SANDING IS BORINGSANDING IS BORING

TediousTedious StupidStupid Not necessaryNot necessary

Why sanding

What is sanding – Materials & Techniques

Protection – Woods

Real Life: Mahogany species and woods from Cameroon: by Gisele.

Introducing Mc Simmons: LIW Resident Expert on Wood Finishing

So boring that the choice of tools is So boring that the choice of tools is bewilderingbewildering

The results are calling upon our senses

TouchTouch

TouchTouch

TouchTouch

FeelFeel

FeelFeel

HearHear

ScreechScreech

SingSing

LookLook

AdmireAdmire

Sand or Scrape?Sand or Scrape?

Contrary to their names, Contrary to their names, card scrapers, cabinet card scrapers, cabinet scrapers and scraper blades scrapers and scraper blades don’t scratch: they cutdon’t scratch: they cut

Card scrapers are ideal for Card scrapers are ideal for lightly cleaning up areas of lightly cleaning up areas of torn or gnarly wood that no torn or gnarly wood that no other tool can deal with, but other tool can deal with, but sharpening it is a task that sharpening it is a task that frustrates even experienced frustrates even experienced woodworkers woodworkers

Why - technicallyWhy - technically

Shaping then SmoothingShaping then Smoothing If grain changing direction: easier to sand than If grain changing direction: easier to sand than

to use an edge tool ( planer )to use an edge tool ( planer ) ““Fill” – EqualizeFill” – Equalize Finish the finishFinish the finish

GrainGrain

EmeryEmery - An abrasive that is a natural composite of Corundum and Iron Oxide. The grains are - An abrasive that is a natural composite of Corundum and Iron Oxide. The grains are blocky, cut slowly, and tend to polish the material being abraded.blocky, cut slowly, and tend to polish the material being abraded.

Aluminum OxideAluminum Oxide - A blocky, hard grain best suited for sanding and grinding of ferrous and non- - A blocky, hard grain best suited for sanding and grinding of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, wood and solid surface materials.ferrous metals, wood and solid surface materials.

GarnetGarnet- A very sharp grain that cuts very quickly when new. Fractures quickly, keeping it sharp. - A very sharp grain that cuts very quickly when new. Fractures quickly, keeping it sharp. Perfect for sanding wood end grains or for final-finish sanding of wood. Very economical. Perfect for sanding wood end grains or for final-finish sanding of wood. Very economical.

StearateStearate - An additive that prevents loading when sanding soft resinous woods, after sealer coats - An additive that prevents loading when sanding soft resinous woods, after sealer coats and when working with soft ferrous or non-ferrous metals. Not an abrasive grain. and when working with soft ferrous or non-ferrous metals. Not an abrasive grain.

Alumina ZirconiaAlumina Zirconia - A very hard and sharp grain that works well for grinding of stainless steel, - A very hard and sharp grain that works well for grinding of stainless steel, spring steel, titanium and other hard steels and for dimensioning of wood.spring steel, titanium and other hard steels and for dimensioning of wood.

CrocusCrocus -A natural abrasive of iron oxide particles. Used mostly for cleaning and polishing soft -A natural abrasive of iron oxide particles. Used mostly for cleaning and polishing soft metalsmetals

Silicon CarbideSilicon Carbide - A sharp, very hard and brittle grain best suited for sanding of glass, plastics, - A sharp, very hard and brittle grain best suited for sanding of glass, plastics, rubber, ceramics, solid surface materials and some non-ferrous metals.rubber, ceramics, solid surface materials and some non-ferrous metals.

BackingBacking PaperPaper

AA - A very light weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc - A very light weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usageusageBB - A light weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usage - A light weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usageCC - A medium weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc - A medium weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usageusageDD - A medium to heavy weight paper - typically for sheet use only or PSA or hook & loop disc - A medium to heavy weight paper - typically for sheet use only or PSA or hook & loop disc usage usage EE - A heavy weight paper - typically for stroke or wide belt sanding - A heavy weight paper - typically for stroke or wide belt sandingFF - A very heavy weight paper - typically for stroke or wide belt sanding - A very heavy weight paper - typically for stroke or wide belt sanding

ClothCloth

  JJ - A light weight, flexible Egyptian cotton cloth - A light weight, flexible Egyptian cotton clothJFJF - A light weight, very flexible Egyptian cotton cloth - A light weight, very flexible Egyptian cotton clothXX - A heavy, stiff Egyptian cotton cloth - A heavy, stiff Egyptian cotton clothXFXF - A heavy, yet flexible Egyptian cotton cloth - A heavy, yet flexible Egyptian cotton clothYXYX - A lighter weight polyester backing - A lighter weight polyester backingYYYY - A very heavy, stiff polyester backing - A very heavy, stiff polyester backing

FiberFiber – –

A very hard, strong, coated abrasive backing material consisting of multiple plies of chemically-A very hard, strong, coated abrasive backing material consisting of multiple plies of chemically-impregnated paper. Used primarily for disc products.impregnated paper. Used primarily for disc products.

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NamesNames

Sanding SequenceSanding Sequence

Start to planeStart to plane What about a card scraper? No Edge tool after sanding !What about a card scraper? No Edge tool after sanding ! Remove all scratches from previous operation => Vacuum / Dust off / Remove all scratches from previous operation => Vacuum / Dust off /

Blow off with air. Run your hand over the surface - your fingers and Blow off with air. Run your hand over the surface - your fingers and palm are remarkably sensitive. Vacuum and wipe with a lint-free palm are remarkably sensitive. Vacuum and wipe with a lint-free cloth. cloth.

Remove any grit from the previous sanding. I doesn't become Remove any grit from the previous sanding. I doesn't become apparent until you stain. Wiping with mineral spirits or lacquer apparent until you stain. Wiping with mineral spirits or lacquer thinner thinner

The Pencil Mark Depth GaugeThe Pencil Mark Depth Gauge On a drawer, sand all pieces BEFORE assemblyOn a drawer, sand all pieces BEFORE assembly Save Time and Sweat: 4 minutes per sheet / Throw away before it Save Time and Sweat: 4 minutes per sheet / Throw away before it

glazes – before it gets dullglazes – before it gets dull

StorageStorage Store in dry, frost free conditions. Away from Store in dry, frost free conditions. Away from

heat sources, cold, damp walls, doors or heat sources, cold, damp walls, doors or windows and should not be in direct contact windows and should not be in direct contact with the floor.with the floor.

Temperatures and humdity should be between Temperatures and humdity should be between 18-22 °C and 45%-65% Relative Humidity.18-22 °C and 45%-65% Relative Humidity.Keep products in their original packagingKeep products in their original packaging

Filing system Filing system

Grit sequenceGrit sequence Milling mark: use 100 gritMilling mark: use 100 grit Vacuum – Don’t skip 120, 150Vacuum – Don’t skip 120, 150 Sand the whole piece, everywhere!Sand the whole piece, everywhere!

Most finishes “like” 220 Most finishes “like” 220 Penetrating oil: 400Penetrating oil: 400 Water based glazes: 150 ( water will raise the grain Water based glazes: 150 ( water will raise the grain

anyway ) then 180 through 400anyway ) then 180 through 400 Use finer grit ( 100) on more aggressive tools ( belt Use finer grit ( 100) on more aggressive tools ( belt

sanders) : there is more sanding surface on a 100 grit sanders) : there is more sanding surface on a 100 grit than on a 80 – it will bite more!than on a 80 – it will bite more!

The harder the wood, the harder it is to remove The harder the wood, the harder it is to remove scratchesscratches

Let the tool do the work: guidance – not pressureLet the tool do the work: guidance – not pressure Always use a sanding blockAlways use a sanding block

Use a mechanical sanderUse a mechanical sander

Final pass with your finest grit using very light Final pass with your finest grit using very light pressure on the orbital sander. pressure on the orbital sander.

Lift the sander straight up and not tilt it. Lift the sander straight up and not tilt it.

Keep the sander at full speed while sanding. Keep the sander at full speed while sanding.

Start with 120 for grinding of glue and joint leveling.Start with 120 for grinding of glue and joint leveling.

Going from 100 to 150 is a no-no. Going from 100 to 150 is a no-no. You can't skip grits on a stained project. OK on paint. Most veneered plywood is You can't skip grits on a stained project. OK on paint. Most veneered plywood is already sanded to 150, but it is a straight sanding as opposed to orbital, so you need to already sanded to 150, but it is a straight sanding as opposed to orbital, so you need to get rid of the straight scratches. Use 150 on pre-sanded veneers. get rid of the straight scratches. Use 150 on pre-sanded veneers.

A finish sander has a smaller swirl pattern (3/32") A finish sander has a smaller swirl pattern (3/32") while a normal sander has a larger pattern (3/16"). while a normal sander has a larger pattern (3/16").

Cut a sheetCut a sheetCrease – torn only along half its length

First quarter is folded – grit facing out

Two thicknesses are folded on sheet’s third quarter smooth surface

Fourth quarter is folded onto final shape

Cut a sheet with a jigCut a sheet with a jig

Mark the back!

Hand Power Sanding SystemsHand Power Sanding Systems

Edge tools – Planer - ScraperEdge tools – Planer - Scraper Not to Be Found:Stanley RaspsNot to Be Found:Stanley Rasps Sand a ProfileSand a Profile Wipe, Blow, Lift, Dust off Wipe, Blow, Lift, Dust off Water / Alcohol / SpiritWater / Alcohol / Spirit

Motorized Sanding SystemsMotorized Sanding Systems

Disks Rasps – Disks Coarse – Disks FlapsDisks Rasps – Disks Coarse – Disks Flaps Large Rectangular SandersLarge Rectangular Sanders Porter Cable Random Orbital SandersPorter Cable Random Orbital Sanders Profile Sanders: Roybi, P.C., FeinProfile Sanders: Roybi, P.C., Fein

Sharpening the Scraper Sharpening the Scraper

Get rid of harden metal from the burnishing Get rid of harden metal from the burnishing tool and flatten edge on a rasp with a coarse tool and flatten edge on a rasp with a coarse mill filemill file

Flatten the edge with a fileFlatten the edge with a file Smooth edge with a stoneSmooth edge with a stone Burr / rotate and flip the burrBurr / rotate and flip the burr Listen to the whistle blowing in the windListen to the whistle blowing in the wind