SANITATION CAMPAIGN OF KERALA

Suchitwa (Sanitation) Mission

Local Self Government Dept

Govt. of Kerala

Sanitation- a critical component of human well-being

- a mandatory ingredient to fundamental right

- both obligation and right of people- a way of life essential for healthy life

Package of Practices1. Personal hygiene

2. Safe disposal of human excreta

3. Home sanitation and food hygiene

4. Community environmental sanitation

5. Safe handling of drinking water

6. Liquid waste management

7. Solid waste management

CURRENT STATUS

Household sanitary latrines: Access to Sanitation facilities

98.398.392.092.090.090.07373Urban households with toilets (%)Urban households with toilets (%)94.994.981.381.373.473.44444Rural households with toilet (%)Rural households with toilet (%)

20052005(4)(4)20012001(3)(3)19951995(2)(2)19911991(1)(1)Time LineTime Line

Source – (1) Census of India, 1991, (2) NSSO 1995 (3) Census of India 2001 (4) NFHS 3rd round - 2005

CURRENT STATUS

School Sanitation status

747480.1280.1279.0679.0669.5969.59% of schools having toilets% of schools having toilets3334333479079075975917851785No. of Schools having toiletsNo. of Schools having toilets4511451198698696096025652565No. of Govt. SchoolsNo. of Govt. SchoolsTotalTotalHSHSUPUPLPLPItemItem

TSC TARGET & ACHIEVEMENTTSC TARGET & ACHIEVEMENT

858583839898RSMRSM--PCPC

595964764710901090Sanitary Sanitary complexcomplex

5151254725474957495730%30%BalwadiBalwadi toilettoilet

7474265126513600360026%26%School toiletSchool toilet

9090970885970885107374210737425.1% 5.1% IHHLIHHL

%%AchievementAchievementTargetTargetObjectiveObjectiveItemItem

NIRMAL GRAM PURASKARNIRMAL GRAM PURASKAR

20052005-- 1 1 GramaGrama PanchayatPanchayat

20062006-- 6 6 GramaGrama PanchayatPanchayat

20072007-- 219 219 GramaGrama PanchayatPanchayat& 6 Block & 6 Block PanchayatPanchayat

2008 2008 -- Applied for 637 Applied for 637 GramaGrama PanchayatPanchayat110 Block 110 Block PanchayatPanchayat

& 7 District & 7 District PanchayatPanchayat

BALANCE: 136 GP; 36 BP; 7 GPBALANCE: 136 GP; 36 BP; 7 GP

GP- 25 Km2 Area

GP- 25000 Population

Waste generation scenario in KeralaWaste generation scenario in Kerala

8338833874417441Total Waste Generation in KeralaTotal Waste Generation in Kerala

531253121871872441120024411200471547152002002357444923574449999999PanchayatsPanchayats

193519352682682828030282803017431743300300273109327310935353MunicipalitiesMunicipalities

10911091465465254381225438129839834004002456618245661855CorporationsCorporations

Total Total WasteWaste20062006(tpd)(tpd)

ProjectedProjectedWasteWaste

GenerationGeneration((g/d/perg/d/per))

ProjectedProjectedPopulationPopulation

20062006

Total Total Waste Waste (tpd) (tpd)

WasteWasteGenerationGeneration

((g/d/perg/d/per))

PopulationPopulation20012001

(After SEUF, 2007)

Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

Urbanized Grama Panchayats

Urban Pockets

Waste generating sources

Markets, Hospitals, Hotels, other institutions

All GPs addressed- Vision document & appraoch

Thrust on Urbanized Panchayats

Thrust on Waste generating sources

Technical & Financial Support to GPs

Solid waste treatment facilities at 126 GPs

On IEC

Intervention in Education sector

Library movement

People’s Science Movement- Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishat

- Grama Pathram (Village News Paper)

- Annual Kalajatha (Art procession)

- Campaign on Environmental issues

- Campaign on Health

- Enthusing other NGOs

Old Panchayat & Development Block & Village Extension Officers

On IEC

Constitutional Amendment - Devolution of Power

- GP, the Local Government

- Literacy movement

- Participatory Resource Mapping

- Participatory Local Level Planning

- People’s Plan Campaign

- Institutional Reforms

On IEC

IEC Project- 2001-04- Trivandrum, Alappuzha, Malappuram

UNICEF Project- CDD-WATSAN, Alappuzha dist

UNICEF Support- IEC, Training, Material preparation

NGO Participation- KSSP, SEUF, PCO

Institutions- Local Governments, KWA, KRWSSA, Social welfare dept., Kudumbasree (Poverty Eradication Mission)

Multilateral Agencies-

UNICEF, WSP-SA

SEUF (RNE support, Staff support, Model building)

CED- IEC

Liquid Waste ManagementExtremely low sewerage facilities- probably the lowest

coverage in the country

30% coverage in Thiruvananthapuram; 5% coverage in Kochi

Unscientific practice of removal of septic tank waste by vacuum suction

Hospital Waste ManagementInfectious waste (10%); Toxic waste (5%); General waste (85%)

IMA facility for bio-medical waste- 129 tonne/month

IMA facility coverage- 1129 hospitals (70 govt.); 32918 beds

No. of Health Care Institutions- 5095 (136699 beds)

Emerging challenge-Incidences of Communicable Disease and Morbidity

580000

600000

620000

640000

660000

680000

700000

720000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Dis

ease

s

0

50

100

150

200

250

Dea

th CasesDeath

Emerging challenges

Sanitary latrine coverageLandless & tiny land holders

Technological challenge in low lying areas

Tribal areas

First generation toilets are of inappropriate design

Toilets overhanging water bodies

Harmful effects to drinking water sources

Baby-friendly, women friendly and disabled friendly toilets

Toilets in public places

Emerging challenges

Solid waste managementLow response to segregated storage of waste at source

Waste characteristics- Technological challenge

Change in waste character

Reducing level of household composting practices

Increasing plastic & e-waste

NIMBY Syndrome

Managerial issues- Storage, Collection, Transportation, Processing & Safe disposal

Land availability

Human Resource Development & Capacity building

Emerging challenges

Liquid waste managementInadequate attention to grey water disposal at household &

institutional levels

Filling up of drainage channels; water stagnation, breeding of disease causing vectors

Urban flash floods

Problems/Constraints

Population density

Land constraints

Conflicts & Agitations

Rural-Urban Continuum

Climatic characteristics

Waste characteristics(70-80% Biodegradables)

Prospects

Homested habitation

(6298055 holdings)

Preference to household systems

Community systems (NHGs, CO)

Institutional systems (LSGIs)

Enforcement possibilities

Specific Initiatives•Mission approach

•Intensive sanitation campaign- October 2006; May 2007, July 2007; October 2007 & April-May 2008

•Extensive & participative surveys in 999 GPs- Scenario appraisal

•Vision document & approach paper

•Special Gramasabha on sanitation- 1.6 million people attended

•District level Technical Support Group (420 experts)

•Health Promotion Teams (One male & one female volunteer)

•Popular committees (40%)

Specific Initiatives•Status study for Urban areas

•Handbook for preparing action plans on sanitation

•Technical manual on solid waste management

•Standard, specifications, O&M protocols, contract conditions for technology options

•Restructuring on TSC to include solid waste management

•Thrust on solid waste management & sewerage in mega projects under KSUDP, JNNURM & UIDSSMT

•Ban on the use of certain plastic materials

•Best practices

•Media initiatives

Action plan- Operational strategy•Coverage of Sanitary latrines

•Initiatives in Solid waste management

•Households, Institutions, Public facilities, Common facility

•Slaughter houses & chicken stalls

•Public places, tourism, pilgrim centres

•Enforcement

•Liquid waste management

•Household systems

•Drainage facilities

•Community systems

Elements of Action PlanInstitutional reform

Participatory planning

Setting up working groups

Expert Consultation

Preparation of Detailed Project Reports

Vetting of proposals

Capacity building

Regulatory framework

Monitoring system

⅓⅓rd of the households and rd of the households and institutions to be covered in institutions to be covered in each of the next three yearseach of the next three years

c) Putting in place household c) Putting in place household and institutional waste and institutional waste treatment systems treatment systems

One year One year b) Total coverage of latrines b) Total coverage of latrines in public institutions like in public institutions like AnganwadisAnganwadis, School and , School and Hospitals Hospitals

Nine monthsNine monthsa) Total coverage IHHLa) Total coverage IHHL

Time frameTime frameOutputs/MilestonesOutputs/Milestones

During the Eleventh Five During the Eleventh Five Year Plan periodYear Plan period

f) Development of common f) Development of common sanitary landsanitary land--fill sites for fill sites for inert waste as required inert waste as required

⅓⅓rd of the local rd of the local governments to achieve this governments to achieve this in each of the next three in each of the next three years years

e) Developing decentralized e) Developing decentralized common treatment common treatment facilities facilities

Within one year Within one year d)d) Segregation of Segregation of household and household and institutional waste institutional waste

Present coverage to be Present coverage to be tripled in five yearstripled in five years

j)j) Extending sewerage Extending sewerage facilities facilities

A perspective plan to be A perspective plan to be prepared in two years prepared in two years

i)i) Plan for liquid waste Plan for liquid waste managementmanagement

All major town All major town centrescentres, , pilgrim/tourist pilgrim/tourist centrescentres, , markets, street and public markets, street and public institutions to be covered in institutions to be covered in three years three years

h)h) Introducing litterIntroducing litter--free free public placespublic places

In two yearsIn two yearsg)g) Making Colonies Making Colonies clean and neatclean and neat

OUTCOMEOUTCOME

At the end of the XI Five Year Plan it is At the end of the XI Five Year Plan it is intended to realize the goal of intended to realize the goal of SuchitwaSuchitwa KeralamKeralamto a substantial extent. to a substantial extent.

It is expected to be reflected in better quality of It is expected to be reflected in better quality of life due to improved health and general life due to improved health and general wellbeing, economic gains, better aesthetic wellbeing, economic gains, better aesthetic surroundings and overall environmental surroundings and overall environmental upgradationupgradation..

THANKS