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SALIENT FEATURES OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

 Indian Constitution is a written Constitution. 

 It is the largest Constitution. It is because

 It incorporated all the experiences gathered from the working of the all the known

constitutions in the World.

 To avoid all defects and loopholes that might be anticipated from the light of other 

constitutions.

 To minimize uncertainty.

 Maority of the provisions were borrowed from the !"I #!overnment of India$ act

%&'( because people were familiar with the existing system.

 It is explained in detail manner otherwise the new democracy may be eopardized

#make vulnerable) risk$.

 *astness of the country.

 Multifarious challenges in the country.

 The division of powers between the union and states is so exhaustive.

 It is a single Constitution for the entire country excet !or "a##u an$ %asir.

INDIAN CONSTITUTION IS 'OTH RI(ID AND FLE)I'LE.

 It is rigi$) means there a special procedure for amending the Constitution.

 It is !lexible) means that with an ordinary procedure some areas in the constitution

can be amended.

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FEDERAL S*STE+ +

 It means the division of powers between centre and states.

 re#e#ber  the word ,-ederation is nowhere mentioned in the Constitution$.

 Though India is a federation it also has unitary features.

,ARLIA+ENTAR* FOR+ OF (O-ERN+ENT+

 This forms talks about the presence of nominal #Deure$ and real #$e!acto$

executives.

 Maority party rule.

 Collective responsibility to the /ok 0abha.

 /eadership of the 1rime Minister #Chief Minister at the state level$.

 The $issolution of /ok 0abha. #This type of government is present at both central

and state levels$.

Fun$a#ental rig&ts/

 These are for the promotion of political democracy. T

 These are usticiable i.e they are enforceable by the courts for their violation.

 "riginally 2 fundamental rights were mentioned in the constitution.

 Through the 33th amendment 45ight To 1roperty6 has been deleted from the list of 

-undamental 5ights.

 7t present only 8 fundamental rights are mentioned.

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DIRECTI-E ,RINCI,LES OF STATE ,OLIC* #D,S,0/

 They seek to establish welfare state in India.

 These are non1usticiable. #Cannot be challenged in the court of law$

#9In the +iner2a +ills case o! 3456  the 0upreme Court held that the Indian

Constitution is founded on the bedrock of the balance between the -undamental

5ights and :101$.

FUNDA+ENTAL DUTIES+

 7dded through 3;nd amendment in the year %&28.

 They were added on the recommendations of swaran 0ingh Committee.

 1art I* 7 was added for accommodating -undamental :uties.

 "riginally %< -undamental :uties were added.

 %%th -undamental :uty was added in the year ;

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 The original constitution permitted all the people who are not less than ;% years of 

age to vote.

 Through the 8%st amendment voting age has been reduced from ;% to %= in the year 

%&=&.

E+ER(ENC* ,RO-ISIONS/

 1rovided for ' types of emergencies.

 @ational >mergency

 0tate >mergency or 1resident6s 5ule

 -inancial >mergency

 :uring @ational emergency India from the state of -ederation it becomes Anitary.

7 TIER (O-ERN+ENT/

 Through 2'rd and 23th amendments ' tier structures was created.

 1anchayati 5a and Municipalities are made the Constitutional bodies.

Which of the following determines that the Indian Constitution is federalB

a. 7 written and a rigid constitution

 b. 7n independent udiciary

c. *esting of the residuary powers with the centre

$.  Distribution o! owers between t&e centre an$ t&e states

8Answer/ D0