KERALA RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION AGENCY

JALANIDHI PROJECTS I & II

Deputy Executive DirectorPranabjyoti Nath IAS

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JALANIDHI-I

FIRST RUNNER-UPPEOPLES FIRST AWARD

(World Bank, 2008)

3

Item Units PAD target ActualPercent of the PAD

target

Small Water Supply Schemes Nos 2500 3696 148 %

Comprehensive Schemes Nos 6 16 267 %

New Latrines Nos 40000 68023 170 %

Latrine conversions Nos 8000 24194 302 %Comprehensive Ground Water Recharge Schemes - GP level

GPs 0 33

Ground Water Recharge Schemes – Point Recharge at BG level

BGs 562 1013 180 %

Environmental Management Plan works

(soakpits, compost pits, etc)Nos 26667 89319 335 %

Drainage works Mtrs 178000 68362 38 %

Rain Water Harvesting structures Nos 1500 13304 887 %

Key Project Outputs

Key Principles of the Jalanidhi Approach

Adoption of a demand-driven approach to service delivery and use of participatory processes

Shift in government’s role from direct service delivery to that of planning, policy formulation, M&E, and part-financing capital costs

Beneficiary groups (BGs) make capital costs financing contributions and cover 100% of O&M costs through tariffs

4

Project Outcomes - I

The Jalanidhi-I project successfully demonstrated that communities, including the poorest and most vulnerable groups, can:

demand, plan, design, implement and manage WSS schemes

contribute to partial capital investmentfully recover O&M costs

5

6

Project Outcomes - IIThe decentralized service delivery model was successfully

demonstrated by GPs and rural communities.The project worked in 3,712 participating communities in

112 GPs (of a total of 978 in the state)Improved water services were provided to 1.13 M peopleWater supply coverage increased from 55 to 81 % in the

GPs covered by the project The project helped 753,000 people to have access to

improved sanitation servicesSanitation coverage increased from 76 to 86 %85 GPs received the Nirmal Gram Puraskar award for

open defecation free (ODF) villages

7

Project Outcomes - IIIGPs contributed 10 % and communities 15 % to the

capital costs of schemes under the infrastructure component

GPs and communities, including the most vulnerable groups, contributed substantially towards the capital cost thus helping to reduce GOK subsidies

Even vulnerable groups, such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) contributed significant amounts in cash and labor (6,755 HHs benefited under project)

8

Project Outcomes - IVThe project was successful in being inclusive of poor and marginalized groups:53 % of project beneficiary HHs belonged to the below poverty line (BPL) category

About 16 % of project beneficiaries were SC/ ST

ST families made 83.6 lakhs (US$ xx) in contributions by way of labour and cash

The project succeeded in empowering women, throughout subproject cycle

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Project Outcomes - VProject built capacity for further scaling up at all levels:

state, districts, GPs and communities as well as in support organizations and private sector

This capacity should not be lost but utilized in the future… KRWSA since appointed WSSO for the State!

GOK, KRWSA and KWA conducted innovative experiments whose lessons learned will be critical for further scaling up: G-PATs Scheme Level Committees for larger WS schemesKWA partnership in implementing multi-GP schemesTransfer and rehabilitation of KWA/GP schemes, etc

WB GoK

KRWSAPMU

DPMU

SO/GPAT

BG

Institutional Arrangement

GP

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Original Project Estimate - Rs. 4514 million

Revised Estimate at MTR - Rs.3815 million

Claim submitted to WB - Rs 2760 million

Claim received - Rs 2760 million

Utilization - 100%

FINANCIAL DETAILS

Lessons Learned

Willingness to pay of beneficiaries was demonstrated through their high contribution to capital cost sharing, ie 15%

Tribal groups shared both capital and O&M costs

100% O&M costs were recovered by BGs in all completed schemes

Successfully transferred (from KWA to GP) and rehabilitated single-GP schemes, with improved service delivery

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Lessons Learned

There is an overall saving of 10-15% in the capital costs of water schemes when community contracting is used

Communities proved they could take up planning, implementation and O&M of even large schemes serving more than 1,000 families

Partnership schemes with KWA, for multi-GP schemes, can be replicated

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Operational Learnings

Institutional Arrangements:Demonstrated that the active participation of

GPs and BGs leads to greater accountability and long term sustainability

NGOs/GPATs as Support Organizations for GPs are extremely helpful for the successful completion of project

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Sustainability

Sustainability is a very broad term In the context of rural/ community water supply is

very much linked with the local perspective as to what mode of service is perceived upon.

In the context of Jalanidhi, Sustainability is defined as Capability of each Beneficiary Group to

demonstrate performance which satisfies majority of the consumer’s normative water needs. In other words “Sustainability implies that the system works through out its life and beyond, and is able to generate adequate cash flow for future expansion/renewal.”

5 steps towards sustainability

Water source

Quality water

Supply System

Institutional setup

Financial fitness

Capable leadership with problem diagnosing and rectifying ability

Consumer satisfied over visual quality and taste perceptions

Faultless operation, low maintenance and equitable distribution

Able to meet peak summer demand and sustainable extraction

Able to meet true expenses through O&M collection

JALANIDHI : S E E STUDY KEY RESULTS

INDICATORS SEE-I & II

SEE-III SEE IV SEE V

Present sustainability 96% 95% 97% 94%

Assessment for future likelihood of sustainability

92% 94% 95% 92%

User level satisfaction 85% 80% 93% 90%

Technical sustainability 93% 99% 97% 95%

BGs having financial problems

0% 2% 1% 0%

Institutional sustainability

100% 98% 99% 100%

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With the experience gainedKRWSA move on to Jalanidhi

II

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE

To assist the GOK in increasing rural communities’ access to improved and

sustainable water supply and sanitation services in Kerala, using a decentralized,

demand-responsive approach

PROJECT SCOPEProject Districts - 8 districts out of 14 in state:

Kasargode, Kannur,Wayanad, Kozhikode,

Malappuram, Palakkad ,Idduki, Kottayam

Project GPs - 200 Gram Panchayaths (178 to be self-selected based on GP selection

criteria) from above districts and 22 GPs selected for Tribal Development

Program - Some 9-15 GPs will be covered

through rehabilitation and modernization of multi-GP schemes

(KWA and GPs joint responsibilities)

KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I Joint ownership (GP & BG) of scheme assetsDue weightage for water quality and SC/ST in GP

selectionGP share increased to 15% from 10%, BG share reduced

to 10% from 15%Reduced share for vulnerable groupsHigher delegation of administrative & financial powers

from PMU to RPMUs & GPSTsSetting-up of GPSTs for in situ support to BGs and GPsOnly bilateral agreements instead of tripartite and

quadrilateral agreementsPreparation of GP-level water security & development

plans for sustainability of sourcesUp-front setting-up of institutional mechanism at the GP

level for sustainable O&M backup

KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I Increased focus on community-level, rather than HH-level,

sanitation (solid & liquid waste management)

Special emphasis on GP-level groundwater recharge (GWR) activities

Multi-GP schemes to be rehabilitated and modernized in partnership between KWA and GPs

Efficient back-up system management models to be explored

Institutionalization of systematic WQ monitoring & surveillance statewide focusing on community-based WSS

Rationalization and harmonization of RWSS sector in state to be reviewed and road map developed and implemented with project support

INSTITUIONAL MODEL

BG

WB GOI

GOK

KRWSA-PMU

KRWSA-RPMU

GP GPAT/SO

KRWSA-GB&GC

GPST

KWA

Suchitwa Mission

(Sanitation)

Grama Panchayath Selection CriteriaSl No

Criteria Indicator Source of data Score

1Water supply coverage (WS)

Non coverage denoted by no. of BPL households traversing a distance of 300 meters or more to fetch water, to the total no. of HHs in the GP

BPL Survey - 2009 conducted by CRD of GOK

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2Water quality affected GPs(WQ)

No. of wards affected with predominant water quality problems like iron, fluoride, salinity and nitrates, to the total no. of wards in the GP

DDWSS website of GOI

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3 Poverty (P)Total no. of BPL HHs to the total no. of HHs in the GP

BPL Survey -2009 conducted by CRD of GOK

20

4SC/ST population (SCST)

Total SC/ST population, to the total population in the GP

Census 200110

5

Efficiency in implementing developmental projects (E)

Average use of Plan Funds for the preceding three years of allotment and utilization

Data from the Directorate of Panchayaths GOK

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GP Selection Criteria for TDP

District-wise population of the ST is taken as primary criteria for the selection of districts, accordingly two districts, Wayanad and Idukki have been identified

From the above two districts, those GPs having 16% or more ST population (according to 2001 census data) are included for project implementation

FUNDING PATTERN

PROJECT COMPONENTS(Amount in INR Crores)

 Main Components

Total Incl. Contingencies

(Amount)

% to Total

A Institution Building    

  A1. Project Management 83.9 8.2%

  A2. Capacity Building 10.2 1.0%

  A3. Statewide Sector Development Program 19.9 1.9%

  Total -Institution Building 114.0 11.1%

B Technical Assistance to Implementing Agencies    

  B1. New and Rehabilitated Intra-GP RWS Schemes 100.4 9.8%

  B2. Rehabilitation & Modernization of Multi-GP WS Schemes 5.5 0.5%

  B3. Sanitation 9.1 0.9%

  Total - Technical Assistance 115.0 11.1%

C Infrastructure Development    

  C1. New and Rehabilitated Intra-GP RWS Schemes 624.7 61.1%

  C2. Rehabilitation & Modernization of Multi-GP Schemes 95.1 9.3%

  C3. Sanitation 73.6 7.2%

  Total - Infrastructure Building 793.4 77.6%

  TOTAL PROGRAM 1022.3 100.0%

PROJECT COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIESWater supply schemes

Tribal Development Plan

Groundwater recharge (GWR)

‘Second Generation’ sanitation challenges

Multi-GP schemes partial transfer, rehabilitation and modernization (with KWA)

Capacity building

IEC activities

Monitoring and evaluation.

GP strengthening

Statewide RWSS sector- review and rationalization.

COST SHARING PATTERNComponent

Contribution asas % of construction costs estimated at market prices as

contained in the D S R and agreed to by the beneficiaries and GPs

Household GP

I Capital Costs of Schemes *

Drinking Water Schemes( (up to 70 lpcd)1 - Small /large & rehabilitationDrinking Water Schemes (Multi GP rehabilitation)(i)Common Infrastructure (ii)Intra Distribution Works

Cost of meter including installation and plumbing within premises (wherever applicable)

10% for General ( 5% for SC/ST/Fishers HHs)

Nil 10% for General ( 5% for SC/ST/Fishers HHs)100%

15%

Nil 15%

Groundwater recharge measuresGP wide

Nil20%

Environmental Management schemes including Solid and Liquid waste management / sullage drainage Schemes Community level schemes Household level

Nil 50%

20%Nill

II. Operation and maintenance Cost

Operation and maintenance of water supply, GWR schemes (recurrent costs, minor repairs and replacement etc)For BG and GP level schemes For Multi GP schemesPilot Environmental Management schemes including Solid and Liquid waste management / sullage drainage Schemes Community level schemes

100%100 % of local Dist O&M cost + 100 % of bulk charges payable to KWA – by levying and collecting sufficient user charges

Nil

Nil Nil

100%

JALANIDHI PHASE II-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE      2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Batch Desn No of GPs J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA M J J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F M

 

Batch 1

General 24                                                                                                                                                                                 TDP 2                                                                                                                                                      

                             

Batch 2

General 37                                                                                                                                                                                 

GPs with Large Scheme 2                                                                                                                                                                                 TDP 11                                                                                                                                                                                 Multi GP Scheme* 4                                                                                                                                                      

                             

Batch 3

General 44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Mid Term Review              

                                                                                     

GPs with Large Scheme 5                                                                                                                                                                                 TDP 9                                                                                                                                                                                 

Multi GP Scheme (KWA) 9 schemes                                                                                                                                                                                   

Batch 4

General 48                                                                                                                                                                                 GPs with Large Scheme 3                                                                                                                                                                                 

Multi GP Scheme 8 schemes                                                                                                                                                                                                       Batch 5 General 15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  Implementation Completion Review                                                                                                                                                      

Pre Planning Phase    

Planning Phase    

Preparatory Phase     Only for TDP

Implementation Phase    

Post Implementation Phase    

Hand Holding Phase    

Only for TDP

SCHEME CYCLE Description

Preplanning(No of months)

Preparatory(No of months)

Planning(No of months)

Implementation(No of months)

Post Implementation(No of months)

Hand holding(No of months)

Total(No of months)

Small Schemes

3 - 9 12 3 - 27

Large schemes

3 - 11 13 3 - 30

TDP 3 3 9 15 3 6 39

Multi GP Rehab

3 - 15 15 3 - 36

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FINANCIAL ARRANGMENTS FUND FLOW

GOK Budget

GP Project Bank

A/c

RPMU Bank

PMU Bank

PMU Treasury

BG Project Bank

A/c

Expenses of PMU / Payments for Works

undertaken through PMU

BG Expenses

Expenses on GP Activities

Expenses of RPMU /GPSTand Works undertaken through

RPMU

GP Share

BG Share

WOMEN IN JALANIDHI Planning BG mobilization & Contribution collection Beneficiary Group( 50 % participation) Beneficiary Committee (President/Secretary & Treasurer

– invariably women) Implementation Active participation in procurement , construction management, accounting and Quality Assurance

Post Implementation Operation, repairs and maintenance , revenue collection

Apart from above total involvement in Women Development Initiative as project component

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Thrift & Credit ActivitiesMaking O & M payments easier through

regular savingsJalanidhi’s main objective in this activity

was to help women access funds for either capital cost payment or monthly O & M payment

WDI –IGP (income Generating programmes)

Project financed micro enterprise up to 80% of capital cost in “watsan” related activities and 50% in other IGPs

HOW WAS THE PROJECT BENEFICIAL TO WOMEN

Making adequate water availabledrinkingsanitation and hygiene

Reduction in Drudgerymaking water available at doorstepthis pot was always on my head now it is on

the groundThere is peace at home nowI am at peace with myself- I am not always

tense about worrying where to get water from

Empowerment- Self Development- making them a part of

the project- Building up of knowledge- base in

project, mgmt, health practices- Mainstreaming them into leadership &

decision making roles- Thrift & Credit- Skill Building- Entrepreneurship

EMPOWERMENT THROUGH REAL PARTICIPATION

Equal Membership in the BGKey position in the executive committee

President /Secretary and TreasurerRole in decision making (not in attendance alone)Minimum quorum such that women

representation is mandatoryEngage women as one of the two pump operators

in every BGWomen led BGs (all BC members were women)

had been experimented

BG MEETING

Resource Mapping

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ACTIVE PARTCIPATION OF WOMEN

OPERATOR in ACTION

WDI - Sowparnika-Sowbhagya Vanitha Hotel (Kozhikode)

WDI- Concrete Bricks(Palakkad )

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THANK YOU