sal part 2 (phrases&clauses)

Phrase Practice Exercise

Instructions: Identify the underlined phrase or clause.

1. Steven's book, which made Oprah's Book Club this month, is not in any

stores.

a. prepositional phrase b. participial phrase c. gerund phrase d. infinitive

phrase

2. While preparing for the speech, Joe couldn't help but worry about his

entrance.


phrase

3. Ahmad wants to visit Quebec, but he will need to wait for his next vacation.


phrase

4. Hoping for a miracle, the doctors continued the surgery.


phrase

5. Our boss supports donating time to charity.


phrase

6. Melanie hoped to find a cure for the disease, but she tried to be realistic.


phrase

7. After the banquet, the cooks will take a well-deserved break.


phrase

8. Joey is hoping for a change to play pool with his uncle.


phrase

9. The dog that Sam chose from the litter seems to be healthy.


phrase

10. Sam Smith, who recently spoke to the youth group, excels at motivating

young people.


phrase

11. Pushed beyond endurance, the runner dropped the baton.


phrase

12. The shoes he saw in the catalogue are available down the street.


phrase

13. The reporter crouched behind that tree got the best picture of the

arrest.


phrase

14. Keith tried supporting both teams, but his heart was with Oregon.


phrase

15. Katrina, who resented being left at home, drew on the walls with her

crayons.


phrase

16. Arnold hoped to find an answer to the funding shortfall.


phrase

17. Pressed for time, the agent ran the red light.


phrase

18. His uncle thinks that working for the government is the key to stability.


phrase

19. Richard's chance to make his point slipped away.


phrase

20. Is it possible that Joshua will compete against that man ?


phrase

Source : http://www.grammaruntied.com/phrases/phrasepractice.html

Identify the phrase type:

http://www.grammaruntied.com/phrases/phrasepractice.html

1. Houses are [unbelievably expensive] just now

Adjective Phrase

Adverb Phrase

Noun Phrase

Prepositonal Phrase

Verb Phrase

2. We [met Paul] last week Adjective Phrase

Adverb Phrase

Noun Phrase

Prepositonal Phrase

Verb Phrase

3. [A car that won't go] is not particularly useful

Adjective Phrase

Adverb Phrase

Noun Phrase

Prepositonal Phrase

Verb Phrase

4. I enjoy eating [in Indian restaurants]

Adjective Phrase

Adverb Phrase

Noun Phrase

Prepositonal Phrase

Verb Phrase

5. Don't you have to leave [early]?

Adjective Phrase

Adverb Phrase

Noun Phrase

Prepositonal Phrase

Verb Phrase

6. Tell [him] not to worry Adjective Phrase

Adverb Phrase

Noun Phrase

Prepositonal Phrase

Verb Phrase

Source : http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/phrases/ex4.htm

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/phrases/ex4.htm

Prepositional phrases

This activity contains 10 questions.

Choose the sentence with the prepositional phrase in bold.

According to some historians, President Roosevelt knew that the Japanese were going to attack Pearl Harbor.





Some historians believe that America had no choice but to use the atomic bomb on Japan.





Congress debated whether or not to use the atomic bomb on civilian or military targets.





The long-term effects of the atomic bomb were not known.





Under the cover of night, the bombers took flight.




Identify the function of the bolded prepositional phrase in the following sentence.

Before the atomic bomb was dropped on Japan, protests erupted in the streets of New York City.

Adverb phrase

Adjective phrase

Conjunction

Pronoun



Adverb phrase

Adjective phrase

Conjunction

Pronoun



Adverb phrase

Adjective phrase

Conjunction

Pronoun


Under the cover of night, the bombers took to the air.Adverb phrase

Adjective phrase

Conjunction

Pronoun


Mushroom clouds bloomed over Hiroshima and Nagaski.Adverb phrase

Adjective phrase

Conjunction

Pronoun

Source : http://wps.ablongman.com/long_fowler_lbh_11/118/30442/7793354.cw/index.html

Verbals and verbal phrases


http://wps.ablongman.com/long_fowler_lbh_11/118/30442/7793354.cw/index.html

Identify the verbal phrase in the following sentence.

Jammed with commuter traffic, the bridge out of the city collapsed suddenly.collapsed suddenly

the bridge out of the city collapsed suddenly

the bridge out of the city

Jammed with commuter traffic

Identify the verbal in the following sentence.

The medics' first priority was treating people with serious injuries.serious

priority

treating

injuries

Identify the verbal or verbal phrase in the following sentence.

To lift debris off of the cars, rescue workers needed special equipment.rescue workers needed special equipment

To lift debris off of the cars

off of the cars

Identify the type of verbal phrase in bold.

The medics' first priority was treating people with serious injuries.infinitive phrase

gerund phrase

participial phrase


To lift the debris off some of the cars rescue workers needed special equipment.

infinitive phrase

participial phrase

gerund phrase


Separated from their parents and sobbing with fear, children wandered aimlessly in the streets.

participial phrase

infinitive phrase

gerund phrase

Identify the correct function of the verbal phrase in bold.

Separated from their parents and sobbing with fear, children wandered aimlessly in the streets.

Noun phrase

Adverb phrase

Adjective phrase

Verb phrase


The rescue workers used blankets and teddy bears to calm the children.Adverb phrase

Verb phrase

Adjective phrase

Noun phrase


Jammed with commuter traffic, bridges collapsed suddenly during rush hour.

Verb phrase

Noun phrase

Adverb phrase

Adjective phrase


Lifting the debris off some of the cars required special equipment.Verb phrase

Adjective phrase

Noun phrase

Adverb phrase

Source: http://wps.ablongman.com/long_fowler_lbh_11/118/30442/7793365.cw/index.html

Exercise

In each of the following sentences replace the adjective in bold letters by an

adjective phrase of the same meaning.

1. The King wore a golden crown.

2. It is a white elephant.

3. He lived in a stone house.


4. There was an earthen pot on the table.

5. She wore a diamond necklace.

6. Much has been said about the Swiss scenery.

7. The Spanish flag flew at the top of the mast.

8. That was a brave act.

9. It was a horrible night.

10. Heroic deeds are worthy of admiration.

11. They went by Siberian railway.

12. I have passed several sleepless nights.

Source: http://www.englishpractice.com/grammar/adjective-phrases-exercise/

Subordinate clauses


Identify the subordinate clause in the following sentence.

At the party, we ate and danced until it was over.At the party

http://www.englishpractice.com/grammar/adjective-phrases-exercise/

we ate and danced

until it was over


Guests who wanted to stay out longer had to move to another party down the street.

had to move

another party down the street

who wanted to stay out longer

Guests who wanted


Another friend of mine got sick and had to leave the party early, which was unfortunate.

which was unfortunate

Another friend of mine got sick

had to leave

leave the party early


Even though my friend had looked forward to the party for many weeks, he had to leave early.

for many weeks

Even though my friend had looked forward to the party for many weeks

my friend had looked forward to the party

he had to leave early


The host seemed concerned about what the neighbors would think.what the neighbors would think

would think

about what the neighbors

The host seemed concerned

Identify the type of subordinate clause in bold.

The host seemed concerned about what the neighbors would think.adverb clause

adjective clause

noun clause


Guests who wanted to stay out longer had to move to another party

down the street.noun clause

adjective clause

adverb clause


Another friend of mine got sick and had to leave the party early, which was unfortunate.

noun clause

adjective clause

adverb clause


Even though my friend had looked forward to the party for many weeks, he had to leave early.

adverb clause

adjective clause

noun clause


Because many of the guests had arrived before I did, most of the food was already gone.

adjective clause

adverb clause

noun clause


Classifying sentences

Identify the classification of the following sentence.

The recent downturn in the telecommunications industry caused tens of thousands of programmers to lose their jobs for good and forced thousands more to move across the country.

simple

compound

complex

compound-complex



Neither programmers nor managers would take the blame for their failing Internet start-ups.

simple

compound

complex

compound-complex


Computers, laptops, and palmtops are similar technologies even though they come in different sizes.

simple

compound

complex

compound-complex


Some programmers of graphic design software know how to use their software to create pictures, fliers, and Web pages; oddly enough, despite strong technical backgrounds, many others do not.

simple

compound

complex

compound-complex


During the downturn, independent computer consultants had difficulty finding part-time or full-time employment.

simple

compound

complex

compound-complex


Sentence Type Exercise

Directions: Identify the sentence type: S, CP, CX, CP-CX

If you have trouble, follow these steps: S = IC

Find and label the subject/verb pairs CP = IC & IC

Look for dependent marker words CX = IC & DC

Draw a / between the clauses CP-CX = IC & IC & DC

Label the clauses: DC or IC

Identify the sentence type

__ 1. Although it started to rain, we decided to continue our walk.

__ 2. There were books on the floor, under the table, and all about the room.

__ 3. She was going to school full-time and hoped to graduate in June.

__ 4. Transportation came to a halt as the steadily falling snow accumulated faster than

the snow plows could clear it away.

__ 5. Marie and Bill and I stayed up until four in the morning.


__ 6. Unless conditions change for her, she will spend the rest of her life working for

minimum wage in a dusty mill; there are thousands of women like her.

__ 7. She wanted to go, but her child was sick.

__ 8. Joe is smart; he will go far.

__ 9. As soon as Dick started a coin collection, his brother bought an album of rare

stamps.

__ 10. Nature is her passion in life, and colleagues say that she is a skilled naturalist.

Source: http://multimediaportfolio.wikispaces.com/file/view/Sentence+Types.pdf

Exercise 16.1

Find the coordinating conjunctions in the following sentences, and identify the unitsbeing coordinated.

1. Because of our social circumstances, male and female are really two cultures and their

life experiences are utterly different. –Kate Millett

2. I can never pass by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York without thinking of

it not as a gallery of living portraits but as a cemetery of tax-deductible wealth. –

Lewis Lapham

3. Don’t mock the pedant, for he might be able to teach you some minute details about

his subject.

4. I’m on the side of keeping things mysterious, and I have never enjoyed understanding

things. If I understand something, I have no further use for it. So I try to make a

http://multimediaportfolio.wikispaces.com/file/view/Sentence+Types.pdf

music which I don’t understand and which will be difficult for other people to

understand. –John Cage

5. We don’t know when our name came into being or how some distant ancestor acquired

it. We don’t understand our name at all, we don’t know its history and yet we bear it

with exalted fidelity, we merge with it, we like it, we are ridiculously proud of it as if

we had thought it up ourselves in a moment of brilliant inspiration. –Milan Kundera

Source : http://www.oup.com/us/pdf/grammar/SupEx16.pdf

Exercise 16.2

Classify the following sentences according to their clause structure as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.

1. All real men are gentle; without tenderness, a man is uninteresting. –Marlene Dietrich

2. Considering the absence of legal coercion, the surprising thing is that men have for so

long and, on the whole, so reliably, adhered to what we might call the the

‘breadwinner ethic.’ –Barbara Ehrenreich

3. Evil is being involved in the glamour and charm aspect of material existence—glamour

in its old Gaelic sense, meaning enchantment with the look of things, rather than the

soul of things. –Kenneth Anger

4. I am a feminist, and what that means to me is much the same as the meaning of the fact

http://www.oup.com/us/pdf/grammar/SupEx16.pdf

that I am Black: it means that I must undertake to love myself and to respect myself

as though my very life depends upon self-love and self-respect. –June Jordan

5. What constitutes a real, live human being is more of a mystery than ever these days,

and men—each one of whom is a valuable, unique experiment on the part of nature—

are shot down wholesale. –Hermann Hesse

Source : http://www.oup.com/us/pdf/grammar/SupEx16.pdf

Advanced Composition for Non-Native Speakers of

English

Simple, Compound, or Complex

1: The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.

Simple

Compound

Complex2: Juan played football while Juanita went shopping.

Simple

Compound

Complex3: Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping.

http://www.oup.com/us/pdf/grammar/SupEx16.pdf

Simple

Compound

Complex4: Although Mexico has the better football team, it lost.

Simple

Compound

Complex5: The island was filled with many winding trails, a small lake, and dangerous wild pigs.

Simple

Compound

Complex6: Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and understood the material.

Simple

Compound

ComplexSource : http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?simplecompoundorcomplex

Advanced Composition for Non-Native Speakers of English

Helen Keller

1: Helen Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, in 1880 and died in 1968.

Simple

Compound

Complex2: Until she was 19 months of age, her sight and hearing were normal.

Simple

Compound

Complex3: At the age of 19 months, a severe illness left her deaf and blind.

http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?simplecompoundorcomplex

Simple

Compound

Complex4: When she was seven, she began her education in reading and writing with Anne Sullivan of the Perkins Institute for the Blind.

Simple

Compound

Complex5: Through persistence and stubbornness, Anne breaks through Helen's walls of silence and darkness and teaches her to communicate.

Simple

Compound

Complex6: Helen Keller learned to read by the Braille system, and she learned to write by using a specially constructed typewriter.

Simple

Compound

Complex7: Later, she entered Radcliffe College and graduated with honors in 1904.

Simple

Compound

Complex8: Helen Keller's story needed to be told, so in 1962, a beautiful movie was made about her life.

Simple

Compound

Complex9: "If there were only joy in the world, we could never learn to be brave and patient." -- Helen Keller

Simple

Compound

Complex10: "Life is either a daring adventure, or it is nothing." -- Helen Keller

Simple

Compound

Complex

Source : http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?helenkeller

Advanced Composition for Non-Native Speakers of

English

shadrach

1: The Americanization of Shadrach Cohen is a short story about values by Bruno Lessing.

Simple

Compound

Complex2: Shadrach Cohen had two sons, Abel and Gottlieb.

Simple

Compound

Complex3: When Abel and Gottlieb moved to New York, they opened their own business in their father's name.

http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?helenkeller

Simple

Compound

Complex4: The business was successful, so Abel and Gottlieb told their father to join them in New York City.

Simple

Compound

Complex5: When Shadrach came, he brought Marta, the family maidservant.

Simple

Compound

Complex6: When the ship landed, Shadrach was met by two dapper-looking young men.

Simple

Compound

Complex7: Each son wore a flashy tie with a diamond pin.

Simple

Compound

Complex8: Shadrach's sons welcomed him to the new land, but they were amazed by his old fashioned appearance.

Simple

Compound

Complex9: Shadrach looked like so many new immigrants that Gottlieb and Abel had ridiculed in the past.

Simple

Compound

Complex10: Gottlieb and Abel first wanted to take their father to a barbershop to trim his beard to make him look more like an American.

Simple

Compound

Complex

Source: http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?shadrach

http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?shadrach

sal part 2 (phrases&clauses)

Documents

gerund phrase

participial phrase

prepositional phrase

underlined phrase

phrase type

infinitive phrase source

infinitive phrase7

infinitive phrase4