safety in the nuclear industry · 2019. 10. 28. · nuclear safety improvement 1) essential to keep...
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SAFETY IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
EDF/DPN/DSN - IMIA MEETING - SEPT 21st 1999- "SAFETY IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY" - J.M.MORONI
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CONTENTS (1)
Nuclear safety definition
Nuclear safety as control of "states"
Limits of nuclear safety definition
Nuclear safety as control of risk -.
I (
Nuclear safety, historical perspective
Safety culture definition
Safety culture for EDF
EDF/DPN/DSN - IMIA MEETING - SEPT 2 l st 1999 - "SAFETY IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY" - J.M.MORONT 2
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CONTENTS (2)
• Identifying risk factors
• Nuclear safety management
• Nuclear safety improvement
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• Appendix 1 : nuclear safety basic.principles
• Appendix 2 : nuclear safety organization
• Appendix 3 : nuclear safety indicators
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NUCLEAR SAFETY DEFINITION (1)
Nuclear safety is "the actions taken to protect man and the environment against the dispersal of radioactive substances"
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NUCLEAR SAFETY DEFINITION (2)
• It depends on the various provisions made at all stages in the design, construction, operation and decommissionning of nuclear facilities
• It depends on reliability of equipment, actions of people and efficiency of organizations
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NUCLEAR SAFETY AS CONTROL OF ''STATES''
• The acceptable level of risk is defined by Safety Authority and translated into safety r equirements
• Operator main responsability : comp~iance with requirements
This nuclear safety concept has produced good results
but ...
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LIMITS OF NUCLEAR SAFETY DEFINITION
• The definition of nuclear safety is a designer perception : safety is "what we do" to guarantee safety
• It is viewed through compliance to regulatory body requirements
- . • The definition only allows a negative assessment by
counting up incidents and descrepancies
• For plants staff and first line management, safety often appears in opposition with availability or cost control
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• For further progresses we need liberating people strengths while recognizing their weaknesses :
PEOPLE AT THE HEART OF SAFETY
PREVENT AND CONTROL RISK
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SAFETY AS CONTROL OF RISK
• The risk is the objective side of safety
• An operator can identify risk and work to reduce it
• Identifying risk provides a concrete objective for moral responsability
• Safety defined as the fight against risk ; dynamic value
• Safety thus defined, takes on a more positive, valueenhancing role for the operator
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SOCIAL
TECHNICAL
~~UMAN /I/
ORGANIZATION
QQ D D
FROM A DESIGNER SAFETY TO
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NUCLEAR SAFETY, HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Years
90
80
TECHNICAL
? •
70 DESIGN COMPLIANCE HUMAN ROLE SAFETY
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Years
90
80TMI
70
HUMAN FACTOR (ERGONOMY)
TECHNICAL
DESIGN COMPLIANCE
SAFETY
EDF/DPN/DSN - !MIA MEETING - SEPT 2lst 1999 - "SAFETY IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY" - J.M.MORONI
OBJECT
Source of Errors
? •
HUMAN ROLE
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Years
90
TCHERNOBYL
80TMI
70
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SAFETY CULTURE
INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE
INTELLIGENCE
HUMAN FACTOR (ERGONOMY)
TECHNICAL
DESIGN COMPLIANCE
(
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SUBJECT
Source of Performances Actor Involvment
OBJECT
Source of Errors
? •
HUMAN ROLE
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SAFETY CULTURE DEFINITION (IAEA)
Safety culture is "the combination of properties and attitudes which, in organizations and individuals, cause issues relating to the safety of nuclear power plants to receive proper attention in due time!'
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SAFETY CULTURE FOR EDF
As a nuclear power plants operator, EDF's safety culture can therefore be defined on two levels :
• Awareness of our moral responsibility as a nuclear operator with regard to the risk that this industry presents
• Integration of essential attitudes :
- Controlling technological risks,
- Preventing risks inherent to human and organizational factors,
- Preventing risks of internal and external disunity
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IDENTIFYING RISK FACTORS
• Technological risk controled by compliance with basic safety and policy requirements
• Risks inherent to human an socio-organizational factors prevented by quality of actions, organizations and decision making processes
• Risk of internal and external disunity (social aspect) prevented by maintaining a climate of trust, cooperative social relations and quality of managemnet
These three kinds of risks are of equal importance and the
link between them should be considered
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NUCLEAR SAFETY MANAGEMENT (1)
CLARIFY RESPONSABILITIES
CHECK
DEBATE ABOUT SAFETY
MAKE DISTINCTION BETWEEN AMBITIONS AND REQUIREMJ
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NUCLEAR SAFETY MANAGEMENT (2)
1) REQUIREMENTS
• TO MASTER TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS AND SOME ORGANIZATIONAL
ONES • COMPULSORY COMPLIANCE • CLARIFICATION AND SIMPLIFICATION • PLANT CONDITION INDICATORS
2) AMBITIONS FOR PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS
• POLICIES, STRATEGIC INITIATIVES, OBJECTIVES • ACTORS INVOL VMENT TO CHOOSE THE BEST WAY • RISK ANALYSIS, SELF ASSESSMENT, SELF DIAGNOSIS ... • MANAGEMENT INDICATORS
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NUCLEAR SAFETY IMPROVEMENT
1) ESSENTIAL TO KEEP THE CONFIDENCE OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY ESSENTIAL TO BENEFIT FROM THE CONSIDERABLE INVESTMENT THAT THE 58 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS REPRESENT
2) BASED ON OPERATING EXPERIENCE FEEDBACK ON SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT, ORGANIZATION, PROCEDURES AND TRAINING
• DESIGN AND OPERATING PROCEDURES MODIFICATIONS • MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS : PREVENTIVE, CORRECTIVE AND
RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE • ADDITIONAL TRAINING AND AUTHORISATIONS • ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT METHODS • QUALITY MANAGEMENT
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APPENDIX 1
NUCLEAR SAFETY BASIC PRINCIPLES
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NUCLEAR SAFETY BASIC PRINCIPLES (1)
• Def ense in depth
prevention to stop a failure from occuring
monitoring or detection to anticipate a failure
or to detect it as soon as pos~~ble
means of action to mitigate the consequences
of failures
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NUCLEAR SAFETY BASIC PRINCIPLES (2)
• Barriers
fuel cladding
reactor coolant system
containment
• Safety functions
reactivity control
fuel cooling control
radioactive material containment control
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APPENDIX2
NUCLEAR SAFETY ORGANIZATION
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EDF GENERAL MANAGER
I y
NPP OPERATION DIVISION
. - -
NPPMANAGER
SHIFT SUPERVISER
.l
l ~
(
0 \
SAFETY TECHNICAI: COMMITTEE
EDF/DPN/DSN - IMIA MEETING - SEPT 2 l st 1999 - "SAFETY IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY" - J.M.MORONI
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/\ D\/1 · . ~;,
GENERAL INSPECTOR FOR NUCLEAR
SAFETY
VICE PRESIDENT FOR NUCLEAR SAFETY
NUCLEAR SAFETY NUCLEAR DEPARTMENT INSPECTORATE
SAFETY QUALITY MISSION
11
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I
1
SAFETY ENGINEER J
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SAFETY INDICATORS
MEASURING SAFETY IS NOT SIMPLE
WE NEED A SET OF INDICATORS
EDF PROPOSES 3 CATEGORIES
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~ SAFETY CONDITION INDICATORS
~SAFETY MANAGEMENT INDICATORS
~ POTENTIAL RISK INDEX
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I
SAFET co_ D T ON
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS WITH LIMITS SET IN SR ORTS
MEASURES COMPLIAN.CE WITH SAFETY REQ.UIREMENTS
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SA ~ :T J\!IA AG 1~MJE r· , N iCATORS
OBJECTIVE SET BY~MANAGEMENT
MEASURES SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS
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POTE.NTI1 · .L RIS.I( ND JE)( (PR )
CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY OF FUEL DEGRADATION - ·
MEASU.RES POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF INCIDENTS
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SAFETY CONDITION INDICATORS
I- CONDITION OF SAFETY BARRIERS
1 st Barrier Cladding conditions (primary coolant contamination) : W ANO indicator
2nd barrier RCS Global leak rate (I/h)
SG leak rate (lib)
usage factor on 2 RCS zones
3rd barrier Containment leak rate in normal operation : Nm3/h with ~p 60 mb
Number of activity peaks to the stack > 4 105 Bq/m3
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SAFETY CONDITION INDICATORS
II - AVAILABILITY OF SAFETY FUNCTION
-7 r eactivity control
-7 cooling control
-7 containment control
-7 plant support control
Plant systems and components serve one or several safety function
T .S. define allowed available time limit for safety system or component
actual equipment unavailability duration
time spent in the reactor mode of operation
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3,0%
2,0%
1,0%
0,0%
(
Safety function down times from January
to May 1998
(reactor in production)
Reactivity Cooling Containment
D Tr2 D Tr3 • Tr4 • Tr5
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Support
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SAFETY CONDITION INDICATORS
ADVANTAGE - Objectivity
- Close to basic safety concepts
INCONVENIENT - Difficult to measure improvements
- Measure design, construction as well as operational aspects
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SAFETY MANAGEMENT INDICATORS
Example
-7 Number of reactor scram I 7000 h critical W ANO indicator
-7 Number of days without reactor scrams
-7 Number of TS non compliances
-7 Number of line up errors
-7 Number of work order backlog
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Reactor scrams per 7000 hours' criticality per reactor-year
value at end May 98 for
sliding l 2 month period
2,5
2
1,5
1,4 1,5
0,5
l ,21
j 0
N M 'Wj- It) (£) r-- 00 (j) (j) (j) ij) ij) f:1) (j) (j) (j) (j) (j) (j) f:1) ij)
ED ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
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3,4
3,2
3
2,8
2,6
2,4
(
Number of non-compliances with
operating specifications per reactor-year
3,2
value at end May 98
for sliding 12 month period
1995 1996 1997 1998
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(
SAFETY MANAGEMENT INDICATORS
ADVANTAGE - Challenge of plant personnal
- Measure improvement in quality of operation
SIDE EFFECT - might affect openness
EDF/DPN/DSN - IMIA MEETING - SEPT 2lst 1999 - "SAFETY IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY" - JM.MORONI 38
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( (
POTENTIAL RISK INDEX
7 Incident of the "initiator type"
quantification of the remaining def ense line
7 Degradation of defense in depth
quantification of the consequences if any one of the initiators had occurred
EDF/DPN/DSN - IMIA MEETING - SEPT 2 lst 1999- "SAFETY IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY" - J.M.MORONI 39