2008.

[43] “Awards for Saving Private Ryan”. Internet MovieDatabase. Retrieved September 6, 2008.

[44] Quentin Tarantino’s favorite WWII movies – Film – TimeOut New York. Time Out. (August 18, 2009). RetrievedSeptember 8, 2011.

[45] David D'Arcy (May 25, 2010). “The world according toOliver Stone ". The National. Abu Dhabi. Retrieved May11, 2012.

[46] “Film Scouts Interviews”. Filmscouts.com. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2013.

[47] Meeke, Kieran. “60 seconds interview: Richard Todd”.Metro. Retrieved April 24, 2011.

[48] Fussell Paul. “Uneasy Company”. Slate. Retrieved De-cember 21, 2015.

[49] Basinger, Jeanine (October 1998). “TranslatingWar: TheCombat Film Genre and Saving Private Ryan”. Perspec-tives, the Newsmagazine of the American Historical Asso-ciation.

[50] Halton, Beau (August 15, 1998). "'Saving Private Ryan'is too real for some”. The Florida Times-Union (Jack-sonville, Florida). Retrieved June 12, 2011.

[51] “1999Oscars Ceremony”. AMPAS. Retrieved September5, 2008.

[52] Young, Josh (April 9, 1999). “Why did Private Ryan fal-ter?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the originalon June 19, 2007. Retrieved May 21, 2015.

[53] Susman, Gary (February 20, 2013). “Oscar Robbery: 10Controversial Best Picture Races”. Time. Retrieved May21, 2015.

[54] Hyman, Nick (February 22, 2011). “The Least DeservingBest Picture Winners Since 1990”. Metacritic. RetrievedMay 21, 2015.

[55] “AFI’s 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edi-tion)". American Film Institute. 2007. Retrieved Octo-ber 23, 2010.

[56] “AFI’s 100 Years... 100 Thrills”. American Film Insti-tute. 2001. Retrieved September 5, 2010.

[57] “AFI’s 100 Years... 100 Cheers”. American Film Insti-tute. Retrieved September 5, 2010.

[58] “AFI’s 10 Top 10: Top 10 Epic”. American Film Institute.2008. Retrieved October 23, 2010.

[59] Oldenburg, Ann (November 11, 2004). “Some stationsshelved 'Private Ryan' amid FCC fears”. USA Today. Re-trieved September 5, 2008.

[60] Martin, Ed (November 17, 2004). “Return of Janet Jack-son’s Breast; “Saving Private Ryan” Controversy”. medi-aVillage. Archived from the original on March 26, 2008.Retrieved April 17, 2010.

[61] Sussman, Gary (November 11, 2004). “War of Attrition”.Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 7, 2009.

[62] Wood, Andrea (November 12, 2004). “Scaring PrivateRyan: 20 ABC Affiliates Nix Movie”. The Business Jour-nal. Retrieved December 15, 2015.

[63] Scott, Mike (September 5, 2008). “TNT to show 'SavingPrivate Ryan' in HD”. The Times-Picayune. RetrievedDecember 15, 2015.

[64] Axmaker, Sean. “Saving Private Ryan”. Turner ClassicMovies. Retrieved December 15, 2015.

8 8 EXTERNAL LINKS

[65] Graser, Marc (July 29, 1999). "'Ryan’s' next attack: sell-through market”. Variety. Retrieved September 6, 2008.

[66] “Dreamworks’ Saving Private Ryan DVD press release”.September 13, 1999. Retrieved September 6, 2008.

[67] “The Matrix disc soars beyond 3 million mark”. January8, 2000. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007.Retrieved September 6, 2008.

[68] Kelley III, Bill (July 22, 1999). "'Private Ryan' Is A No-Show On DVD Format”. Virginian-Pilot.

[69] “Saving Private Ryan: D-Day 60th Anniversary Com-memorative Edition review”. IGN. May 26, 2004. Re-trieved September 6, 2008.

[70] “Saving Private Ryan Blu-ray Announced”. Blu-ray.com.February 8, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2010.

[71] Lawler, Richard (May 14, 2010). “Saving Private RyanBlu-ray discs recalled due to audio glitch”. Engadget. Re-trieved February 1, 2013.

7 Further reading• Kershaw, Alex (May 11, 2004). The Bedford Boys:One American Town’s Ultimate D-day Sacrifice. DaCapo Press. ISBN 0-306-81355-6.

• Lefebvre, Laurent (September 2008). 29th Division... a division of heroes. American d-Day. ISBN 2-9519963-9-X.

• Lefebvre, Laurent (June 1, 2004). They Were onOmaha Beach. American d-Day. ISBN 2-9519963-5-7.

• Ryan, Cornelius (1959). The Longest Day: June 6,1944. Popular Library. ISBN 0-445-08380-8.

8 External links• Saving Private Ryan at the Internet Movie Database

• Saving Private Ryan at AllMovie

• Saving Private Ryan at Box Office Mojo

• Saving Private Ryan at Rotten Tomatoes

• American D-day informational web-site

• 29th Infantry Division Historical Society informa-tional web-site

• Omaha Beach at Encyclopædia Britannica

9

9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1 Text• Saving Private Ryan Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan?oldid=696343024 Contributors: Bryan Derksen, Tar-

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