SAFETY MANUAL

Surveying Laboratories

# Version Date

1 1.0 01st July 2015

2

1st July 2015

Faculty of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

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Contents

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4

2 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Responsibility ...................................................................................................................... 4

3.1 Lab Instructor responsibility: ....................................................................................... 4

3.1.1 Duty of Instruction ............................................................................................... 4

3.1.2 Duty of supervision .............................................................................................. 5

3.1.3 Duty of Maintenance ........................................................................................... 5

3.2 Instructions for Students: ............................................................................................ 5

3.3 Commitment to safety ................................................................................................. 6

4 Workplace Hazard Assessment for CE labs ......................................................................... 6

4.1 Hazard identification: .................................................................................................. 6

4.2 Risk control .................................................................................................................. 8

4.3 Review ......................................................................................................................... 8

5 General safety rules ............................................................................................................. 8

5.1 Dress Guidelines .......................................................................................................... 9

5.2 Electrical safety ............................................................................................................ 9

5.2.1 Electrical hazards .................................................................................................. 9

5.2.2 Preventing electrical hazards ............................................................................. 10

5.2.3 Water-Related Safety Precautions and Procedures ........................................... 10

5.2.4 Safety Precautions and Procedures Related to Electrical Equipment ................ 10

5.3 Computing resources Security/safety ....................................................................... 11

5.3.1 Security ............................................................................................................... 11

5.3.2 Safe use & ergonomics ....................................................................................... 11

6 Specific safety rules for Surveying laboratory ................................................................... 12

6.1 Surveying lab hazards ................................................................................................ 12

6.2 List of surveying lab equipment ................................................................................. 13

6.3 Care for surveying equipment ................................................................................... 13

7 Safety policy communication ............................................................................................ 15

7.1 Signboards ................................................................................................................. 15

7.2 Safety posters ............................................................................................................ 17

7.3 Labelling – Tagging .................................................................................................... 17

8 Emergency Prevention - Preparedness - Response .......................................................... 18

8.1 Approach for emergency management..................................................................... 18

8.1.1 Preparing for emergencies ................................................................................. 19

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8.1.2 Building Evacuation Procedures ......................................................................... 19

8.2 Emergency Equipment and Facilities ......................................................................... 19

8.2.1 Emergency Telephones and Posted Telephone Numbers.................................. 19

8.2.2 Using the Fire Extinguisher ................................................................................. 19

9 Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 21

9.1 Commitment to comply with safety rules ................................................................. 21

9.2 Risk Assessment Form ............................................................................................... 22

9.3 Lab safety checklist .................................................................................................... 24

9.4 Accident/incident report form .................................................................................. 28

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EMERGENCY CONTACTS

IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY CALL NORTHERN BORDER UNIVERSITY SECURITY AND SAFETY DEPARTMENT

Name Title Phone/Mail

1

2

3

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Lab safety Manual

1 Introduction

All laboratory procedures cover some elements of danger. Safe working conducts are needed in experimental work. Good housekeeping, using the right tools for the right jobs, avoiding hazards, keeping the lab area clean - all contribute to safe operation. Accidents should be reported as soon as possible to a Faculty member. Emergency service is available 24 hours a day at the NBU department of Security and safety.

2 Scope

The present Laboratory Safety Manual describes policies, procedures, equipment, personal protective equipment, and work practices that are capable of protecting students and all users (including visitors) of CE department laboratories. This manual is applicable to:

- students, - teaching assistants, - visitors, - any individual entering spaces assigned to above lab.

This manual covers all activities inside/outside the lab: - field work / in-room experiment - handling testing equipment/tools - taking readings during/after lab session - storing materials, tools and equipment - performing basic maintenance tasks - housekeeping

3 Responsibility

It is the responsibility of the faculty teaching the course to ensure that the procedures described in this document are implemented by the lab instructors.

3.1 Lab Instructor responsibility:

3.1.1 Duty of Instruction

This task includes adequate instruction before laboratory activities (preferably in writing) that: Is accurate; is appropriate to the situation, setting, and maturity of the audience; and

addresses reasonably foreseeable dangers. Identifies and clarifies any specific risk involved, explains proper

procedures/techniques to be used, and presents comments concerning appropriate/inappropriate conduct in the lab.

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Instruction must follow professional and district guidelines. Teachers who set bad examples by not following proper laboratory procedures may be sued if injury results from students following the teacher’s bad examples.

3.1.2 Duty of supervision

It includes adequate supervision as defined by professional, legal, and district guidelines to ensure students behave properly in light of any foreseeable dangers. Points to remember: Misbehaviour of any type must not be tolerated. Failure to act or improper action is grounds for liability. The greater the degree of danger, the higher the level of supervision should be. The younger the age of students or the greater the degree of inclusion of special

population students, the greater the level of supervision should be. Students must never be left unattended, except in an emergency where the potential

harm is greater than the perceived risk to students. Even then, risk should be minimized or responsibility transferred to another authorized person if the situation allows.

3.1.3 Duty of Maintenance

It includes ensuring a safe environment for students and teachers. This requires that the lab instructor: Never use defective equipment for any reason. File written reports for maintenance/correction of hazardous conditions or defective

equipment with responsible administrators. Establish regular inspection schedules and procedures for checking safety and first-

aid equipment. Follow all safety guidelines concerning proper labelling, storage, and disposal of

chemicals. By keeping files of all hazard notifications and maintenance inspections, instructor

liability in the event of an accident is minimized in cases where no corrective actions were subsequently made.

3.2 Instructions for Students:

SUPERVISION Never work in the lab without the supervision of a teacher ATTENTION Always pay attention to the work¬¬—don’t fool around in the lab FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS Always perform experiments precisely as directed by the

teacher EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Know what to do in the event of an emergency LABELING Check labels to verify substances before using them. Label Containers APPAREL Always wear appropriate protective equipment and apparel BRAINS Use them—Safety begins with you

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3.3 Commitment to safety

Prior to the students performing any activities in the laboratory, it is the responsibility of the lab instructor(s) to :

1) Provide a copy of this document to the students 2) Allow a 15 minutes safety guidance at the beginning of the semester, which

should include a discussion of each of the procedures listed below as well as any other course-specific safety procedures

3) Ensure that each student signs and dates this statement. The lab instructor should then collect the signed papers (document below) and keep them for the duration of the semester. Students must read this document carefully and thoroughly before attempting any laboratory activities. The lab instructor(s) will describe each procedure and address any questions that you may have. The student should print their name, sign and date at the end of this document to prove that you have received the safety orientation and that you understand the procedures outlined in the safety orientation given by the instructor, as well the procedures in this document. The following statement should be signed

Hereby state that I have read and understand the content of this Lab Safety

Procedure statement and that the lab instructor(s) has (have) clarified all the

procedures outlined. I agree to comply with the procedures listed in this

statement.

Department: ____________Civil Engineering________________

Course Number: __________________________________________________

Lab Instructor Name: ______________________________________________

Date: ___________________________________________________________

Student Name (print): ______________________________________________

Signature: ______________________________________________________

4 Workplace Hazard Assessment for CE labs

For civil engineering labs, a three-step activity-based hazard assessment is followed:

4.1 Hazard identification:

1. to understand the nature of the potential hazard to meet in lab activities. For this purpose, an inventory of the lab work activities form is established. In future, inspection checklists, filed incident/accident report forms, past records may give a relevant feedback for the process of hazard identification.

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INVENTORY OF WORK ACTIVITIES

Workplace:

Date:

Form No.

Process / Location

Work Activities

2. Risk assessment: Risk assessment involves examining and evaluating the likelihood and

severity (or consequence) of the potential risks associated with each of the hazards identified during previous step in order to rank risks for control step.

ACTIVITY- BASED RISK ASSESSMENT FORM

Workplace: Conducted by:

(Name/ Signature / Date)

Process / Location:

Approved by Project Supervisor/ PI:

(Name/ Signature / Date)

Last Review Date:

Next Review Date:

1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Evaluation 3. Risk control

1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. 2a. 2b. 2c. 2d

.

3a. 3b

.

3c. 3d

.

3e. 3f.

No. Work

Activity Hazard

Possible

Accident / III

Health &

Persons- at-Risk

Existing Risk

Control

(if any)

*S *L *R

Additional

Risk

Control

*S *L *R

Follow-up

by

(name) &

date

Remarks

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*S – Severity, *L–Likelihood, *R–Risk Level, R=LxS • Likelihood : 5 – frequent; 4 – moderate, 3 – occasional, 2 – remote, 1 – unlikely. • Severity : 1 – negligible, 2 – marginal, 3 – serious, 4 – very serious, 5 – critical • Risk Level : 1 – 6 Low, 7 – 10 medium, 11 – 15 warning, 16 and above is considered HIGH

4.2 Risk control

This step provides a means by which risks can be systematically evaluated against a set of control options (the hierarchy of controls). The risk control considers ranked risks from the highest to the least weighty.

The hierarchy of controls is as follows: - Eliminate the hazard. - Substitute with a lesser hazard. - Use engineering controls to reduce hazard. - Administrative controls such as workplace procedures. - Personal Protective Equipment.

4.3 Review

Through review step, risk management is kept current and effective, as new hazards and those overlooked in the original process are identified and controlled. Monitoring and review involves the systematic re-implementation of the original safety program steps of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.

5 General safety rules

The department of Security and Safety at Northern Border University is the body whose the mission is to develop General Safety Procedures in all working spaces inside the campus. Lab responsible (manager) defines specific safety procedures. General safety rules include the following:

• Food, drink and related utensils shall not be brought into, stored in or consumed in a laboratory.

• Smoking is prohibited during lab sessions. • Shoes that provide full coverage of the feet, and appropriate personal clothing

shall be worn in laboratories. • Appropriate eye protection shall be worn, when using toxic chemicals or

operating mechanical equipment. • Lab users shall be familiar with the locations and operation of safety and

emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, emergency eyewash stations and emergency showers, emergency power off, emergency telephones, and emergency exits.

• Learn and know what to do in an emergency. • Unauthorized person(s) shall not be allowed in a laboratory. • 'Authorized' students or any other individuals have to be under immediate and

direct supervision of a qualified authorized person at all times.

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• Laboratory shall remain locked other than office hours. • Never open (remove cover) of any equipment in the laboratories. • Report all problems to the CE lab responsible

5.1 Dress Guidelines

Apparel in the Laboratory should abide the following guidelines: Always wear appropriate eye protection (i.e., chemical splash goggles) in the

laboratory. Wear disposable gloves, as provided in the laboratory, when handling hazardous

materials. Remove the gloves before exiting the laboratory. Wear a full-length, long-sleeved laboratory coat or chemical-resistant apron. Wear shoes that adequately cover the whole foot; low-heeled shoes with non-slip

soles are preferable. Do not wear sandals, open-toed shoes, open-backed shoes, or high-heeled shoes in the laboratory.

Avoid wearing shirts exposing the torso, shorts, or short skirts; long pants that completely cover the legs are preferable.

Secure long hair and loose clothing (especially loose long sleeves, neckties, or scarves). Remove jewellery (especially dangling jewellery). Synthetic fingernails are not recommended in the laboratory; they are made of

extremely flammable polymers that can burn to completion and are not easily extinguished.

5.2 Electrical safety

5.2.1 Electrical hazards

The major hazards associated with electricity are : - Electric shock: an abrupt physical stimulation when human body is crossed by

electrical current. - Arc: the light and heat released from an electrical breakdown that is due to electrical

current ionizing gases in the air. - Blast: an explosive or rapid expansion of air with great pressure and temperature,

which is caused by arcs sometimes. Factors affecting electrical shock are :

• The amount of current is a critical factor in determining the severity of electrical shock. • The voltage is also a factor. • The current pathway and its resistance in the human body • Power (P) = Voltage x Current = V x I ≠ 0 • The duration of current flow.

What matters the most is the amount of energy transferred from the electric power source to human body.

Zone 1 up to 0.5 mA no effect at all duration of the contact. The value of 0.5 mA is considered as the “threshold of perception”;

Zone 2 from 0.5 to 30 mA no harmful effects even if it is perceived, the value of 10 mA is considered as “danger threshold” and is defined as “release current”,

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Zone 2 from 30 to 200 mA harmful effects are closely related to the duration of contact, such as with current of 50 mA is a permissible contact period of not more than 0.1 s, the time of tolerability of the current decreases with increasing of the current;

Zone 3 from 200 to 500 mA, the contact always causes harmful effects whatever the duration, you can have tetanisation, difficulty breathing, increased blood pressure, minor burns, light heart disease, especially if the current flows through the heart;

Zone 4 over 500 mA, the contact always causes severe burns and ventricular fibrillation.

5.2.2 Preventing electrical hazards

Good practice encourages all your personal equipment (e.g. laptops) to be tested and tagged as well – ask your supervisor Switch off all electrical equipment when not in use. Do not attempt to do any electrical repairs or investigations - refer your problem to the

appropriate qualified staff. If equipment is to be left on for a specific reason then a ‘LEAVE ON’ sign needs to be

displayed, with name and date. All equipment should undergo regular electrical testing. Report to the lab instructor any items dysfunction for appropriate action to be

undertaken.

5.2.3 Water-Related Safety Precautions and Procedures

Keep water away from electrical outlets. Keep water away from all electronic equipment. If water is boiled for an experiment involving heat, make sure it

is never left unattended. Remember, too, that the hot plate will stay hot well after it is unplugged or turned off.

Keep water away from electrical outlets. Keep water away from all electronic equipment.

5.2.4 Safety Precautions and Procedures Related to Electrical Equipment

Never short the terminal on a power supply, battery, or other voltage source unless instructed to do so.

Be sure to use wire leads and patch cords that have sufficient insulation when creating electrical circuits.

Avoid using high current (greater than 1 A) in any application for which high current is not prescribed.

Never test battery voltage and capacity using anything other than a voltage sensor or voltmeter.

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5.3 Computing resources Security/safety

5.3.1 Security

Computers in the lab are secured using a combination of physical and software-based method to ensure the safety and security of our students, faculty, staff, and equipment and computer network. Restriction of computer

access

To prevent unauthorized use of computing resources.

Physical security :

Equipment is placed in a manner to limit access to physical ports on the CPU.

Software based security and prevention of installation of malicious software

In addition to the standard anti-virus and anti-spyware clients installed on each computer, all lab computers are further protected either through group policy, security software, or a combination of the two to prevent malicious software from being installed and executed. As a further security measure, all campus computers require a unique, authorized login for authentication before granting network access.

Following conducts regarding copyright laws must be obeyed: Copying Software – Unauthorized copying of licensed software from the lab hard disks

is a violation of copyright laws. Saving Files – Anything saved on the computer hard drive will be deleted. Data files

created in the lab should be saved directly on a storage media. Changing Hardware and Software Configurations – Changing hardware and software

configurations in the computers is prohibited. This includes modifications of the settings, configurations of printers and modification of system software.

5.3.2 Safe use & ergonomics

To escape aching muscles and tired eyes while working at a desk or a computer, try the following:

Check your posture Take short breaks regularly – try the exercises on the next page. Adjust the chair height so that your arms are approximately parallel with the floor If the front of the chair is causing pressure on the back of your thighs or behind your

knees, readjust the chair. Adjust the chair backrest to support the lower back while you sit in the typing posture Locate the computer screen approximately one full arms length away and position it

so that your line of sight to the screen is slightly below horizontal. Relax those muscles! As muscles tire from holding the keying posture they need to relax regularly during

the day. 2-3 minute breaks are recommended every 15-20 minutes A total of 4 hours (not including breaks) of intensive keyboard work is the maximum

time recommended each day.

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6 Specific safety rules for Surveying laboratory

6.1 Surveying lab hazards

Surveying lab includes many fieldwork activities, such as those involving isolated or remote locations; extreme weather conditions; hazardous terrain; harmful wildlife; or lack of ready access to emergency services, can expose students to significant risks to their health, safety or well-being, at locations outside the direct supervisory control of the University. Traffic-related hazards Include

Collision risk Working in areas of poor visibility

Potential collision locations are: - Intersections and bottleneck areas around driveways and entrances - ‘blind’ or convex corners where vehicles work close to other vehicles or pedestrians

Environmental hazards Include :

Hot environment (e.g. high UV, heat stress, dehydration, sunburn) Cold environment (e.g. frost bite, hypothermia) Heavy rainfall, flooding Bites & stings (e.g. snakes, leeches, spiders, bees) Unstable, uneven, soft or slippery surfaces/soils Concealed holes Dust conditions

Other hazards Include :

Exposure to laser beam of total stations Facing sun with optical components of the some surveying equipment.

Surveying equipment damage hazards Surveying equipment are made for extreme field conditions. Nevertheless, the mechanical and electronic components of precision instruments can be damaged.

Careless acts or inattention to procedures for the use, maintenance and adjustment of instruments

Playing/tampering with lab tools Bad transporting/handling conditions Unstable setups in hard/soft surfaces

Fig. 1 flooding/dusting conditions in Arar city last years

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6.2 List of surveying lab equipment

The surveying lab equipment and tools are given in Tab. 1:

Tab. 1 list of surveying lab equipment and tools

No Name of Equipment Activity Quantity

1 Total station Obtaining 3D coordinates directly.

2

2 Digital theodolite Defining angular measurements 4

3 Automatic level

Defining vertical measurements

5

4 Laser level 2

5 Digital level 2

6 Telescopic aluminum staff Supporting levels and theodolite

10

7 Digital planimeter Finding area of maps 15

8 Surveying compass Finding the magnetic north direction and angular measurements

2

9 Baranton compass 5

10 Telescopic ranging rod Defining the stations 25

11 Square optical prism Helping solve geometric problems on a terrain and to carry out plane surveys

10

12 Steel measuring tape (50 m)

Measuring the lengths

3

13 Fiberglass tape (50 m) 3

14 Fiberglass tape (20 m) 5

15 Steel measuring tape (30 m) 5

16 Steel measuring tape (5 m) 3

17 Digital distance measuring Measuring the lengths, areas, volumes and grades

3

18 Ground plate for staff Supporting the staff 10

6.3 Care for surveying equipment

Surveying instruments are made of the mechanical components and electronics of precision instruments. Basic maintenance operations (checking machined surfaces, faces of the lenses and mirrors, cleaning, storing, casing…) should be undertaken with great care. More specific maintenance procedures are listed below :

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Total stations • Transport and store instruments in positions that are consistent with their carrying case design. Protect the instruments from excessive vibrations by carrying them in their shipping cases.

• Instruments should be removed from the case with both hands. Generally, instruments are equipped with a carrying handle; use one hand to grip the handle and the other to support the base. Use one hand to continually support the instrument until the tribrach lock is engaged or the tripod fixing screw is secured.

• In most cases, total stations and other instruments should be removed and recased for transportation to a new point.

• The instrument should not be placed on the ground since dust or dirt can accumulate on the threads and the base plate.

• As feasible, protect the instrument from moisture. • Never carry the instrument on the tripod. • Turn the instrument off prior to removing the battery. • Remove the battery from the instrument before the instrument is

placed in its carrying case. • Never use a total station for a solar observation unless an approved

solar filter is used. This will destroy an element in the EDM, plus damaging the eye of the observer.

Compasses • Check the prism pole bubble prior to each day’s use. A quick check

by fixing the rod in a tripod and rotating it 180 degrees will verify the adjustment.

• Check the bull’s-eye bubble on the telescoping range pole using the “Hold A Pole”.

• Prism assemblies and prisms should be transported in suitable carrying cases.

Levelling Instruments

• Do not spin or bounce pendulum levels, as such movement can damage the Compensator

• Check adjustment of the bull’s-eye bubble. Make certain it remains centered when the level is rotated 180 degrees. Proper adjustment reduces the possibility of compensator hang-up.

• To check for compensator hang-up, lightly tap the telescope or lightly press on a tripod leg. If the instrument has a push-button release, use it. If the compensator is malfunctioning, send the instrument for repair.

Tripods • Maintain firm snugness in all metal fittings, but never tighten them to the point where they will unduly compress or injure the wood, strip threads, or twist off bolts or screws.

• Tighten leg hinges only enough for each leg to just sustain its own weight when legs are spread out in their normal working position.

• Keep metal tripod shoes tight. • Keep wooden parts of tripods well painted or varnished to reduce

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moisture absorption and swelling or drying out and shrinking. • Replace the top caps on tripods when they are not in use or store the

tripods such that the tops are not damaged. • The most damage occurs to tripods when being placed into or taken

out of survey vehicles. The life and usefulness of tripods can be significantly extended if compartments are constructed such that the tripod is not riding on or against other equipment.

• Wet tripods should not be stored with the leg extensions clamped.

7 Safety policy communication

Safety instructions, guidelines are communicated through different media:

Posters Signs Flyers Manuals

Lab safety Signs, posters are available in the main entrances and inside of all labs in adequate locations.

7.1 Signboards

What must have a posted sign? Exits Fire Extinguishers Showers Eye Washes Chemical and supply storage areas (including the NFPA diamond) Gas Lines Specific depositories (e.g. Biohazardous waste, glass, chemical, garbage) Distinguish between potable, non-potable, and deionized water sources Diagram of the classroom that includes the location of items listed above Emergency plan and phone numbers

Safety signs and signals to be used includes Prohibiting signs in round shape complying to ISO 7010 standards

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Mandatory signs

Warning signs in triangular shapes including

Emergency escape or first-aid signs (rectangular or square shape)

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Fire-fighting signs

7.2 Safety posters

It is the means by which safety standards are kept currently remembered in adequate locations and workplaces. They are posted - Permanently in the lobbies of labs - During awareness campaign and similar events (safety training, )

7.3 Labelling – Tagging

What must have a label? ALL chemicals (including soap) Live organisms and their food/water First Aid/Biohazard/Chemical Spill Kits Lab Supplies

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What must be tagged out? ALL ongoing testing operations All locked energized machines/tools

What documentation must I have on file?

MSDS sheets for ALL chemicals in the classroom and in main office Inventory List in the class and in main office Safety and Lab training manuals Incident report

8 Emergency Prevention - Preparedness - Response

8.1 Approach for emergency management

This section describes how institution will meet its responsibilities to prepare for laboratory-related emergencies. The closed-loop process of emergency management consists of :

- Events driven phases o Prepare o Respond o Recover

- Event independent phase : mitigation/prevention Emergency safety equipment and materials required in every laboratory, guidelines for

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responding to emergencies, fires and medical emergencies, and steps to ensure that laboratories users are prepared for emergencies are described below.

8.1.1 Preparing for emergencies

It consists of the operating procedures for responding to spills, fires, and medical emergencies. Completion of laboratory safety equipment checklists

8.1.2 Building Evacuation Procedures

8.2 Emergency Equipment and Facilities

Emergency equipment and facilities includes : - Emergency Telephones and Posted Telephone Numbers - Showers and Eyewash Stations - Chemical Spill Control Equipment - Fire Alarm System - Fire Extinguishers - Fire Blankets - First Aid Kit

8.2.1 Emergency Telephones and Posted Telephone Numbers

Every lab should have a clearly marked phone with emergency telephone numbers listed next to it. If there is no phone in the lab, there must be an alternative written plan for contacting emergency or other personnel. This alternative plan must be clearly posted in the laboratory. Specific telephone numbers to be posted are indicated above.

# Station/Office Telephone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8.2.2 Using the Fire Extinguisher

Portable extinguishers must be present in all laboratories, chemical storage and preparation areas.

Type of Extinguisher

Effective Against Do Not Use On

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Water

Class A fires: burning paper, wood, coal, rubber, textiles

Electrical, liquid or metal fires

Carbon Dioxide

Class B fires: petroleum hydrocarbons (flammable solvents, motor oil, grease)

Metal fires (including lithium aluminium hydride)

Dry Powder or Dry Chemical

Class C fires: burning liquids, large quantities of flammable solvents, electrical fires

Metal fires, fires involving delicate instruments

Met-L-X and other Class D extinguishers with special granular formations

Class D fires: burning metal (e.g. lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, alloys of reactive metals, metal hydrides, metal alkyls, and other organometallics)

paper, trash, liquid, electrical fires

Halon Substitute fire extinguishing media

Class A, B, and C fires Class D fires

In the event that a fire extinguisher is used, the following four steps should be taken P A S S:

- Pull the pin out on the extinguisher. - Aim the extinguisher at the base of the fire. - Squeeze the nozzle to release extinguishing material. - Sweep: Use a back and forth sweeping motion.

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9 Appendices

9.1 Commitment to comply with safety rules

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9.2 Risk Assessment Form

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9.3 Lab safety checklist

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9.4 Accident/incident report form