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14-04-2011 GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVESOURCE OF ENERGY 1

TOPIC:GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF

ENERGY

Submitted To:Prof. Abid Haleem (HOD)Prof. Mohd. Islam

Dr. Mohd. Suhaib

Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Technology

Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi-110025

Submitted By:Md. AzheruddinMohd. Danish Mohib

Ashif PerwezMd. Adil Mahboob


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Energy fuelled in ways that do not use up

natural resources or harm the environment.

(Oxford Dictionary)

Energy that is not popularly used and is usually

environmentally sound, such as solar or wind

energy (as opposed to fossil fuels).

(Natural Resources Defense Council)


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TYPES OF ENERGY

Exhaustible Sources of Energy

Non-Exhaustible Sources of energy

Green energy



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ALTERNATIVE

SOURCESOF ENERGY


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WASTE AND ITS TYPES

Biodegradable waste:-

Biodegradable waste is a type of waste, typically

originating from plant or animal sources, which may bedegraded by other living organisms.

Non-biodegradable Waste:-

Waste that cannot be broken down by other livingorganisms are called non-biodegradable .



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CALORIFIC VALUE

Component Moisture(In %)

Volatiles(In %)

FixedCarbon(In %)

Ash(In %)

CalorificValue(In %)

Paper

and Card

5-10 76-81 8-12 2-6 15.7-

18.6

Vegetable waste

78.3 78.1 3.5 1.1 4.2

Grass 75.2 18.7 4.5 1.6 4.8

Wood 20 67.9 11.3 0.8 19.6

Rubber 1.2 84.0 4.9 9.9 25.9

Calorific value is the amount of heat generated from combustionof a unit weight of a substance, expressed as kcal/kg.


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WHAT IS GARBAGE ENERGY?

Waste-to-energy or energy-from-wasteis the process of creating energy in the formof electricity or heat from the incineration ofwaste source

MostWaste-to energy processes produceelectricity directly through combustion, orproduce a combustible fuel commodity, such

as methane, methanol, ethanol or syntheticfuels.

Ref:Wikipedia


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METHODS TO PRODUCE GARBAGE ENERGY

INCINERATION

Incineration, the combustion of organic materialsuch as waste with energy recovery is the

most common waste-to-energy implementation

By separating the organic matter and letting itrot in an airtight environment to produce

methane, which is used as a fuel. The dry residueis then burned and the heat from this can also beharnessed


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THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES:

Gasification (produces combustible gas,

hydrgen,synthetic fuels)

Thermal depolymerization (produces syntheticcrude oil, which can be further refined)

Pyrolysis (produces combustible tar/bio oil andchars)



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Anaerobic digestion (Biogas rich in methane)

Fermentation production (examples areethanol, lactic acid, hydrogen)

Mechanical biological treatment (MBT)

NON-THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES:



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According to the IntegratedWaste

Energy Association

There are 90 waste-to-energy plantsin the United States.

The energy produced by the nation's90 waste-to-energy facilities is theelectricity generating equivalent of

30 million barrels of crude oil.


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14-04-2011GARBAGE AS A ALTERNATIVE

SOURCE OF ENERGY 13

For every ton of trash disposed in a waste-to-energyplant, there is one ton LESS of carbon dioxide emissionreleased into the air due to avoiding land disposal and

fossil fuel generation.

The energy produced by the nation's waste-to-energyplants is enough to meet the energy needs of2.3 million American homes.

America's 90 waste-to-energy plants displace7.8 million tons of coal that otherwise would becombusted for energy each year.

According to the Integrated WasteEnergy Association


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SOURCE OF ENERGY 14

ADVANTAGES FROM GARBAGE ENERGY

Fossil Fuel Dependence Is Reduced

Energy Is Produced Domestically

Stability In Availability And Pricing

The Local Community And Economy Benefitfrom These facilities

More Space In Landfills Is Available


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SOURCE OF ENERGY 15

ADVANTAGES FROM GARBAGE ENERGY

There Is An Unlimited Supply Of Municipal Waste

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Are Significantly Reduced

This Energy Generation Is Environmentally Friendly

Municipal Waste To Energy Promotes Recycling

Municipal Waste To Energy Plants are strictlymonitored


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SOURCE OF ENERGY 16

DISADVANTAGES FROM GARBAGE ENERGY

Initial cost of the waste-energy-plant is high.

The burning of the garbage releases the chemicalsand substances found in the waste.

These chemicals can be hazardous to people andthe environment if they are not properly controlled.


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SOURCE OF ENERGY 17

Waste-to-energy plants will impede recycling

programs. If all the waste is burned then there willbe little incentive to recycle used products.

Opposition from environmental and citizen group.

Less conversion efficiency.

DISADVANTAGES FROM GARBAGE ENERGY


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SOURCE OF ENERGY 18

Recycling saves energy; waste-to-energy plantsmake energy from garbage; landfills can be minedfor the methane they produce.

In addition, by utilizing methane for energyproduction, these systems eliminate emissions ofgreenhouse gas that is at least 20 times morepowerful than carbon dioxide in promoting global

warming.

Conclusion


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SOURCE OF ENERGY 19

REFRENCESWIKIPEDIAOXFORD DICTIONARY

By CHARLES W. JOHNSONNews Editor for the Southern StandardENERGY POLICY, Brazil Paper of M.A. KishimbaChemistry Department, University of Dar es Salaam

Paula Estevez Weinstein, Solid Waste ManagementSantiago, Chile


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SOURCE OF ENERGY 20

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