sample - target publications

Sample

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tent

(English, Marathi & Semi English Medium)

Based on the New Board Paper Pattern 2019‐20 prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of

Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune ‐ 04

PERFECT

oMeceer keÀ#ee Deevevo: meb³egkeÌle-mebmke=Àleced

• Based on new Board Krutipatrika pattern.

• Updated as per Megef×He$eced

• Includes several ke=Àefles to enhance comprehension and application of concepts.

• Consists of line to line mejueeLe&.

• A dedicated section of Yee<eeY³eeme: with importatnt exercises.

• Includes Model Krutipatrika for self-evaluation (Answer Key via QR Code).

• Questions from Board Krutipatrika of March 2019 are covered.

• Includes Board Krutipatrika of March 2020.

Salient Features

Printed at: India Printing Works, Mumbai

© Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical

including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

P.O. No. 00778 Balbharati Registration No.: 2018MH0022 TEID: 1490

Sample

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tent

Target’s PERFECT Std X Deevevo: mecHetCe&-mebmke=Àleced is a book created on the basis of new Board

Krutipatrika pattern as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research. This book simplifies the Sanskrit course content for students making it not just interesting but also functional in purpose. Target’s PERFECT Std X Deevevo: mecHetCe&-mebmke=Àleced has been deftly created with the intention of

not only enhancing the students’ language learning abilities such as listening, speaking, reading and writing but also in sharpening their cognitive and creative skills. This book make students enriched with proper knowledge as well as help them preparing for exams. Certain characteristics which make this book worth reading are further put up together under the title ‘Features’. The book is updated in various aspects. Necessary changes have been made. Just as, The section of uesKevekeÀewMeueced is cut and the topic of JeekeÌ³ej®evee-GHeHeo-efJeYeefkeÌle: is shifted in Yee<eeY³eeme: section following new paper pattern. Sanskrit is said to be a scoring subject. It turns into reality after thorough study of this book. We hope that students and teachers find this book resourceful and enjoy using it just as much as we enjoyed creating it. The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures, and near misses. If you think we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you. Please write to us at: [email protected]

Best of luck to all the aspirants! From, Publisher Edition: Second

Disclaimer This reference book is transformative work based on ‘Deevevo: meb³egkeÌle-mebmke=Àleced; First Edition: 2018’ published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and

Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same in examinations. This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. Every care has been taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book. © reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors. No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of students.

PREFACE

Sample

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tent

FEATURES

The New Board Paper Pattern prescribed by the State Board has been provided so that the students can get acquainted with the question types, marking scheme, options, word limits etc.

New Board Paper Pattern (veJeerve ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe DeejeKe[e)

oMeceer keÀ#ee – ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe³ee: ÒeeªHeced DeJeefOe: nesjeÜ³eced iegCee*dkeÀe: 40

ÒeLece: efJeYeeie:- megiecemebmke=Àleced~ (6) 1. De. ef®e$eb ¢<ìdJee veeceeefve efueKele~ (4 le: 3) 1 3 = 3 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Dee. me*dK³ee: De#ejw: / De¹w: efueKele~ (3 le: 2) (He=. ¬eÀ. 4) 1 2 = 2

F. mece³emlecYecesueveb kegÀ©le~ (He=. ¬eÀ. 4) 12 2 = 1

Introduction pertaining to a particular lesson and poem is given.

Introduction (ÒemleeJevee) Sanskrit literature abounds in didactic literature like Panchatantra and Hitopadesh.

This story is taken from the Hitopadesh- a collection of stories compiled by Pandit Narayan.

There are four sections to the Hitopadesh – 1. Acquisition of a friend 2. Rift between friends 3. Dispute 4. Treaty This story is taken from the section `efce$eueeYe:' which indicates

with whom we must make friends. Several moral and ethical values are taught through the medium

of animal and bird stories.

ÒemleeJevee

Deeceeso:~ (mecHetCe&-mebmke=Àleced) Devleie&le-cetu³eceeHeveced

¬eÀ. efJeYeeie: iegCee: 1. megiecemebmke=Àleced 6 2. ieÐeced 14 3. HeÐeced 10 4. Yee<eeY³eeme: 10 40

¬eÀ. iegCee: 1. ÞeJeCekeÀewMeueced 3 2. Yee<eCekeÀewMeueced 2 3. mJeeO³ee³e: 1 / 2 5 10

Total Marks distribution of Deevevo: (meb³egkeÌle-mebmke=Àleced) is explained.

Marks distribution (iegCeefJeYeeieCeer)

Sample

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tent

FEATURES

1. ³et³eb keÀeefve mlees$eeefCe peeveerLe? GÊejced Among the many stotras by Sri Adi Shankaracharya the

stotras that are known are Tripura Sundari Stotram, Annapurna Stotram, Kalabhairavashtakam, Krishnashtakam, Gangashtakam, Lalitha Panchakam, Narmadashtakam and Charpata-panjarika Stotram.

Þeer. Deeoîe MebJeÀje®ee³ee¥veer j®euesu³ee DevesJeÀ mlees$eebHewJeÀer ef$eHegjemegbojer

mlees$eced, DevveHetCee& mlees$eced, JeÀeueYewjJee<ìJeÀced, Je=À<Cee<ìkeÀced, iebiee<ìJeÀced, ueefuelee Heb®eJeÀced, vece&oe<ìJeÀced DeeefCe ®eHe&ìHe¡eefjkeÀemlees$eced ÒeefmeodOe Deensle.

DeefHe Sleod GÊejle?

Do you know? (DeefHe Sleod GÊejle?)

Questions asked under introduction in the textbook are answered through this section.

Chapters have been segregated into extracts with ample activities based on them.

Segregation of chapters into extracts

ieÐeebMe: 1

DeJeyeesOeveced

keÀ. Gef®eleb keÀejCeb / He³ee&³eb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ 1. ³emceeled _______ Yeeie: ÒeeHlegb ve MekeÌ³eles me: SJe HejceeCeg:~

(met#celej: / mLetuelej:) GÊejced ³emceeled met#celej: Yeeie: ÒeeHlegb ve MekeÌ³eles me: SJe HejceeCeg:~ 2. êJ³em³e _______ IeìkeÀ: HejceeCeg: Deefmle~ (Deeefoce: / Deefvlece:) GÊejced êJ³em³e Deefvlece: IeìkeÀ: HejceeCeg: Deefmle~

[DeCe&Je:-³eefo ef¬eÀ³eles........................ efve½e³esve Meec³esled~]

Translation (Yee<eeblej)

Line to line translation has been provided in English and Marathi of all lessons and poems.

YetHeeue: He=LegJewv³e: veece Oeje³eeb ÒeLece: DeefYeef<ekeÌle: mece´eìd~ King Pruthuvainya was the first crowned emperor on the earth. jepee He=LegJewv³e He=LJeerJejerue Heefnuee DeefYe<eskeÀ kesÀuesuee mece´eì neslee. Òe³eeie#es$es He=Legve=Hem³e jepeOeeveer Deemeerled~ King Pruthu's capital was in the region of Prayag. Òe³eeie ³ee efþkeÀeCeer He=Legjepee®eer jepeOeeveer nesleer. jep³eeefYe<eskeÀmece³es ®eejCee: He=Legve=Hem³e mlegefleb ieelegced + GlmegkeÀe:~ At the time of the coronation, the bards (singers) were eager to sing the praise of King Pruthu. jep³eeefYe<eskeÀe®³eeJesUer mlegefleHeeþkeÀ He=Legjepee®eer mlegleer ieeC³eeme GlmegkeÀ nesles.

Sample

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tent

FEATURES

HetCe&JeekeÌ³esve GÊejb efueKele~ *1. keÀe iegªCeeb ieg©:? [March 2019] GÊejced efJeÐee iegªCeeb ieg©:~

The questions asked in March 2019 examination have been incorporated along with the answers.

Solved Board Questions(yees[& ke=ÀefleHeef$ekesÀleerue ÒeMve)

keÀ<e&keÀ farmer (MeslekeÀjer) #es$eced field (Mesle) lee¢kedÀ like (lemes) og<ke=Àles in bad action (JeeF&ì keÀcee&ceO³es) ³ee¢Meced like (pemes) JeHeles sows (Hesjlees) megke=Àles in good action (®eebieu³ee keÀcee&ceO³es)

MeyoeLee&:

A glossary contains meanings of difficult Sanskrit words from the chapters in English and Marathi. For the convenience of students these words are arranged alphabetically.

Glossary (MeyoeLe&)

*1. `jeceeefYe<eskesÀ' Dem³e MueeskeÀm³e mHeäerkeÀjCeb ceeO³eceYee<e³ee efueKele~

GÊejced Subhashitas that tickle the brain and enable the

development of the intellect can be placed in the ef®e$ekeÀeJ³e category. These shubhashitas are also entertaining. In this ef®e$ekeÀeJ³e there are subhashitas of the type called

DevlejeueeHe:, Dev³eeseqkeÌle: (taunt), nem³eeseqkeÌle: (humourous

saying), keÀle=&iegHle-ÒensefuekeÀe (riddle where the subject is

hidden). This ÍueeskeÀ is an example of mecem³eeHetefle&: where the last

phrase þbþb þþb þb þþþb þþb þ:

Answer in medium language (ceeO³eceYee<e³ee GÊejle~)

The textual questions requiring holistic answers have been covered under this title in each chapter.

Sample

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FEATURES

(1 , 2, 3 Heeþeveeced DeeOeejsCe) 1. JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&efKelJee mel³eced / Demel³eced Fefle efueKele~ De. mleJeveb leg ceeveJem³ewJe YeJesled~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ Dee. He=Legjepe: Òepeeefnleo#e: ve=He:~ GÊejced mel³eced~ F. DekeÀmceeled Deeievlegvee men cew$eer ³egkeÌlee~ GÊejced Demel³eced~

DeY³eemeHe$eced - 11 DeY³eemeHe$eced~

Exercises of DeY³eemeHe$eced, mecYee<eeHe$eeefCe and efpe%eemeeHe$eeefCe are given with solutions.

Solved exercises of DeY³eemeHe$eced mecYee<eeHe$eeefCe, efpe%eemeeHe$eeefCe

This section comprises explanation of grammar concepts and contains ample examples along with exercises.

Grammar (Yee<eeY³eeme:) lJeced means ‘you’ and is used with ceO³eceHeg©<e: SkeÀJe®eveb ef¬eÀ³eeHeoced.

(lJeced ³ee®ee DeLe& `let' Demee neslees DeeefCe ceO³eceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eveer ef¬eÀ³eeHeoemeesyele JeeHejuee peelees.)

YeJeeved means the ‘respected one’ and is used with ÒeLeceHeg©<e: SkeÀJe®eveced ef¬eÀ³eeHeoced.

(YeJeeved ³ee®ee DeLe& `DeeojCeer³e DeeHeCe' Demee neslees DeeefCe ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eveer ef¬eÀ³eeHeoemeesyele JeeHejuee peelees.)

The uekeÀej of the sentence remains the same when lJeced and YeJeeved are

interchanged. (lJeced DeeefCe YeJeeved ³eeb®eer Deoueeyeoue keÀjleevee JeekeÌ³ee®ee keÀeU efkebÀJee DeLe& yeouele

veener.)

lJeced - YeJeeved ~

Sample

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tent

A Model Question Paper has been provided for self evaluation. Answer‐key for the same can be accessed via QR–Code.

Model Question Paper (vecegvee ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe) DeJeefOe: nesjeÜ³eced

DeeoMe&-ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe~ iegCee*dkeÀe: 40

ÒeLece: efJeYeeie:- megiecemebmke=Àleced~ (6) 1. De. ef®e$eb ¢<ìdJee veeceeefve efueKele~ (4 le: 3) [3]

1) 2) 3) 4) cejeref®ekeÀe

In the board exam of Deevevo: (meb³egkeÌle - mebmke=Àleced), the marks are

distributed thus- 1. Board ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe 40 Marks

2. Devleie&le-cetu³eceeHeveced 10 Marks Details of Devleie&le-cetu³eceeHeveced~ - This includes dictation. Any 3 sentences from textbook page no. 70 and 71 will be asked for 3 marks or 6 words from textbook page no.s 76, 77 will be asked for 3 marks.

Guidelines for Devleie&le-cetu³eceeHeveced~

1. ÞeJeCekeÀewMeueced

The break‐up of the 20 Marks for internal assessment, weightage allotted to different skills and guidelines for the same have been provided.

Internal Assessment (Debleie&le cetu³eceeHeve)

March 2020 Board question paper

March 2020 Board question paper has been provided.

Board Question Paper (yees[& ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe)

FEATURES

Sample

Con

tent

ÒeLece: efJeYeeie:- megiecemebmke=Àleced~ (6)

1. De. ef®e$eb ¢<ìdJee veeceeefve efueKele~ (4 le: 3) 1 3 = 3 1) 2) 3) 4) Dee. me*dK³ee: De#ejw: / De¹w: efueKele~ (3 le: 2) (He=. ¬eÀ. 4) 1 2 = 2

F. mece³e-mlecYecesueveb kegÀ©le~ (He=. ¬eÀ. 4) 12 2 = 1

efÜleer³e: efJeYeeie:- ieÐeced~ (14)

2. De. ieÐeebMeb HeefþlJee efveefo&äe: ke=Àleer: kegÀ©le~ (80-100 Meyo³egkeÌle: ieÐeebMe: oeleJ³e:) 4 ke=Àle³e: 1. DeJeyeesOeveced~ (3 le: 2) (1 2 = 2) keÀ) Gef®eleb keÀejCeb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~/

Gef®eleb He³ee&³eb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ (efjkeÌlemLeeveÜ³eb ÒeäJ³eced) 12 2

Ke) keÀ: kebÀ Jeoefle? 1 ie) HetCe&JeekeÌ³esve GÊejb efueKele~ 1 Ie) JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&efKelJee mel³eced/Demel³eced Fefle efueKele~ 1 ®e) S<e: ieÐeebMe: keÀmceeled Heeþeled G×=le:? (Heeþm³e veece) 1 í) DecejkeÀes<eeled Meyob ³eespeef³elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ 1 2. Meyo%eeveced~ (3 le: 2) (1 2 = 2)

keÀ) 2 OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³es/efJeYekeÌl³evleHeos ef®elJee efueKele~ 12 2 = 1

Ke) efJeMes<eCe-efJeMes<³e-cesueveb kegÀ©le~ 12 2 = 1

ie) meefvOe:~ (HetJe&Heob efueKele 12 2 , GÊejHeob efueKele 1

2 2) 1

2 2 = 1

DeLeJee uekeÀejb efueKele~ (DeOeesjsKeveced DeeJeM³ekeÀced) 1 1 = 1 Dee. ieÐeebMeb HeefþlJee efveefo&äe: ke=Àleer: kegÀ©le~ 4 ke=Àle³e: 1. DeJeyeesOeveced~ (3 le: 2) (1 2 = 2) keÀ) Gef®eleb keÀejCeb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~/

Gef®eleb He³ee&³eb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ (efjkeÌlemLeeveÜ³eb ÒeäJ³eced) 12 2 = 1

Ke) keÀ: kebÀ Jeoefle? 1 ie) HetCe&JeekeÌ³esve GÊejb efueKele~ 1 Ie) JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&efKelJee mel³eced/Demel³eced Fefle efueKele~ 1 ®e) S<e: ieÐeebMe: keÀmceeled Heeþeled G×=le:? (Heeþm³e veece) 1 í) DecejkeÀes<eeled Meyob ³eespeef³elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ 1

oMeceer keÀ#ee – ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe³ee: ÒeeªHeced DeJeefOe: nesjeÜ³eced iegCee*dkeÀe: 40

Sample

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tent

2. jsKeeef®e$eb Hetj³ele~ (peeuejsKee / Je=#ejsKee / ÒeJeeefnpeeueced / mlecYeHetjCeced / MeyoHesefìkeÀe) ( 124=2)

F. ieÐeebMeb HeefþlJee mejueeLe¥ efueKele~ (2 le: 1) 4 (veeìîe³egiceced, veoermetkeÌleced~) F&. ceeO³eceYee<e³ee GÊejb efueKele~ (2 le: 1) (mJeeO³ee³eeOeeefjleced) 2

le=leer³e: efJeYeeie:- HeÐeced~ (10) 3. De. HeÐeebMeb HeefþlJee efveefo&äe: ke=Àleer: kegÀ©le~ (5 le: 4) (8-12 He*dkeÌle³e: Òe<ìJ³ee:~) 1 4 = 4 ke=Àle³e: keÀ) HetCe&JeekeÌ³esve GÊejb efueKele~ 1 1 = 1

Ke) efJeMes<eCe-efJeMes<³e-cesueveb kegÀ©le~ 12 2 = 1

ie) peeuejsKeeef®e$eb Hetj³ele~ (2 Meyoew Òe<ìJ³eew) 12 2 = 1

(peeuejsKee / Je=#ejsKee / ÒeJeeefnpeeueced / mlecYeHetjCeced / MeyoHesefìkeÀe)

Ie) 2 OeelegmeeefOele - DeJ³e³es / efJeYekeÌl³evleHeos ef®evegle~ 12 2 = 1

®e) meefvOe:~ (HetJe&Heob efueKele 12 2 , GÊejHeob efueKele 1

2 2) 1

2 2 = 1

Dee. HeÐes Meg×s HetCex ®e efueKele~ (3 le: 2) (kesÀJeueb Heef*dkeÌleÜ³eelcekesÀ) 2 2 = 4 F. ceeO³eceYee<e³ee mejueeLe¥ efueKele~ (2 le: 1) (Jee®eveÒeMebmee / ceeveJeleeOece&:) 2

®elegLe&: efJeYeeie:- Yee<eeY³eeme:~ (10) 4. De. He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced~ 4

1. veeceeefve meJe&veeceeefve ®e He=LekeÌkegÀ©le~ (5 le: 4) 12 4 = 2

2. ef¬eÀ³eeHeoeefve OeelegmeeefOele-efJeMes<eCeeefve ®e He=LekeÌkegÀ©le~ (5 le: 4) 12 4 = 2

Dee. efveefo&äe: ke=Àleer: kegÀ©le~ (4 le: 2) 2 2 = 4 1. me*dK³ee / ¬eÀce / DeeJe=efÊeJee®ekeÀm³e ³eesi³eb He³ee&³eb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ (3 le: 2) 2 2. meceemeefJeûeneCeeb meceemeveeceefYe: cesueveb kegÀ©le~ (6 le: 4) 2 3. meceeveeLe&kebÀ-efJe©×eLe&kebÀ Meyob ef®evegle~ 2 4. ³eesi³eb He³ee&³eb ef®evegle~ (3 le: 2) 2 keÀ) Jee®³eced DeeOeejerke=Àl³e~ Ke) YeJeeved-lJeced DeeOeejerke=Àl³e~ ie) efJeMes<eCe-efJeMes<³eced-DeeOeejerke=Àl³e~ F. efJeefMe<ìefJeYekeÌles: GHe³eesieb ke=ÀlJee JeeekeÌ³eefvecee&Ceb kegÀ©le~ (4 le: 2) (He=. ¬eÀ. 72) 2

[ceneje<ì^ jep³e ceeO³eefcekeÀ Je G®®e ceeO³eefcekeÀ efMe#eCe ceb[U, HegCes - 04]

Sample

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tent

[ceneje<ì^ jep³e ceeO³eefcekeÀ Je G®®e ceeO³eefcekeÀ efMe#eCe ceb[U, HegCes - 04]

¬eÀ. efJeYeeie: iegCee:

1. megiecemebmke=Àleced 6

2. ieÐeced 14

3. HeÐeced 10

4. Yee<eeY³eeme: 10

40

Deevevo:~ (meb³egkeÌle-mebmke=Àleced)

Devleie&le-cetu³eceeHeveced

¬eÀ. iegCee:

1. ÞeJeCekeÀewMeueced 3

2. Yee<eCekeÀewMeueced 2

3. mJeeO³ee³e: 1 / 2 5

10

Sample

Con

tent

¬eÀ. Heeþ-veeceeefve He=<þ-¬eÀ.ÒeeLe&vee 1

megiecemebmke=Àleced~ 1. ef®e$eHeokeÀes<e:~ 3 2. mece³e:~ 6

ieÐe-HeÐe efJeYeeie:~ 1. DeeÐeke=À<ekeÀ: He=LegJewv³e:~ ieÐeced 7 2. J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~ ieÐeced 22 3. meteqkeÌlemegOee~ HeÐeced 39 4. me SJe HejceeCeg:~ mebJeeo: 49 5. ³egiceceeuee~ HeÐeced 64 6. mebmke=Àleveeìîe³egiceced~ mebJeeo: 71 7. Jee®eveÒeMebmee~ HeÐeced 80 8. veoermetkeÌleced~ mebJeeo: 88 9. DeeefoMe¹je®ee³e&:~ ieÐeced 99 10. ef®e$ekeÀeJ³eced~ HeÐeced 114 11. ceeveJeleeOece&:~ HeÐeced 122

mecYee<eeHe$eeefCe efpe%eemeeHe$eeefCe ®e~ 130 DeY³eemeHe$eced~

1. DeY³eemeHe$eced ö 1~ 138 2. DeY³eemeHe$eced ö 2~ 140 3. DeY³eemeHe$eced ö 3~ 142 4. DeY³eemeHe$eced ö 4~ 143

Yee<eeY³eeme:~1. veece-meJe&veece-Oeeleg-OeelegmeeefOeleefJeMes<eCe leeefuekeÀe:~ 144 2. me*dK³ee:~ 159 3. meceeme:~ 165 4. Jee®³eced~ 179 5. HetJe&keÀeueJee®ekeÀ-OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeefve~ 1886. lJeced-YeJeeved~ 191 7. JeekeÌ³eMegef×:~ (efJeMes<eCe-efJeMes<³eced DeeOeejerke=Àl³e) 193 8. JeekeÌ³ej®evee-GHeHeo-efJeYeefkeÌle:~ 195

Devleie&le-cetu³eceeHeveced~ Guidelines for Devleie&le-cetu³eceeHeveced~ 198

DeeoMe&-ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe~ DeeoMe&-ke=ÀefleHeef$ekeÀe - 1 199

Note: Textual questions are represented by * mark.

Deveg¬eÀceefCekeÀe

According to new Board Krutipatrika pattern, the topic of Jeemej-leeefuekeÀeb Hetj³ele~ from Hegve:mceejCeced and

mebmke=ÀleevegJeeo: from uesKevekeÀewMeueced are exempted. They are not covered in this book.

Sample

Con

tent

22 22

J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~ (The Test Of a Friend Is In Calamity) 2 (mebkeÀìeceO³es efce$ee®eer Hejer#ee nesles.)

DeefHe Sleod GÊejle?

1. GÊeceefce$es kesÀ iegCee YeJes³eg:? GÊejced An excellent friend should be endowed with the following virtues- He / she should support and stand by at the time of need. He / she should unquestioningly render help in any form when asked for. This happens

only when there is complete faith, trust and understanding between them. A true friend should correct and guide his or her friend when the friend goes astray. He

shouldn’t be afraid to show him the ill-effects of a wrong decision even if he knows thefriend may feel bad about it.

mebkeÀìÒemebieer DeeHeu³ee HeeþerMeer KebyeerjHeCes GYee jenCeeje, DeeHeCe ®egkeÀle Demeu³eeme ³eesi³e ceeie&oMe&ve keÀjCeejekeÀesCel³eener HeefjefmLeleerle vesnceer meeLe osCeeje Demee efve:mJeeLeea Je=lleer®ee Je DeeHeues efnle ef®ebleCeeje Gllece efce$emecepeeJee.

2. me¹ìmece³es efce$esCe meene³³eb ke=Àleefceefle keÀoeef®eled DevegYetleb Jee? GÊejced It is a common occurence that when there is complete faith, trust and understanding

between two people, there is a bond of friendship and such a friend always comes to the aid /help when needed. We all experience it some or other time in our life. Once, I met with anaccident. My friend quickly took me to the hospital. He ensured that I was being treated. Hethen informed my parents and told them not to worry. He even arranged some money that wasbasically required. He gave me support till I was fine.

Sanskrit literature abounds in didactic literature like Panchatantra and Hitopadesh. This story is taken from the Hitopadesh- a collection of stories compiled by Pandit Narayan. There are four sections to the Hitopadesh – 1. Acquisition of a friend 2. Rift between friends 3. Dispute 4. Treaty This story is taken from the section `efce$eueeYe:' which indicates with whom we must make friends.

Several moral and ethical values are taught through the medium of animal and bird stories. efnleesHeosMe Je Heb®eleb$e ³eebmeejK³ee GHeosMeHej meeefnl³eeves mebmke=Àle meeefnl³e DeesleÒeesle Yejues Deens. Hebef[le veeje³eCe ³eebveer mebkeÀefuele kesÀuesu³ee efnleesHeosMe veecekeÀ ûebLeeceOetve ner keÀLee Iesleueer Deens. efnleesHeosMe ne ûebLe ®eej YeeieebceO³es efJeYeeieuee Deens. 1. efce$eueeYe: 2. megËodYeso: 3. efJeûen: 4. meefvOe: ner keÀLee `efce$eueeYe:' ³ee YeeieeceOeerue Demetve cew$eer keÀesCeeMeer keÀjeJeer ³eeJej ÒekeÀeMe ìekeÀles. ³eeceO³es HeMetHe#³eeb®³ee keÀLeeb®³ee ceeO³eceeletve veweflekeÀ cetu³es Je lellJeeb®eer efMekeÀJeCe efoueer Deens.

ÒemleeJevee

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2: J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~

(HeeþîeHegmlekeÀ-He=<þ¬eÀcee¹: 9) Deefmle SkebÀ ®ecHekebÀ veece DejC³eced~ There was a forest named Champaka. ®ebHekeÀ veeJee®es SkeÀ DejC³e nesles. DejC³es ef®e$ee²: + veece ce=ie: SkeÀe#e: + veece keÀekeÀ: + ®e mvesnsve efveJemele: mce~ A deer named ef®e$ee² and a crow named SkeÀe#e used to live amicably in the forest. l³ee DejC³eele ef®e$eebie veeJee®es SkeÀ nefjCe DeeefCe SkeÀe#e veeJee®ee SkeÀ keÀeJeUe Òesceeves jenle Demele. SkeÀoe ef®e$ee²: Jeves Ye´ceved kesÀve + DeefHe Me=ieeuesve DeJeueesefkeÀle:~ Once ef®e$ee² who was wandering in the forest was seen by some jackal. SkeÀoe Jeveele efnb[le DemeCeeN³ee ef®e$eebieeves SkeÀe keÀesunîeeuee yeefIeleues. #egêyegef×: veece me: Me=ieeue: mJeeLe&nslegvee ce=iesCe men efce$eleeced Ss®íled~ That jackal named #egêyegef× made friends with the deer with a selfish motive. #egêyegodOeer veeJee®³ee l³ee keÀesunîeeves mJeeLee&meeþer njCeeyejesyej cew$eer®eer F®íe kesÀueer. Demle²les meefJeleefj #egêyegef×: ce=iesCe men ce=iem³e efveJeememLeeveb iele:~ When the sun set, #egêyegef× went to the deer’s house along with the deer. pesJne met³ee&mle Peeuee lesJne #egêyegodOeer njCeemeceJesle njCee®³ee efveJeemee®³ee efþkeÀeCeer iesuee. ce=ieMe=ieeueew ¢<ìdJee keÀekeÀ: + DeJeoled, ’meKes ef®e$ee²! keÀ: + De³eced efÜleer³e:?“ Seeing the deer and the jackal, the crow said, “Friend Chitrang! Who is this other one?” nefjCe DeeefCe keÀesune ³ee oesIeebvee Heentve keÀeJeUe cnCeeuee,’efce$ee ef®e$eebiee! ne ogmeje keÀesCe Deens?“ ce=ie: Deye´tle, ’ pecyetkeÀ: + De³eced~ The deer replied, “This is a jackal. nefjCe cnCeeues, ’ne keÀesune Deens. DemcelmeK³eced F®íefle~“ He wishes to be our friend.” l³eeuee DeeHeu³eeyejesyej cew$eer keÀje³e®eer F®íe Deens.“ keÀekeÀ: GHeeefoMeled, ’DekeÀmceeled + Deeievlegvee men efce$elee ve ³egkeÌlee~“ The crow advised, Friendship with an unknown guest is not appropriate.” keÀeJeUîeeves GHeosMe kesÀuee, ’De®eevekeÀ Deeuesu³ee HeengC³eemeesyele cew$eer ³eesi³e veener.“

[Deefmle ......................................................................................................... ’SJecemleg~“]

ieÐeebMe: 1

DeveskeÀoe De[erDe[®eCeeR®³ee JesUer DeeHeuee efce$e DeeHeu³ee HeeþerMeer GYee Demelees Je efJeMJeemee®³ee YeeJevesves keÀe³ece

pees[uesuee jenlees. Òesce Je mvesnecegUs lees mebkeÀìkeÀeUerner DeeHeCentve Heg{s ³eslees. DeeHeu³ee meJee¥vee®e keÀOeer vee keÀOeer ³ee®eeÒel³e³e ³eslees®e. SkeÀoe ceePee DeHeIeele Ie[uee. ceeP³ee efce$eeves lJeefjle ceuee FefmHeleUele vesues. l³eeves ceeP³eeJej ³eesi³e GHe®eejnesle Deensle ³ee®eer o#elee Iesleueer. ceeP³ee HeeuekeÀebvee keÀUJeues Je l³eebveer ef®eblee keÀª ve³es cnCetve l³eeb®es meeblJevener kesÀues.meg©Jeeleeruee DeeJeM³ekeÀ lesJe{îee HewMeeb®eer J³eJemLeener ceeP³ee efce$eeves kesÀueer. peesHe³e¥le ceuee yejs Jeeìues veener leesHe³e¥le l³eevesceuee DeeOeej efouee.

ieÐeebMee:, mejueeLee&:, MeyoeLee&:, mevOe³e: ke=Àle³e½e~

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24

oMeceer keÀ#ee - Perfect Notes Deevevo: (meb³egkeÌle - mebmke=Àleced)

leled + DeekeÀC³e& pecyetkeÀ: mekeÀesHeced Deen, ’ce=iem³e ÒeLeceoMe&ves YeJeeved + DeefHe DeHeefjef®ele: SJe Deemeerled~ Hearing that the jackal said angrily, “At the first sight of the deer, you too were unknown. les SsketÀve keÀesune jeieeves cnCeeuee, ’njCee®eer ÒeLece®e ieeþ He[ueer lesJne letosKeerue DeveesUKeer®e nesleeme! ³eLee + De³eced ce=ie: cece yevOeg: leLee YeJeeved + DeefHe~“ Just as this deer is my friend, likewise you too are.” ns nefjCe pemee ceePee YeeT Deens lemee letner ceePee YeeT®e Deensme.“ ce=ie: Deye´Jeerled, ’Deueb efJeJeeosve~ Je³eb meJex Deevevosve SkeÀ$e efveJemeece:~“ The deer said, “Enough of arguments. We shall all live together happily.” nefjCe cnCeeues, ’Yeeb[Ce Hegjs. DeeHeCe meJe& efceUtve SkeÀ$e jent³ee!“ keÀekesÀve + GkeÌleced, ’ SJeced + Demleg~ “ The crow said, “So be it.” keÀeJeUe cnCeeuee, ’þerkeÀ Deens!“ DeHeefjef®ele: unknown (De%eele) Deye´tle said (cnCeeuee) DejC³eced forest (Jeve) DeJeueesefkeÀle: was seen (Heeefnues iesues) Demle²les meefJeleefj when the sun set

(pesJne met³ee&mle Peeuee) DemcelmeK³eced friendship with me/us

(DeeHeu³eeMeer cew$eer) Deeievlegvee with a guest (HeengC³eemeceJesle) Deen said (cnCeeuee) keÀekeÀ: crow (keÀeJeUe) efveJemele: mce used to live/lived (jenle Demele) yevOeg: friend (efce$e) Yećeved who was wandering

(efnb[le DemeCeeje) ce=ie: deer (nefjCe) Me=ieeue: / pecyetkeÀ: jackal (keÀesune) mJeeLe&nslegvee with a selfish motive

(mJeeLee&meeþer) keÀ. Gef®eleb keÀejCeb / He³ee&³eb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ 1. ce=ie: keÀekeÀ: ®e _______ efveJemele:~ (JewjsCe / mvesnsve) GÊejced ce=ie: keÀekeÀ: ®e mvesnsve efveJemele:~ 2. SkeÀoe ef®e$ee*die: Jeves _______ Me=ieeuesve DeJeueesefkeÀle:~ (Yećeved / Keeoved) GÊejced SkeÀoe ef®e$ee*die: Jeves Yećeved Me=ieeuesve DeJeueesefkeÀle:~

3. Me=ieeue: mJeeLe&nslegvee _______ men efce$eleeced Ss®íled~ (ce=iesCe / keÀekesÀve) GÊejced Me=ieeue: mJeeLe&nslegvee ce=iesCe men efce$eleeced Ss®íled~ 4. #egêyegef×: ce=iesCe men efce$eleeced Ss®íled ³ele: _______ ~ (me: lem³e ceebmeced F®íefle~ / me: lem³e cew$eerced F®íefle) GÊejced #egêyegef×: ce=iesCe men efce$eleeced Ss®íled ³ele: me: lem³e ceebmeced

F®íefle~ 5. keÀekeÀ: ce=ieced GHeeefoMeled ³ele: _______ ~ (Deeievlegvee men efce$elee ³egkeÌlee veeefmle / me: Me=ieeuem³e

efnleef®evlekeÀ: Deemeerled) GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieced GHeeefoMeled ³ele: Deeievlegvee men efce$elee

³egkeÌlee veeefmle~ Ke. keÀ: kebÀ Jeoefle? 1. ’keÀesç³eb efÜleer³e:?“ GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb Jeoefle~ 2. ’DemcelmeK³eced F®íefle~“ GÊejced ce=ie: keÀekebÀ Jeoefle~ 3. ’DekeÀmceeoeievlegvee men efce$elee ve ³egkeÌlee~“ GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb Jeoefle~ 4. ’ce=iem³e ÒeLeceoMe&ves YeJeeveefHe DeHeefjef®ele: SJe Deemeerled~“ GÊejced Me=ieeue:/ pecyetkeÀ: keÀekebÀ Jeoefle~ 5. ’Deueb efJeJeeosve~“ GÊejced ce=ie: keÀekeÀMe=ieeueew Jeoefle~ 6. ’Je³eb meJex Deevevosve SkeÀ$e efveJemeece:~“ GÊejced ce=ie: keÀekeÀMe=ieeueew Jeoefle~

MeyoeLee&:

DeJeyeesOeveced

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ie. HetCe&JeekeÌ³esve GÊejb efueKele~

*1. DejC³es keÀew efveJemele: mce? GÊejced DejC³es ef®e$ee²: veece ce=ie: SkeÀe#e: veece keÀekeÀ: ®e

efveJemele: mce~ 2. #egêyegef×: efkeÀced Ss®íled? GÊejced #egêyegef×: veece Me=ieeue: mJeeLe&nslegvee ce=iesCe men efce$eleeced

Ss®íled~ 3. #egêyegef×: ce=iem³e efveJeememLeeveb keÀoe iele:? GÊejced ³eoe meefJelee Demlebiele: leoe #egêyegef×: ce=iem³e efveJeememLeeveb

iele:~

*4. keÀekeÀ: efkeÀced GHeeefoMeled? GÊejced `DekeÀmceeled Deeievlegvee men efce$elee ve ³egkeÌlee' Fefle

keÀekeÀ: GHeeefoMeled~ Ie. JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&efKelJee mel³eced / Demel³eced Fefle efueKele~ 1. SkeÀoe ef®e$ee²: Jeves Yećeved kesÀveeefHe Me=ieeuesve DeJeueesefkeÀle:~ GÊejced mel³eced~ 2. #egêyegef×: mvesnnslegvee ce=iesCe men efce$eleeced Ss®íled~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ 3. met³eexo³es #egêyegef×: ce=iesCe men ce=iem³e efveJeememLeeveb iele:~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ 4. DekeÀmceeled Deeievlegvee men efce$elee ³egkeÌlee~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ ®e. Heeþ-veeceeOeeefjle: ÒeÍve:~ 1. S<e: ieÐeebMe: keÀmceeled Heeþeled G×=le:? GÊejced S<e: ieÐeebMe: `J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~' Fefle Heeþeled G×=le:~ í. DecejkeÀes<eeled Meyob ³eespeef³elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ 1. Deefmle SkebÀ ®ecHekebÀ veece DejC³eced~ GÊejced Deefmle SkebÀ ®ecHekebÀ veece Jeveced / DeìJeer / efJeefHeveced /

ienveced / keÀeveveced~

*2. DejC³es ce=ie: keÀekeÀ: ®e mvesnsve efveJemele: mce~ GÊejced DejC³es nefjCe: / kegÀj²: / Jeelee³eg: / Deefpeve³eesefve:

keÀekeÀ: ®e mvesnsve efveJemele: mce~

*3. pecyetkeÀ: lesve men ce=iem³e efveJeememLeeveb iele:~ GÊejced Me=ieeue: / JeáegkeÀ: / ¬eÀes<ìe / HesÀ©: / HesÀjJe: lesve men

ce=iem³e efveJeememLeeveb iele:~

keÀ. OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeefve / efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeefve ef®elJee

efueKele~ OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeefve~ lJeevle-DeJ³e³eced Oeeleg: + lJee / OJee / ìdJee /

{dJee / FlJee / Deef³elJee ¢<ìdJee~

u³eyevle-DeJ³e³eced GHemeie&: + Oeeleg + ³e / l³e DeekeÀC³e &~ efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeefve~

1. ÒeLeceevleHeoced (-:, -ced,- s)

SkeÀce d, ®ecHekeÀced, DejC³eced, ef®e$ee²:, ce=ie:, SkeÀ:, me:, keÀekeÀ:, #egêyegef×:, me:, Me=ieeue:, keÀ:, De³eced, efÜleer³e:, pecyetkeÀ:, ³egkeÌlee, leled, YeJeeved, DeHeefjef®ele:, yevOeg:, Je³eced, meJex~

2. efÜleer³eevleHeoced (-ced)

efce$eleeced, efveJeememLeeveced, ce=ieMe=ieeueew, DemcelmeK³eced, mekeÀesHece d~

3. le=leer³eevleHeoced (-sve, -vee)

mvesnsve, kesÀve, Me=ieeuesve, mJeeLe&nslegvee, ce=iesCe, Deeievlegvee, efJeJeeosve, Deevevosve, keÀekesÀve~

4. <e<þd³evleHeoced (-m³e)

ce=iem³e, cece~

5. meHlec³evleHeoced (-s, -F)

DejC³e s, Jeves, Demle²les, meefJeleefj, ÒeLeceoMe&ves~

6. mecyeesOeveced meKes, ef®e$ee²~ Ke. efJeMes<eCeb-efJeMes<³eced~ 1. cesueveb kegÀ©le~

i. Yećeved meefJeleefj ii. Demle²les Me=ieeue: ef®e$ee²:

GÊejced i. Yećeved ef®e$ee²:~ ii. Demle²les meefJeleefj~ ie. meefvOeefJeûenb kegÀ©le~ meefvOe: meefvOeefJeûen: 1. ef®e$ee²es veece = ef®e$ee²: + veece~ 2. SkeÀe#ees veece = SkeÀe#e: + veece~ 3. keÀekeÀ½e = keÀekeÀ: + ®e~ 4. kesÀveeefHe = kesÀve + DeefHe~

*5. keÀekeÀesçJeoled = keÀekeÀ: + DeJeoled~ 6. keÀesç³eced = keÀ: + De³eced~

Meyo%eeveced

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*7. pecyetkeÀesç³eced = pecyetkeÀ: + De³eced~ 8. DekeÀmceeoeievlegvee = DekeÀmceeled + Deeievlegvee~ 9. leoekeÀC³e& = leled + DeekeÀC³e&~ 10. YeJeeveefHe = YeJeeved + DeefHe~ 11. ³eLee³eced = ³eLee + De³eced~ 12. keÀekesÀveeskeÌleced = keÀekesÀve + GkeÌleced~ 13. SJecemleg = SJeced + Demleg~

*14. ce=ieesçye´Jeerled = ce=ie: + Deye´Jeerled~ Ie. uekeÀejb efueKele~ 1. Deefmle SkebÀ ®ecHekebÀ veece DejC³eced~ GÊejced ueìduekeÀej:~ 2. DejC³es ef®e$ee²es veece ce=ie: SkeÀe#ees veece keÀekeÀ½e mvesnsve

efveJemele:~ GÊejced ueìduekeÀej:~ 3. #egêyegef×: veece me: Me=ieeue: mJeeLe&nslegvee ce=iesCe men efce$eleeced

Ss®íled~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~ 4. ce=ieMe=ieeueew ¢<ìdJee keÀekeÀ: DeJeoled ~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~ 5. ce=ie: Deye´tle / Deye´Jeerled~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~

6. keÀekeÀ: GHeeefoMeled~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~ 7. leoekeÀC³e& pecyetkeÀ: mekeÀesHeced Deen~ GÊejced efueìduekeÀej:~ 8. YeJeeveefHe DeHeefjef®ele: SJe Deemeerled~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~ 9. SJeced Demleg ~ GÊejced ueesìduekeÀej:~ jsKeeef®e$eced~

*peeuejsKeeef®e$eb Hetj³ele~ GÊejced i. ®ecHekeÀced ii. SkeÀe#e: iii. ef®e$ee²: iv. #egêyegef×:

(HeeþîeHegmlekeÀ-He=<þ¬eÀcee¹: 10) efkeÀefáeled + keÀeueevevlejced Me=ieeue: ce=ieced DeJeoled , `Jeves + Deefmceved SkebÀ mem³eHetCe&#es$eced + Deefmle~ After sometime the jackal said to the deer, ‘There is a field full of corn in the forest/woods. keÀener keÀeUeveblej keÀesune njCeeuee cnCeeuee, `³ee Jeveele SkeÀ Oeev³eeves Yejuesues Mesle Deens. oMe&³eeefce lJeeced~' I shall show it to you.' ceer leguee oeKeJelees. ' leLee ke=Àles ce=ie: Òel³enb le$e ielJee mem³eced DeKeeoled~ Doing so, the deer ate corn after going there everyday. lemes kesÀues Demelee, nefjCe lesLes ojjespe peeTve Oeev³e Keele Demes. leled + ¢<ìdJee SkeÀefmceved efoves #es$eHeeflevee HeeMe: ³eesefpele:~ Seeing that, one day the owner of the field set up a trap. les Heentve SkesÀ efoJeMeer Meslee®³ee ceeuekeÀeves lesLes peeUs ueeJeues. le$e + Deeiele: ce=ie: HeeMew: + ye×:~ The deer who had come there was caught in the snares. lesLes Deeuesues nefjCe peeUîeeceO³es De[keÀues.

He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced

ieÐeebMe: 2

[efkeÀefáelkeÀeueevevlejb .............................................................................................. Me$egvevove:]

veeceeefve

i.______ DejC³eced

ii.______ keÀekeÀ:

iii.______ ce=ie:

iv.______ Me=ieeue:

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me: Deef®evle³eled, ’FoeveeR efce$eeefCe + SJe MejCeb cece~“ He thought, “Now my friends are my only resort.” l³eeves efJe®eej kesÀuee, ’Deelee efce$e®e ceuee DeeOeej Deensle.“ otjeled leled HeM³eved pecyetkeÀ: ceveefme Deeveefvole:~ The jackal who was seeing this from afar was mentally happy. ueebyetve les Heenle Demeuesuee keÀesune ceveele KetMe Peeuee. me: + Deef®evle³eledd, ’HeÀefueleb ces ceveesjLeced~ He thought ’My wish has been fulfilled. l³eeves efJe®eej kesÀuee, ’ceePeer F®íe meHeÀue Peeueer. FoeveeR ÒeYetleb Yeespeveb ÒeeHm³eeefce~“ Now I shall obtain a lot of food.” Deelee ceer YejHetj Yeespeve efceUJesve.“ ce=ie: + leced ¢<ìdJee Deye´Jeerled, ’efce$e, efíefvOe leeJeled + cece yevOeveced~ Seeing him, the deer said, “Friend, cut my ties. nefjCe l³eeuee Heentve cnCeeues, ’efce$ee, DeeOeer ceePes yebOe lees[. $ee³emJe ceeced~“ Save me.” ceuee Jee®eJe.“ pecyetkeÀ: + otjeled + SJe + DeJeoled, ’efce$e, ¢{: + De³eb yevOe:~ The jackal said from afar itself, “Friend, this bond is firm. keÀesune ueebyetve®e cnCeeuee, ’efce$ee, ne yebOe Ieìdì Deens. mvee³egefveefce&leeved HeeMeeved + Sleeved keÀLeb Jee Je´leefoJemes mHe=Meeefce?“ Fefle + GkeÌlJee me: meceerHeced + SJe Je=#em³e He=<þle: efveYe=leb efmLele:~ How can I touch these snares which are made of ligament/sinews on the day of fast?” saying thus, he stood hiding behind a tree nearby. mvee³etbHeemetve le³eej kesÀuesu³ee ³ee HeeMeebvee GHeJeemee®³ee efoJeMeer ceer keÀmee mHeMe& keÀª?“ Demes yeesuetve lees peJeU®e Pee[e®³ee ceeies ueHetve jeefnuee. Òeoes<ekeÀeues ce=ieced + DeefvJe<³eved keÀekeÀ: + le$e + GHeefmLele:~ In the evening, the crow who was looking for the deer came there. mee³ebkeÀeUer njCee®ee MeesOe Iesle Demeuesuee keÀeJeUe lesLes Deeuee. ce=ieb leLeeefJeOeb ¢<ìdJee me: + GJee®e, ’meKes! efkeÀced + Sleled?“ Seeing the deer like that, he said, “O friend! What is this?” njCeeuee DeMeeÒekeÀejs Heentve lees cnCeeuee, ’efce$ee ns keÀe³e?“ ce=iesCe + GkeÌleced, ’megËodJeekeÌ³em³e Deveeojeled ye×: + Denced~ GkeÌleb ®e- The deer said, “I am caught on account of disregarding the words of a friend. And it is said – nefjCe cnCeeues, ’efce$ee®³ee cnCeC³eekeÀ[s ogue&#e kesÀu³eecegUs ceer De[keÀuees Deens DeeefCe cnìues®e Deens, keÀer megËoeb efnlekeÀeceeveeb ³e: Me=Ceesefle ve Yeeef<eleced~

Adversity stands close to him who listens not to the words of well-meaning friends. ’DeeHeu³ee efnlee®eer F®íe keÀjCeeN³ee efce$eeb®es cnCeCes pes SskeÀle veenerle.

efJeHeled meefVeefnlee lem³e me vej: Me$egvevove:~~“ (me: + vej:~) Calamity is proximity to such a man and is the delight of his enemies (such a person makes the enemies feel happy.)

l³eeb®³eeHeg{s mebkeÀì GYes jenles, Demes ueeskeÀ Me$etuee KetMe keÀjleele.“

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efkeÀefáelkeÀeueevevlejced after some time (keÀener keÀeUeveblej) #es$eHeeflevee by the owner of the field

(Meslee®³ee ceeuekeÀeves) efíefvOe you cut (let lees[) $ee³emJe you save (let Jee®eJe) ¢{: firm (Ieìdì) HeM³eved seeing/watching (Heenle Demeuesuee) HeeMew: with nets (peeUîeebveer) Òel³enced daily (jespe) ÒeeHm³eeefce I shall obtain (ceer efceUJesve) HeÀefueleced fulfilled (meHeÀue Peeueer) ye×: tied/bound/caught (De[keÀuee) ceveesjLeced wish (F®íe) efJeHeled calamity (mebkeÀì) Me$egvevove: delight of enemy/makes enemy

happy (Me$etuee Deevebo osCeeje) Me=Ceesefle listens (SskeÀlees) meefVeefnlee near/close (peJeU) mem³eHetCe&ced filled with grains/crops/corn

(Oeev³eeves Yejuesues) megËoeced of friends (efce$eeb®ee) mvee³egefveefce&leeved made from flesh/ligament/sinew

(mvee³etbHeemetve le³eej kesÀuesues) efnlekeÀeceeveeced of well-wishing

(efnleef®eblekeÀeb®es) keÀ. Gef®eleb keÀejCeb / He³ee&³eb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ 1. Jevesçeqmceved SkebÀ _______~ (le=CeHetCe&#es$eceefmle / mem³eHetCe&#es$eceefmle) GÊejced Jevesçeqmceved SkebÀ mem³eHetCe&#es$eceefmle~ 2. ce=ie: Òel³enb #es$eb ie®íefle mce ³ele: _______~ (me: mem³eb Keeoefle mce / me: efveêeb keÀjesefle mce) GÊejced ce=ie: Òel³enb #es$eb ie®íefle mce ³ele: me: mem³eb Keeoefle mce~ 3. #es$eHeeflevee HeeMe: ³eesefpele: ³ele: _______~ (me: Me=ieeueb ûenerlegced F®íefle /me: ce=ieb ûenerlegced F®íefle) GÊejced #es$eHeeflevee HeeMe: ³eesefpele: ³ele: me: ce=ieb ûenerlegced F®íefle~ 4. ce=ie: _______ ye×:~ (Me=±uew: / HeeMew:) GÊejced ce=ie: HeeMew: ye×:~

5. pecyetkeÀ: ceveefme Deeveefvole: ³ele: _______~ (lem³e ceveesjLeb HeÀefueleced / #es$eHeefle: Deeiele:) GÊejced pecyetkeÀ: ceveefme Deeveefvole: ³ele: lem³e ceveesjLeb HeÀefueleced~ 6. HeÀefueleb ces _______~ (ceveesjLeced / Òe³eespeveced) GÊejced HeÀefueleb ces ceveesjLeced~ 7. pecyetkeÀ: _______ He=<þle: efveYe=leb efmLele:~ (HeJe&lem³e / Je=#em³e) GÊejced pecyetkeÀ: Je=#em³e He=<þle: efveYe=leb efmLele:~ 8. ce=ie: ye×: DeYeJeled ³ele:_______~ (me: efce$eJe®evem³e Deveeojced DekeÀjesled / Me=ieeuesve me: ye×:

ke=Àle: ) GÊejced ce=ie: ye×: DeYeJeled ³ele: me: efce$eJe®evem³e Deveeojced

DekeÀjesled~ Ke. keÀ: kebÀ Jeoefle?

*1. ’Jevesçeqmceved SkebÀ mem³eHetCe¥ #es$eceefmle~“ GÊejced Me=ieeue: ce=ieb Jeoefle~ 2. ’FoeveeR efce$eeC³esJe MejCeb cece~“ GÊejced ce=ie: Deelceeveb Jeoefle~ 3. ’HeÀefueleb ces ceveesjLeced~“ GÊejced Me=ieeue: Deelceeveb Jeoefle~

*4. ’efce$e, efíefvOe leeJevcece yevOeveced~“ GÊejced ce=ie: Me=ieeueb Jeoefle~ 5. ’efce$e ¢{esç³eb yevOe:~“ GÊejced Me=ieeue: ce=ieb Jeoefle~ 6. ’meKes! efkeÀcesleled?“ GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb Jeoefle~. 7. ’megËodJeekeÌ³em³e Deveeojeled ye×esçnced~“ GÊejced ce=ie: keÀekebÀ Jeoefle~ ie. HetCe&JeekeÌ³esve GÊejb efueKele~

*1. ce=ie: Òel³enb #es$eb ielJee efkeÀced DekeÀjesled? GÊejced ce=ie: Òel³enb #es$eb ielJee mem³eced DeKeeoled~ 2. keÀekeÀ: keÀoe le$e GHeefmLele:? GÊejced Òeoes<ekeÀeues ce=ieceefvJe<³eved keÀekeÀ: le$e GHeefmLele:~

*3. #egêyegef×: kegÀ$e efveYe=leb efmLele:? GÊejced #egêyegef×: meceerHecesJe Je=#em³e He=<þle: efveYe=leb efmLele:~

MeyoeLee&:

DeJeyeesOeveced

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Ie. JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&efKelJee mel³eced / Demel³eced Fefle efueKele~ 1. Jeves SkebÀ HeÀueHetCe¥ #es$eceefmle~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ 2. ce=ie: Òel³enb le$e ielJee mem³eced DeKeeoled~ GÊejced mel³eced~ 3. SkeÀeqmceved efoves Me=ieeuesve HeeMe: ³eesefpele:~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ 4. ce=ie: HeeMew: ye×:~ GÊejced mel³eced~ 5. Me=ieeue: otjeled Je=#em³e He=<þle: efmLele:~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ 6. keÀekeÀ: ce=ieceeqvJe<³eved ÒeYeeles GHeefmLele:~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ ®e. Heeþ-veeceeOeeefjle: ÒeÍve:~ 1. S<e: ieÐeebMe: keÀmceeled Heeþeled G×=le:? GÊejced S<e: ieÐeebMe: `J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~' Fefle Heeþeled G×=le:~ í. DecejkeÀes<eeled Meyob ³eespeef³elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ 1. FoeveeR efce$eeefCe SJe MejCeb cece~ GÊejced FoeveeR Je³em³ee:/efmveiOee:/meJe³ee:/megËo: SJe MejCeb cece~

*2. ce=ieceefvJe<³eved keÀekeÀ: le$e GHeefmLele:~ GÊejced ce=ieceefvJe<³eved keÀjì:/Deefj<ì:/yeefueHeg<ì:/meke=ÀlÒepe: le$e

GHeefmLele:~ keÀ. OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeefve / efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeefve ef®elJee

efueKele~ OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeefve~ lJeevle-DeJ³e³eced Oeeleg: + lJee / OJee / ìdJee

/ {dJee / FlJee / Deef³elJee ielJee, ¢<ìdJee, GkeÌlJee~

efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeefve~

1. ÒeLeceevleHeoced (-:, -e:, -ced)

Me=ieeue:, SkeÀce d, mem³eHetCe&#es$ece d, ce=ie:, leod, HeeMe:, me:, MejCeced, leled, HeM³eved, pecyetkeÀ:, ¢{:, De³eced, yevOe:, DeefvJe<³eve d, keÀekeÀ:, GHeefmLele:, efkeÀced, Sleled, GkeÌleced, ye×:, Denced, ³e:, efJeHeled, meefVeefnlee, vej:, Me$egvevove:~

2. efÜleer³eevleHeoced (-ced, -eved,-efCe)

ce=ieced, lJeeced, Òel³enced, mem³eced, efce$eeefCe, HeÀefueleced, ceveesjLeced, ÒeYetlece d, Yeespeveced, yevOeveced, ceeced, mvee³egefveefce&leeve d, HeeMeeved, Sleeved, efveYe=leced, Yee<eCeced~

3. le=leer³eevleHeoced (-sve, -Ss:,-vee)

#es$eHeeflevee, HeeMew:, ce=iesCe~

4. Heáec³evleHeoced (-eled)

otjeled, Deveeojeled~

5. <e<þd³evleHeoced (-m³e, -veeced)

cece, ces, Je=#em³e, megËodJeekeÌ³em³e megËoeced, efnlekeÀeceeveece d, lem³e~

6. meHlec³evleHeoced (-s, -eqmceved, -F)

Jeves, Dee fmceved, SkeÀefmceved, efoves, ceveefme, Je´leefoJeme s, Òeoes<ekeÀeues~

7. mecyeesOeveevleHeoced efce$e, meKes~ Ke. efJeMes<eCeb-efJeMes<³eced~ 1. cesueveb kegÀ©le~

efJeMes<eCeced efJeMes<³eced *i. ¢{: vej: *ii. SkeÀefmceved HeeMeeved iii. mvee³egefveefce&leeved ceveesjLeced iv. ÒeYetleced yevOe: v. HeÀefueleced megËoeced vi. efnlekeÀeceeveeced Yeespeveced vii. Me$egvevove: efoves

GÊejced i. ¢{: yevOe:~ ii. SkeÀefmceved efoves~ iii. mvee³egefveefce&leeved HeeMeeved~ iv. ÒeYetleb Yeespeveced~ v. HeÀefueleb ceveesjLeced~ vi. efnlekeÀeceeveeb megËoeced~ vii. Me$egvevove: vej:~ ie. meefvOeefJeûenb kegÀ©le~

meefvOe: meefvOeefJeûen: 1. efkeÀefáelkeÀeueevevlejced = efkeÀefáeled + keÀeueevevlejced~ 2. Jevesçefmceved = Jeves + Deefmceved~ 3. mem³eHetCe&#es$eceefmle = mem³eHetCe&#es$eced + Deefmle~ 4. le$eeiele: = le$e + Deeiele:~ 5. HeeMewye&×: = HeeMew: + ye×:~ 6. efce$eeC³esJe = efce$eeefCe + SJe~ 7. meesçef®evle³eled = me: + Deef®evle³eled~ 8. leeJevcece = leeJeled + cece~

Meyo%eeveced

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9. pecyetkeÀes otjeosJeeJeoled = pecyetkeÀ: + otjeled + SJe + DeJeoled~

10. ¢{esç³eced = ¢{: + De³eced~ 11. HeeMeevesleeved = HeeMeeved + Sleeved~ 12. Fl³egkeÌlJee = Fefle + GkeÌlJee~ 13. meceerHecesJe = meceerHeced + SJe~ 14. ce=ieceefvJe<³eved = ce=ieced + DeefvJe<³eved~ 15. keÀekeÀmle$eesHeefmLele: = keÀekeÀ: + le$e + GHeefmLele:~ 16. efkeÀcesleled = efkeÀced + Sleled~

*17. ce=iesCeeskeÌleced = ce=iesCe + GkeÌleced~ 18. ye×esçnced = ye×:+ Denced~

Ie. uekeÀejb efueKele~ 1. Me=ieeue: ce=ieced DeJeoled~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~ 2. me: Òel³enb mem³eced DeKeeoled~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~ 3. me: Deef®evle³eled~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~ 4. FoeveeR ÒeYetleb Yeespeveb ÒeeHm³eeefce~ GÊejced ue=ìduekeÀej:~

5. efce$e efíefvOe leeJevcece yevOeveced~ GÊejced ueesìduekeÀej:~ 6. $ee³emJe ceeced ~ GÊejced ueesìduekeÀej:~ 7. ce=ieb leLeeefJeOeb ¢<ìdJee me GJee®e~ GÊejced efueìduekeÀej:~ jsKeeef®e$eced~ 1. ÒeJeeefnpeeueef®e$eb Hetj³ele~ (HeeMe³eespevee, mem³eKeeoveced, HeeMeeled cegefkeÌle³ee®evee, keÀekeÀm³e Deeieceveced) GÊejced i. mem³eKeeoveced ii. HeeMe³eespevee iii. HeeMeeled cegefkeÌle³ee®evee iv. keÀekeÀm³e Deeieceveced

(HeeþîeHegmlekeÀ-He=<þ¬eÀcee¹: 10) keÀekeÀ: Deye´tle, ’me: + JeáekeÀ: keÌJe + Deemles?“ The crow said, “Where is that cheat?” keÀeJeUe cnCeeuee, ’lees Oetle& kegÀþs Deens?“ ce=iesCe + GkeÌleced, ’cevceebmeeLeea efle<þefle + De$e + SJe~“ The deer said, “He who is desirous of my flesh he is standing here itself .” nefjCe cnCeeues, ’ceeP³ee ceebmee®eer F®íe keÀjCeeje ³esLes Leebyeuee Deens.“ keÀekeÀ: GkeÌleJeeved, ’Ghee³e: + leeJeled ef®evleveer³e:~“ The crow said, “Then some solution needs to be thought off.” keÀeJeUe cnCeeuee, ’Deelee Ghee³ee®ee efJe®eej kesÀuee Heeefnpes.“ DeLe ÒeYeeles #es$eHeefle: + ueieg[nmle: Deeie®íved keÀekesÀve + DeJeueesefkeÀle:~ Then in the morning, the crow saw the owner of the field coming with a rod in his hand. veblej mekeÀeUer l³ee Meslee®ee ceeuekeÀ neleele keÀeþer IesTve ³esle Demeu³ee®es keÀeJeUîeeves Heeefnues. leced + DeeueeskeÌ³e keÀekesÀve + GkeÌleced, ’meKes ce=ie, lJeced + Deelceeveced ce=leJeled + meboMe&³e~ Seeing him the crow said, ’Friend deer, you act as if you are dead. l³eeuee Heentve keÀeJeUe cnCeeuee, ’efce$ee njCee! let mJele:uee cesuee Deensme Demes oeKeJe.

He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced

[keÀekeÀ: Deyet́le...........................................................................................Me=ieeuemleeJeod nle:~]

ieÐeebMe: 3

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Jeelesve + Gojced Hetjef³elJee Heeoeved + mleyOeerke=Àl³e efle<þ~ Fill up your abdomen with wind and stay still without moving your legs. MJeemeeves Heesì HegÀieJetve Hee³e efveM®eue þsJe. ³eoe + Denced Meyob keÀjesefce leoe lJeced + GlLee³e melJejb Heueeef³e<³emes~“ When I shall call out, you will quickly stand up and will run.“ pesJne ceer (keÀeJekeÀeJe Demee) Meyo keÀjsve, lesJne let Gþtve leeye[leesye HeUeJesme.“ ce=ie: + leLee + SJe efmLele:~ The deer stayed like that. nefjCe lemes®e He[tve jeefnues. #es$eHeeflevee ce=ie: DeeueesefkeÀle: GkeÌleced + ®e, ’Dee:! mJe³eb ce=le: + Deefme!“ The owner of the field saw the deer and said, “Oh! he himself is dead.” Meslee®³ee ceeuekeÀeves njCeeuee Heeefnues DeeefCe cnìues, ’íeve! mJele:®e cesueeme!“ me: ce=ieb yevOeveeled J³ecegáeled~ He released the deer from the bonds. l³eeves njCeeuee yebOeveeHeemetve ceeskeÀUs kesÀues. lele: keÀekeÀMeyob ÞeglJee ce=ie: melJejb Heueeef³ele:~ Then hearing the sound of the crow, the deer quickly ran away. veblej keÀeJeUîee®ee DeeJeepe SsketÀve nefjCe ueieyeieerves HeUtve iesues. leced + GefÎM³e #es$eHeeflevee ef#eHlesve ueieg[sve Me=ieeue: + leeJeled + nle:~ The jackal was killed with the rod thrown by the owner of the field that was meant for the deer. l³ee®³ee efoMesves Meslee®³ee ceeuekeÀeves HesÀkeÀuesu³ee keÀeþerves keÀesune lesJne ceejuee iesuee. GkeÌleced said (cnCeeuee) GlLee³e getting up (Gþtve) Gojced stomach (Heesì) GefÎM³e meant for (GodosMetve) keÌJe where (kegÀþtve) ef#eHle thrown (HesÀkeÀuesues) Heueeef³e<³emes you will run (let HeUeJesme) Hetjef³elJee having filled (Yeªve) cevceebmeeLeea he who desires my flesh/meat

(ceeP³ee ceebmee®eer F®íe keÀjCeeje) ce=leJeled as if dead (cesuee Demeu³ee®es) ueieg[nmle: stick in hand (neleeceO³es keÀeþer Demeuesuee) JeáekeÀ: cheat (Oetle&) Jeelesve with wind/air (MJeemeeves) J³ecegáeled released/freed (ceeskeÀUs kesÀues) Meyob keÀjesefce make a sound (DeeJeepe keÀjsve) melJejced quickly (leeye[leesye) mleyOeerke=Àl³e keeping still (efveM®eue þsTve) nle: killed (ceejuee iesuee)

keÀ. Gef®eleb keÀejCeb / He³ee&³eb ef®elJee JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&Kele~ 1. ueieg[nmle: #es$eHeefle: _______Deeie®íled~ (ÒeYeeles / Òeoes<ekeÀeues) GÊejced ueieg[nmle: #es$eHeefle: ÒeYeeles Deeie®íled~ 2. #es$eHeefle: ce=ieb yevOeveeled J³ecegáeled ³ele: _______~ (me: ce=ie: ce=le: Fefle ef®eefvleleJeeved / HeeMeye×b ce=ieb ¢<ìdJee lem³e

Ëo³eced DeêJeled~) GÊejced #es$eHeefle: ce=ieb yevOeveeled J³ecegáeled ³ele: me: ce=ie: ce=le: Fefle

ef®eefvleleJeeved~ 3. keÀekeÀMeyob ÞeglJee ce=ie: _______Heueeef³ele:~ (Mevew: Mevew: / melJejced) GÊejced keÀekeÀMeyob ÞeglJee ce=ie: melJejced Heueeef³ele:~ 4. Me=ieeue: nle: ³ele: _______~ (#es$eHeeflevee ce=iecegefÎM³e ef#eHle: ueieg[: Me=ieeues Heeflele: /

Me=ieeue: peeues ye×: peele:) GÊejced Me=ieeue: nle: ³ele: #es$eHeeflevee ce=iecegefÎM³e ef#eHle: ueieg[:

Me=ieeues Heeflele:~

MeyoeLee&: DeJeyeesOeveced

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Ke. keÀ: kebÀ Jeoefle?

*1. ’me: JeáekeÀ: keÌJeemles?“ GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb Jeoefle~ 2. ’cevceebmeeLeea efle<þl³e$ewJe~“ GÊejced ce=ie: keÀekebÀ Jeoefle~ 3. ’Ghee³emleeJeled ef®evleveer³e:~“ GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb Jeoefle~ 4. ’lJeceelceeveb ce=leJelmeboMe&³e~“ GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb Jeoefle~ 5. ’Jeelesveesojb Hetjef³elJee HeeoevmleyOeerke=Àl³e efle<þ~“ GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb Jeoefle~ 6. ’mJe³eb ce=leesçefme~“ GÊejced #es$eHeefle: Deelceeveb Jeoefle~ ie. HetCe&JeekeÌ³esve GÊejb efueKele~ 1. ÒeYeeles #es$eb keÀ: Deeie®íled? GÊejced ÒeYeeles ueieg[nmle: #es$eHeefle: #es$eced Deeie®íled~ 2. keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb efkebÀ keÀleg&ced DeJeoled? GÊejced keÀekeÀ: ce=ieb Deelceeveb ce=leJelmeboMe&ef³elegb, Jeelesveesojb

Hetjef³elJee HeeoevmleyOeerke=Àl³e mLeelegced DeJeoled~ 3. efkebÀ ÞeglJee ce=ie: melJejb Heueeef³ele:? GÊejced keÀekeÀMeyob ÞeglJee ce=ie: melJejb Heueeef³ele:~

*4. Me=ieeue: kesÀve nle:? GÊejced ce=ieb GefÎM³e #es$eHeeflevee ef#eHlesve ueieg[sve Me=ieeue: nle:~ Ie. JeekeÌ³eb Hegveefue&efKelJee mel³eced / Demel³eced Fefle efueKele~ 1. ueieg[nmle: #es$eHeefle: mee³e*dkeÀeues Deeie®íled~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ 2. #es$eHeeflevee keÀekeÀ: DeeueesefkeÀle:~ GÊejced Demel³eced~ 3. #es$eHeefle: ce=ieb yevOeveeled J³ecegáeled~ GÊejced mel³eced~ 4. keÀekeÀMeyob ÞeglJee ce=ie: melJejb Heueeef³ele:~ GÊejced mel³eced~ 5. #es$eHeeflevee ef#eHlesve ueieg[sve Me=ieeue: nle:~ GÊejced mel³eced~

®e. Heeþ-veeceeOeeefjle: ÒeÍve:~ 1. S<e: ieÐeebMe: keÀmceeled Heeþeled G×=le:? GÊejced S<e: ieÐeebMe: `J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~' Fefle Heeþeled G×=le:~ keÀ. OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeefve / efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeefve ef®elJee efueKele~ OeelegmeeefOele-DeJ³e³eeefve~ lJeevle-DeJ³e³eced Oeeleg: + lJee / OJee / ìdJee

/ {dJee / FlJee / Deef³elJee Hetjef³elJee, ÞeglJee~

u³eyevle-DeJ³e³eced GHemeie&: + Oeeleg: + ³e / l³e DeeueeskeÌ³e, GlLee³e, GefÎM³e~

efJeYekeÌl³evleHeoeefve~

1. ÒeLeceevleHeoced (-:, -ced, -Jeeved)

keÀekeÀ:, me:, JeáekeÀ:, cevceebmeeLeea, GkeÌleJeeved, Ghee³e:, ef®evleveer³e:, #es$eHeefle:, ueieg[nmle:, Deeie®íved, DeJeueesefkeÀle:, GkeÌleced, lJece d, ce=leJeled, Denced, ce=ie:, DeeueesefkeÀle:, GkeÌle:, ce=le:, Heueeef³ele:, Me=ieeue:, nle:~

2. efÜleer³eevleHeoced (-ced, -eved)

lece d, Gojced, Meyoced, ce=iece d, keÀekeÀMeyoce d, leced, Deelceeveced, Heeoeved~

3. le=leer³eevleHeoced (-sve, vee)

ce=iesCe, keÀekesÀve, Jeelesve, #es$eHeeflevee, ef#eHlesve, ueieg[ sve~

4. Heáec³evleHeoced (-eled)

yevOeveeled~

5. meHlec³evleHeoced ÒeYeeles~ 6. mecyeesOeveced meKes, ce=ie~

Ke. efJeMes<eCeb-efJeMes<³eced~ 1. cesueveb kegÀ©le~

efJeMes<eCeced efJeMes<³eced *i. ef#eHlesve Me=ieeue: *ii. ueieg[nmle: ueieg[sve

iii. nle: #es$eHeefle: GÊejced i. ef#eHlesve ueieg[sve~ ii. ueieg[nmle: #es$eHeefle:~ iii. nle: Me=ieeue:~

Meyo%eeveced

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ie. meefvOeefJeûenb kegÀ©le~ meefvOe: meefvOeefJeûen: 1. keÌJeemles = keÌJe + Deemles~ 2. efle<þl³e$ewJe = efle<þefle + De$e + SJe~ 3. Ghee³emleeJeled = Ghee³e: + leeJeled~ 4. #es$eHeefleue&ieg[nmle: = #es$eHeefle: + ueieg[nmle:~ 5. keÀekesÀveeJeueesefkeÀle: = keÀekesÀve + DeJeueesefkeÀle:~ 6. leceeueeskeÌ³e = leced + DeeueeskeÌ³e~ 7. keÀekesÀveeskeÌleced = keÀekesÀve + GkeÌleced~ 8. lJeceelceeveced = lJeced + Deelceeveced~ 9. ce=leJelmeboMe&³e = ce=leJeled + meboMe&³e~

*10. Jeelesveesojced = Jeelesve + Gojced~ 11. HeeoevmleyOeerke=Àl³e = Heeoeved + mleyOeerke=Àl³e~ 12. ³eoenced = ³eoe + Denced~ 13. lJeceglLee³e = lJeced + GlLee³e~ 14. ce=iemleLewJe = ce=ie: + leLee + SJe~ 15. GkeÌleáe = GkeÌleced + ®e~

*16. ce=leesçefme = ce=le: + Deefme~ 17. lecegefÎM³e = leced + GefÎM³e~ 18. Me=ieeuemleeJeod nle: = Me=ieeue: + leeJeled + nle:~

Ie. uekeÀejb efueKele~ 1. lJeceelceeveb ce=leJeled meboMe&³e ~ GÊejced ueesìduekeÀej:~ 2. HeeoevmleyOeerke=Àl³e efle<þ~ GÊejced ueesìduekeÀej:~ 3. me: ce=ieb yevOeveeled J³ecegáeled~ GÊejced ue*duekeÀej:~ jsKeeef®e$eced~ peeuejsKeeef®e$eb Hetj³ele~ (ce¡et<ee: melJejb Heuee³eveced, HeeomleyOeerkeÀjCeced, Meyob ÞeglJee GlLeeveced, JeelesveesojHetjCeced)

GÊejced i. JeelesveesojHetjCeced ii. HeeomleyOeerkeÀjCeced iii. Meyob ÞeglJee GlLeeveced iv. melJejb Heuee³eveced

*ceeO³eceYee<e³ee GÊejle~ 1. `me vej: Me$egvevove:' Fefle Je®eveb keÀLee³ee: DeeOeejsCe

mHe<ìerkegÀ©le~ [March 2019] GÊejced The story `J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~' from the

`efce$eueeYe:' section of Hitopadesh a compilation of didactic stories by Pandit Narayan, sheds light on the fact that the test of a friend is in times of calamity. me: vej: Me$egvevove: means such a person becomes the cause of joy to the enemy.

In this story, deer who blindly trusted the jackal without paying heed to the timely advice given by the crow about not trusting an unknown person at the first go, found itself trapped in the net laid by the owner of the field when he observed the deer regularly eating corn in his field. The deer realized that the jackal had cheated it when its cry for help was turned down with a flimsy excuse.

When the crow came looking out for the deer, the deer admitted that as he had disregarded the crow’s advice, he had met with this untoward calamity. In this case the trapped deer was the delight of or cause of happiness to its real enemy the jackal and the field owner, who were awaiting this chance. Had the deer listened to the advice of his friend (the crow), he would not have met with this situation.

`J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~' ner keÀLee Hebef[le veeje³eCe ³eebveer mebkeÀefuele kesÀuesu³ee veweflekeÀ cetu³e efMekeÀJeCeeN³ee efnleesHeosMe veecekeÀ ûebLeeceOeerue `efce$eueeYe:' ³ee efJeYeeieeceOetve Iesleueer Deens. pees DeeHeu³ee efnleef®eblekeÀ efce$ee®ee GHeosMe mJeerkeÀejle veener l³eeuee mebkeÀìeb®ee meecevee keÀjeJee ueeielees. Demee ceeCetme Me$etbvee Deevebo osTve peelees.

³ee keÀLesceO³es njCeeves keÀeJeUîee®ee meuuee ve SskeÀu³eeves mJele:®es ÒeeCe ieceeJeC³ee®eer JesU mJele:Jej Dees{Jetve Iesleueer nesleer. ³ee iees<ìer®ee pesJne l³eeuee HeM®eelleeHe neslees lesJne l³ee®³ee leeW[tve `me vej: Me$egvevove:' Demes Godieej ³esleele.

De®eevekeÀ Yesìuesu³ee keÀesunîeeJej njCeeves efJeMJeeme þsJeuee. keÀeJeUîeeves njCeeuee FMeeje keÀªvener njCeeves, l³ee®³eekeÀ[s ogue&#e kesÀues. keÀesunîeeves oeKeJeuesu³ee Mesleele nefjCe jespe Oeev³e Keele Demes. ns Heentve Meslee®³ee ceeuekeÀeves l³eeuee HekeÀ[C³eemeeþer Mesleele peeUs Hemeªve þsJeues. ueebyetve ns Heenle Demeuesuee keÀesune Deelee DeeHeu³eeuee Kee³euee YejHetj ceebme efceUsue ³ee efJe®eejeves Deevebefole Peeuee.

He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced

HeeþeOeeefjlee: Dev³es ÒeÍvee:~

keÀekeÀm³e Ghee³e¬eÀce:

i

ii

iii

iv

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34


nefjCe MesJeìer Oeev³eeves Yejuesu³ee Mesleele ceeuekeÀeves ìekeÀuesu³ee peeUîeele De[keÀues. keÀesunîeekeÀ[s ceole ceeietvener keÀesunîeeves njCeeuee ceole kesÀueer veener. njCeeuee DeeHeueer ®etkeÀ ue#eele Deeueer. keÀeJeUe DeeHeu³ee efce$ee®ee MeesOe Iesle Deeuee Je njCeeuee De[keÀuesues Heeefnues. njCeeves keÀeJeUîeemeceesj DeeHeueer ®etkeÀ ceev³e kesÀueer.

DeMeeÒekeÀejs, keÀLeekeÀejeves Demes meg®eJeues, keÀer pees DeeHeu³ee efce$ee®es SskeÀle veener lees DeeHeu³ee Me$etuee Deevebo oslees.

2. keÀekesÀve keÀ: Ghee³e: GkeÌle:? GÊejced The story `J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~' from the

`efce$eueeYe:' section of Hitopadesh by Pandit Narayan sheds light on the fact that the test of a friend is in times of calamity.

The crow who was the true friend of the deer came to its aid when the deer was trapped in the snares set by the field owner. When the crow saw the deer trapped, the crow suggested that the deer should lie still as if dead by filling up its stomach with air and should stay still without moving the legs. When the field owner would come he would think the deer to be dead and when he would remove the net, the deer would have to stand up and run away quickly.

Thus, the wise crow who was the deer’s true friend stood by it in times of difficulty and helped it.

`J³emeves efce$eHejer#ee~' ner keÀLee Hebef[le veeje³eCe ³eebveer mebkeÀefuele kesÀuesu³ee veweflekeÀ cetu³e efMekeÀJeCeeN³ee efnleesHeosMe veecekeÀ ûebLeeceOeerue `efce$eueeYe:' ³ee efJeYeeieeceOetve Iesleueer Deens.

peeUîeele De[keÀuesu³ee njCeeuee Heentve njCee®ee Keje efce$e Demeuesuee keÀeJeUe l³eeuee Jee®eJeC³ee®eer ³egkeÌleer ue{Jelees. keÀeJeUe njCeeuee Heesìele Jee³et Yeªve Heesì HegÀieJetve þsJee³euee meebielees Je l³eeuee Hee³e ve nueJelee efmLej jenC³eeme meebielees. cesu³ee®es meeWie Iesleuesu³ee njCeeuee pesJne Meslee®ee

ceeuekeÀ mees[Jee³euee ³eslees lesJne keÀeJeUe njCeeuee HeUe³e®ee FMeeje keÀjlees.

DeMeeÒekeÀejs, keÀeJeUîeeves njCeeuee peeUîeeceOetve megìC³ee®ee Ghee³e meebefieleuee.

*leeefuekeÀeb Hetj³ele~ 1.

JekeÌ$ee mebJeeob cesue³ele pecyetkeÀ: ce=ie:

(ce_pet<ee - $ee³emJe ceeced, oMe&³eeefce lJeeced, ¢{esç³eb yevOe:,

efíefvOe cece yevOeveced~) GÊejced

JekeÌ$ee mebJeeob cesue³ele pecyetkeÀ: ce=ie:

oMe&³eeefce lJeeced~ $ee³emJe ceeced~ ¢{esç³eb yevOe:~ efíefvOe cece yevOeveced~

2. JekeÌ$ee mebJeeob cesue³ele

ce=ie: keÀekeÀ:

(ce_pet<ee – Deueb efJeJeeosve, keÀesç³eb efÜleer³e:?, SJecemleg,

DemcelmeK³eced F®íefle~) GÊejced

JekeÌ$ee mebJeeob cesue³ele ce=ie: keÀekeÀ:

Deueb efJeJeeosve~ keÀesç³eb efÜleer³e:? DemcelmeK³eced F®íefle~ SJecemleg~

DeJ³e³eeveeb / Oeeletveeced GHe³eesieb ke=ÀlJee JeekeÌ³eeefve efueKele~

¬eÀ. Oeeleg:/DeJ³e³eced DeLe&: efJeYeeqkeÌle: GoenjCeced

Heeþle: HeeþJ³eefleefjkeÌleced 1. men with (meceJesle) le=leer³ee i. #egêyegef×: ce=iesCe men ce=iem³e

efveJeememLeeveb iele:~ ii. DekeÀmceeled Deeievlegvee men efce$elee ve ³egkeÌlee~

ceelee yeeuekesÀve men efJeÐeeue³eb ie®íefle~

met®eveevegmeejb ke=Àleer: kegÀ©le~

uesKevekeÀewMeueced~

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2. Deueced enough (Hegjs) le=leer³ee Deueb efJeJeeosve~ Deueb keÀesHesve~ 3. He=<þle: behind (ceeies) <e<þer me: Je=#em³e He=<þle: efveYe=leb efmLele:~ Üejm³e He=<þle: keÀesçefHe Deefmle~ 4. ieced (1 He.He) go (peeCes) efÜleer³ee #egêyegef×: ce=iem³e efveJeememLeeveb iele:~ yeeuekeÀe: HeeþMeeueeb

ie®íefvle~ De. He=LekeÌkeÀjCeced [Based on the words from chapter. (Heeþele Deeuesu³ee MeyoebJej DeeOeeefjle)] veece, meJe&veece, ef¬eÀ³eeHeoced, OeelegmeeefOele-efJeMes<eCeced Sles<eeb ªHeeefCe He=LekeÌkegÀ©le~

veece DejC³eced , yevOeveced , Yeeef<eleced , Gojced , keÀLee, #es$eHeefle:, yevOeg:, keÀlee&, Heeoeved , efce$eeefCe, HeeMew:, ce=iesCe, keÀekesÀve, Jeelesve, #es$eHeeflevee, mJeeLe&nslegvee, megËoeced , J³emeves, DejC³es, meefJeleefj, ceveefme, ns meKes~

meJe&veece me:, keÀ:, ³e:, YeJeeved , De³eced , efkeÀced , S<ee, leled , Sleled , Denced , lJeced , meJex, Je³eced , leced , lJeeced-lJee, ceeced-cee, Sleeved , kesÀve, lem³e, cece-ces, Deefmceved~

ef¬eÀ³eeHeoced efveJemele:, F®íefle, efle<þefle, efveJemeefle, Deefmle, Me=Ceesefle, Deemles, Deefme, mHe=Meeefce, oMe&³eeefce, efveJemeece:, Ss®íled , DeJeoled , DeKeeoled , Deef®evle³eled , GHeeefoMeled , J³ecegáeled , Deemeerled , Deye´Jeerled , Deen, Deye´tle, Demleg, efíefvOe, efle<þ, meboMe&³e, $ee³emJe, Heueeef³e<³emes, ÒeeHm³eeefce, GJee®e~

OeelegmeeefOele-efJeMes<eCeced DeJeueesefkeÀle:, iele:, ³egkeÌlee, GkeÌleced , ³eesefpele:, Deeiele:, ye×:, Deeveefvole:, HeÀefueleced , efmLele:, GHeefmLele:, meefVeefnlee, ce=le:, Heueeef³ele:, nle:, ef®evleveer³e:, Ye´ceved , HeM³eved , DeeqvJe<³eved , Deeie®íved~

Dee. efveefo&<ìe: ke=Àleer: kegÀ©le~ meceemeeveeb leeefuekeÀeHetefle¥ kegÀ©le~ ¬eÀ. mecemleHeoced Meaning / DeLe& efJeûen: meceeme-veece 1. ce=ieMe=ieeueew deer and jackal (nefjCe DeeefCe keÀesune) ce=ie: ®e Me=ieeue: ®e~ Flejslej-ÜvÜ: meceeme:~ 2. mem³eHetCe&ced filled with grain/corn (Oeev³eeves Yejuesues) mem³ew: HetCe&ced~ le=leer³ee-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 3. mvee³egefveefce&lee: made with sinews (mvee³etbHeemetve yeveJeuesues) mvee³egefYe: efveefce&lee:~ le=leer³ee-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 4. Je´leefoJeme: day for fast (Je´leemeeþer efoJeme) Je´lee³e efoJeme:~ ®elegLeea-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 5. efveJeememLeeveced place for staying (jenC³eemeeþer peeiee) efveJeemee³e mLeeveced~ ®elegLeea-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 6. Òeoes<ekeÀeue: time of twilight (mebO³eekeÀeU®ee r JesU) Òeoes<em³e keÀeue:~ <e<þer-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 7. megËoJeekeÌ³eced words of a friend (efce$ee®es yeesueCes) megËo: JeekeÌ³eced~ <e<þer-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~

8. cevceebmeeLeea desirous of my flesh (ceeP³ee ceebmee®eer F®íe keÀjCeeje) cevceebmem³e DeLeea~ <e<þer-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~

9. keÀekeÀMeyo: words of the crow (keÀeJeUîee®es yeesueCes) keÀekeÀm³e Meyo:~ <e<þer-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 10. #es$eHeefle: owner of the field (Meslee®ee ceeuekeÀ) #es$em³e Heefle:~ <e<þer-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 11. DeHeefjef®ele: not known (Heefjef®ele vemeuesuee) ve Heefjef®ele:~ ve_ed-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 12. Deveeoj: no respect (Deeoj vemeuesuee) ve Deeoj:~ ve_ed-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 13. efnlekeÀecee: wishing well (efnlee®eer F®íe keÀjlees) efnleb keÀece³eles Fefle~ GHeHeo-lelHeg©<e: meceeme:~ 14. ÒeLeceoMe&veced first sight (Heefnues oMe&ve) ÒeLeceb oMe&veced~ keÀce&Oeej³e: meceeme:~ 15. Òel³enced daily (jespe) Denefve Denefve~ DeJ³e³eerYeeJe: meceeme:~ 16. mekeÀesHeced with anger (jeieeves) keÀesHesve men~ DeJ³e³eerYeeJe: meceeme:~

17. ueieg[nmle: he in whose hand is a rod (neleeceO³es keÀeþer p³ee®³ee Demee lees) ueieg[: nmles ³em³e me:~ yengJe´erefn: meceeme:~

Yee<eeY³eeme:~

Sample

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meceeveeLe&keÀMeyoeved efueKele~

1. efJeYeeiee: parts (Yeeie) = KeC[e:~ 2. ueeYe: gain (ueeYe) = ÒeeefHle:~ 3. Yeso: difference (Yeso) = efJeûen:~ 4. DejC³eced forest (Jeve) = Jeveced, keÀeveveced~ 5. ce=ie: animal (HeMet) = HeMeg:, Jeve®ej:, ÒeeCeer~ 6. keÀekeÀ: crow (keÀeJeUe) = SkeÀe#e:, yeefueYe#ekeÀ:, keÀjì:~ 7. Me=ieeue: jackal (keÀesune) = pecyetkeÀ:~ 8. efce$eleeced friendship (cew$eer) = meK³eced, meewneo&ced~ 9. efveJeememLeeveced residence (jenC³ee®es efþkeÀeCe) = efvekesÀleveced, ie=nced~ 10. Deye´tle said (cnCeeuee) = DeJeoled, Deieoled, Deye´Jeerled, Deen, DeYeCeled~ 11. ³egkeÌlee proper (³eesi³e) = ³eesi³ee~ 12. Heefjef®ele: known (ceenerle Demeuesuee) = %eele:~ 13. efJeJeeo: discussion (efJeJeeo) = J³eJenej:, GHev³eeme:~ 14. Deevevosve happily (Deeveboeves) = megKesve~ 15. #es$eced field (Mesle) = Yetefce:~ 16. Òel³enced everyday (jespe) = Òeefleefoveced, ÒeefleefoJemeced~ 17. #es$eHeefle: farmer (Meslee®ee ceeuekeÀ) = YetefceOeejkeÀ:~ 18. HeeMe: net (peeUs) = peeue:~ 19. Deef®evle³eled thought (efJe®eej kesÀuee) = Decev³ele~ 20. ceveesjLeced thought (F®íe) = mJeHveced, efJe®eej:~ 21. ÒeYetleced a lot (Heg<keÀU) = Òe®egjced, Yetefj~ 22. Yeespeveced food (Devve) = Deenej:, KeeÐeced, DeVeced~ 23. $ee³emJe protect (Jee®eJe) = j#e~ 24. ¢{: firm (Ieìdì) = IeÆ:~ 25. efveYe=leced hidden (ueHeuesues) = iegHleced, Òe®íVeced~ 26. Òeoes<ekeÀeues at the dusk (mebO³eekeÀeUer) = mee³e*dkeÀeues~ 27. megËod friend (efce$e) = efce$eced, meKee~ 28. Deveeojeled due to insult (DeHeceeveeves) = DeHeceeveeled, DeJeceeveeled, HeefjYeJeeled~ 29. Yeeef<eleced speech (yeesueCes) = JekeÌleJ³eced, Yee<eCeced~

efJe©×eLe&keÀMeyoeved efueKele~

1. mvesnsve with love (Òesceeves) jes<esCe~ with anger (jeieeves) 2. ³egkeÌlee proper (³eesi³e) De³egkeÌlee~ improper (De³eesi³e)

*3. ye×: bound (De[keÀuesues) cegkeÌle:~ free (ceeskeÀUs Peeuesues) *4. ¢{: firm (Ieìdì) De¢{:~ loose (mewue) 5. JeáekeÀ: deceiver (Oetle&) ÒeeceeefCekeÀ:~ honest (ÒeeceeefCekeÀ) 6. megËod friend (efce$e) Deefj:, Me$eg:~ enemy (Me$et) 7. efJeHeled calamity (mebkeÀì) mecHeled~ prosperity (SsMJe³e&)

*8. cew$eer friendship (cew$eer) Me$eglJeced, Me$eglee~ enmity (Me$etlee) *9. ÒeYetleced plenty (Heg<keÀU) ceveekedÀ, mleeskeÀced, DeuHeced~ little (DeuHe)

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³eesi³eb He³ee&³eb ef®evegle~ keÀ. Jee®³eced DeeOeejerke=Àl³e~ 1. SkeÀoe ef®e$ee²: Jeves Ye´ceved Me=ieeuesve DeJeueesefkeÀle:~ (keÀle=&Jee®³eced / keÀce&Jee®³eced) GÊejced keÀce&Jee®³eced~ 2. leod ¢<ìdJee SkeÀefmceved efoves #es$eHeeflevee HeeMe: ³eesefpele:~ (keÀle=&Jee®³eced / keÀce&Jee®³eced) GÊejced keÀce&Jee®³eced~ 3. Denb Sleeved HeeMeeved keÀLeb mHe=Meeefce~ (keÀle=&Jee®³eced / keÀce&Jee®³eced) GÊejced keÀle=&Jee®³eced~ 4. keÀekesÀve ueieg[nmle: #es$eHeefle: Deeie®íved DeJeueesefkeÀle:~ (keÀle=&Jee®³eced / keÀce&Jee®³eced) GÊejced keÀce&Jee®³eced~ 5. #es$eHeeflevee ce=ie: DeeueesefkeÀle:~ (keÀle=&Jee®³eced / keÀce&Jee®³eced) GÊejced keÀce&Jee®³eced~ Ke. YeJeeved-lJeced DeeOeejerke=Àl³e~ 1. YeJeeveefHe DeHeefjef®ele: SJe _______~ (Deemeer: / Deemeerled) [March 2019] GÊejced YeJeeveefHe DeHeefjef®ele: SJe Deemeerled~ 2. lJeb cece yevOeveb efíefvOe~ (efíefvOe / efívle) GÊejced lJeb cece yevOeveb efíefvOe~ 3. lJeb ceeb $ee³emJe~ ($ee³eleeced / $ee³emJe) GÊejced lJeb ceeb $ee³emJe~ 4. lJeb Deelceeveb ce=leJeled _______~ (meboMe&³eleg / meboMe&³e) GÊejced lJeb Deelceeveb ce=leJeled meboMe&³e~ 5. YeJeeved Jeelesveesojb Hetjef³elJee HeeoevmleyOeerke=Àl³e _______~ (efle<þ / efle<þleg) GÊejced YeJeeved Jeelesveesojb Hetjef³elJee HeeoevmleyOeerke=Àl³e efle<þleg~ 6. lJeced GlLee³e melJejb _______~ (Heueeef³e<³eles / Heueeef³e<³emes) GÊejced lJeced GlLee³e melJejb Heueeef³e<³emes~ 7. lJeb mJe³eb ce=le: _______~ (Deefmle / Deefme) GÊejced lJeb mJe³eb ce=le: Deefme~ ie. efJeMes<eCe-efJeMes<³eced DeeOeejerke=Àl³e~ 1. Deeqmceved Jeves SkebÀ mem³eHetCe¥ _______ Deefmle~ (#es$eced / #es$eeefCe) GÊejced Deeqmceved Jeves SkebÀ mem³eHetCe¥ #es$eced Deefmle~ 2. _______ efoves #es$eHeeflevee HeeMe: ³eesefpele:~ (SkeÀm³e / SkeÀeqmceved) GÊejced SkeÀeqmceved efoves #es$eHeeflevee HeeMe: ³eesefpele:~ 3. ces ceveesjLeb _______~ (HeÀefuele: / HeÀefueleced) GÊejced ces ceveesjLeb HeÀefueleced~ 4. FoeveeR _______Yeespeveb ÒeeHm³eeefce~ (ÒeYetleb / ÒeYetleeced) GÊejced FoeveeR ÒeYetleb Yeespeveb ÒeeHm³eeefce~

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5. De³eb yevOe: _______~ (¢{e: / ¢{:) GÊejced De³eb yevOe: ¢{:~ 6. mvee³egefveefce&leeved _______ Sleeved keÀLeb Jee Je´leefoJemes mHe=Meeefce~ (HeeMeeced / HeeMeeved) GÊejced mvee³egefveefce&leeved HeeMeeved Sleeved keÀLeb Jee Je´leefoJemes mHe=Meeefce~ 7. ÒeYeeles ueieg[nmle: _______Deeie®íled~ (#es$eHeefle: / #es$eHeefleced) GÊejced ÒeYeeles ueieg[nmle: #es$eHeefle: Deeie®íled~ 8. #es$eHeeflevee ef#eHlesve _______Me=ieeue: nle:~ (ueieg[sve / ueieg[eled) GÊejced #es$eHeeflevee ef#eHlesve ueieg[sve Me=ieeue: nle:~ 1. Heeþeled GHeHeoefJeYeeqkeÌle³egkeÌleeefve JeekeÌ³eeefve ef®elJee efueKele~ GÊejced Refer to uesKevekeÀewMeueced for the answer.

GHe¬eÀce:

https://www.targetpublications.org/std-10th-sanskrit-aanand-book-ssc-maharashtra-board-perfect-series.html

sample - target publications

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