sarah shreeves university of illinois at urbana-champaign penn state faculty forensic - april 29,...
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Sarah ShreevesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Penn State Faculty Forensic - April 29, 2011
CONVERSATIONS BEFORE CONVERTS: ENGAGING RESEARCHERS IN OPEN
ACCESS ISSUES
“My goal is now to have a conversation not a convert.”
“Scientific publishers should be terrified that some of the world’s best scientists, people at or near their research peak, …
are spending hundreds of hours each year creating original research content
for their blogs, content that in many cases would be difficult or impossible to
publish in a conventional journal.
By comparison, journals are standing still.”
Michael Nielsen, “Is scientific publishing about to be disrupted?”, blog post on The future of science, June 29, 2009
WHAT ABOUT LIBRARIES?
OUTLINE
Background
Openness
How to engage researchers in OA issues
Questions and comments
BACKGROUND
disruption:
economic model proved unsustainable
Steelmakers Auto manufacturers Consumers
Steel
$$
Cars
$
Typical economy
Library
Gift economy
P&TGrantsReputationPrestige
Author
JournalArticle + IP
Publisher$$
S
Publisher
©
wholesale transfer of rights
creates scarcity/monopoly
drives prices up(inelastic market)
Source: Reed Elsevier : The Inevi table Crunch Point - Downgrading to Underperform Because of Growing Concerns on E lsevier Bernste inResearch March 10, 2011 http: / /www.sparceurope.org/resources/general -advocacy-mater ia ls /EndoftheBigDeal .pdf /v iew
UNSUSTAINABLE FOR
PUBLISHERS TOO
disruption:
Web
Formulation
Registration
Certification
Dissemination
Preservation
Reformulation
ITERATIONS IN THE SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONS LIFE CYCLE
AcademicLibraryPublisher
Editor
Peer Reviewers
Formula-tion
Manuscript & IP
Dissemination and Preservation
Registration and Certification
Reformulation
FormulationRegistrationDisseminationReformulation
Publishers
editor
Peer-reviewers
Libraries
Disaggregation of traditional system is in process…
Function Old New
Formulation Alone or in laboratory with graduate students and colleagues
and…With colleagues all over the web
Registration Journal submissionBook publicationConference presentationWorking paper / Technical Report
and…BlogsDisciplinary repositoriesOpen notebooks / open data
Certification Publishers through peer reviewUniversities indirectly through promotion and tenure
and…Accuracy/good science review (PloS One)Open peer reviewData requirements
Dissemination LibrariesPublishers – journals and
monographsScholarly societies thru
publications & conferencesAbstract and Indexing Services
and…BlogsRepositoriesGoogle Funding agency mandates
Preservation Libraries andCollaborations like Portico & Hathi TrustDisciplinary / institutional repositoriesPublishers
disruption:
Open Movement
OPENNESS
Open to contributions and participation
Open and free to access
Open to use & reuse w/few or no restrictions
Transparency
Open to indexing and machine readable
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY OPEN?
PARTICIPATEin
BUILDING and
CONTRIBUTE
EXPERTISE
AS OPPOSED TO…
OPEN and FREE TO ACCESS
AS OPPOSED TO…
OPEN TO USE and REUSE WITH FEW or NO RESTRICTIONS
AS OPPOSED TO…
TRANSPARENCY
AS OPPOSED TO…
OPEN TO MACHINE READING, INDEXING, and PROCESSING
Click icon to add picture
AS OPPOSED TO…
Generally enabled by technology
Works both inside and outside of traditional models
Supported by a variety of business models
COMMONALITIES
Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.
- Peter Suber
OPEN ACCESS
GRATIS AND LIBRE
Gratis: You can read it for free. Anything else, you better ask permission.
Libre: With credit given, OK to text-mine, re-catalog, mirror for preservation, quote, remix, whatever.
Most OA is gratis. You get to “libre” via Creative Commons licensing, usually.Definitions from Dorothea Salo
‘TWO ROADS’ TO OPEN ACCESS
Open Access Publishing
(journals & books)‘gold’
Archiving(self, institutional,
disciplinary)‘green’
Publication that is free & open for anyone to access on internet
Journals or books!
6355 OA journals according to Directory of Open Access Journals (as of April 2011)
Journals across all disciplines Share common features with toll access journals
Supported by variety of models Institution / funder supported OR author-supported (2006 – 47%
author supported)
Generally allow authors to retain copyright and/or license under creative commons
OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING (‘GOLD’)
Has taken time for impact factors and reputation to build
Business models still emerging
Author-pays model has better traction in the STM community
ISSUES AND QUESTIONS
Literature published through traditional channels that is made openly available through deposit in a repository or placing on web site
Institutional, departmental, or discipline based repository
Supported by wide range of business models
Range of publisher policies on deposit
OPEN ACCESS VIA ARCHIVING/REPOSITORIES
(‘GREEN’)
Sustainability sometimes an issue
Participation of faculty (particularly for institutional) Discipline based repositories often rooted in cultures used to
sharing
Often include a range of material including student work, grey literature, theses and dissertations, etc.
For published literature, what can be deposited confusing (post print, pre print, published version?)
Copyright issues murky and (often) frustrating
ISSUES AND QUESTIONS
HYBRID MODELS
Publisher Price Notes
Elsevier Sponsored Article $3,000 Some journals
Oxford Open $3,000 Some journals; lower price if author is from a developing country
Springer Open Choice $3,000 All journals
Wiley OnlineOpen $3,000 Some journals; fees vary
American Chemical Society AuthorChoice
$1,000 – 3,000 Lowest price if institution subscribes & have personal membership
Plant Physiology $1,500/ $500 / Free
OA free for members of ASPB; Discount if non-member but institution subscribes
Mixed business model – subscriptions and author pays on an article by article basis – uncomfortable for many
Relatively low adoption (generally around 1-2%)
What impact on subscription prices?
Many libraries with funds for faculty to publish in OA journals will not fund these articles
ISSUES AND QUESTIONS
Public should have ready and
easy access to taxpayer
funded research
Many legislative efforts in US to halt and expand
this.
PUBLIC ACCESS MANDATES
Harvard (Faculty of Arts and Sciences, College of Law)
MITKansasOberlinDuke
And many others…
http://roarmap.eprints.org
INSTITUTIONAL OPEN ACCESS POLICIES
OPEN EDUCATION
OPEN BOOKS
OPEN PEER REVIEW
Open access to data not just papers
The rate of discovery is accelerated by better access to data
Actionable data
Funder mandates around management and sharing of data (in some cases)
OPEN DATA
OPEN SCIENCE
YET…
HOW TO ENGAGE FACULTY IN OA
ISSUES
WHY ENGAGE WITH FACULTY?
Because they are the producers and the consumers of the products of scholarly communication
Because they edit journals, sit on editorial boards, provide peer review, and are offi cers of scholarly societies
Because they are the movers behind many new models of scholarship (often because of their own frustrations with the traditional model)
Because they can make change in ways that libraries struggle to do on their own
1. DO YOUR HOMEWORK
What are the practices in a particular discipline?
How does the scholarly society(s) approach scholarly publishing and communication?
What’s the culture in the department and college?
What are promotion and tenure requirements?
EXAMPLE: HISTORY DEPT AT ILLINOIS
54.68%
24.15%
19.40%
1.22% 0.27% 0.14% 0.14%
Journal articleBook wholeBook section Conference paperReportRecording moving imageRecording sound
• Cambridge University Press (46)• Wiley Blackwell (42)• Duke University Press (37)• University of Chicago Press (37)• Oxford University Press (30)• Routledge (30)• Johns Hopkins University
Press (27)• University of Illinois Press (24)• Sage Publications (19)
TOP PUBLISHERS FOR HISTORY
EXAMPLE: HISTORY DEPT AT ILLINOIS
Several editors of journals on facultyNo disciplinary repository / no history of ‘pre-
prints’ per se but seminars where working papers shared seemed common
Suspicious of depositing anything but the authoritative version of article into repository
Decline of monographs/univ presses concern for many
Some concern that their research wasn’t exposed and some concern about control of their research
Some interested in digital humanities but wouldn’t try it until tenure was received
2. DON’T CRAFT A SINGLE MESSAGE
SPEAK TO THE DISCIPLINE
Give faculty examples of changes and new models from other similar disciplines
Talk about how changes in other disciplines will have impact on theirs.
Bring faculty advocates (in same or similar disciplines) from other campuses to speak.
Include scholarly communication in subject librarians positions & service models
• Negotiate for OA of faculty work when negotiating license agreements
• Provide support for funders OA mandates
• Provide central funding for publishing in OA journals
• Support OA initiatives such as arXiv and SCOAP3
• Provide publishing support
3. PROVIDE SYSTEM SUPPORT
4. AUTHOR RIGHTS ARE CRITICAL
A researcher may not care about OAbut they might about control of their work
You (may) lose your:
Right to make copies Right to distribute copies Right to make derivative works Right to archive the published copy
into a disciplinary or institutional repository
“The Author(s) assigns to Publisher exclusive copyright and related rights in the Article, including the right to publish the Work in all forms and media including print and all other forms of electronic publication or any other types of publication including subsidiary rights in all languages.”
5. ENGAGE STUDENTS
Negotiate copyright / publication agreements
Publish with Open Access Publishers
Self-archive (in disciplinary or institutional repository)
Lobby our associations and societies to consider OA and more liberal copyright policies
Encourage our colleagues to do the same
6. EAT OUR OWN DOG FOOD
7. EDUCATE AND ADVOCATE BUT WATCH OUR LANGUAGE
“My goal is now to have a conversation not a convert.”
Questions?Comments?
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Photo used under a Creat ive Commons 3.0 Attr ibut ion-Share Al ike 3.0 l icense
Pieces of th is work were created by Lee Van Orsdel , Mol ly Kleinman, and Sarah Shreeves for the ACRL Scholar ly Communicat ions Roadshow 101 and were modifi ed by Sarah Shreeves for this presentat ion. I t was last updated Apr i l 28, 2011.
It is l icensed under the Creat ive Commons Attr ibut ion-Noncommercia l -Share Al ike 3.0 United States L icense. http: / /creat ivecommons.org/ l icenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
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