Sacramento Sacramento OverviewOverview

Sierra Ozone SummitSierra Ozone Summit

Sacramento Sacramento OverviewOverview

Sierra Ozone SummitSierra Ozone Summit

Larry GreeneLarry GreeneAir Pollution Control OfficerAir Pollution Control OfficerLarry GreeneLarry GreeneAir Pollution Control OfficerAir Pollution Control Officer

We’re Geographically-We’re Geographically-ChallengedChallenged

We’re Geographically-We’re Geographically-ChallengedChallenged

Summer Ground-level Ozone (smog) Summer Ground-level Ozone (smog)

NOX + VOC+Sunlight = 0zoneNOX + VOC+Sunlight = 0zone

=+

The Sacramento valley is like a bowl. Strong summer temperature inversions clamp a “lid” on the bowl, creating stagnant conditions that cause pollution to build until the inversion breaks and ocean breezes dilute and dissipate ground-level ozone air pollution.

National Rankings - 2007National Rankings - 2007

Region is Consistently ranked in Region is Consistently ranked in the the Top 10Top 10 for ozone pollution for ozone pollution

1. Los Angeles1. Los Angeles 6. Sacramento6. Sacramento

2. San Joaquin Valley 2. San Joaquin Valley 7. Baton Rouge7. Baton Rouge

3. Southeast Desert, CA3. Southeast Desert, CA 8. Dallas8. Dallas

4. Houston4. Houston 9. Philadelphia9. Philadelphia

5. Nevada County, CA 10. Ventura5. Nevada County, CA 10. Ventura

FederalFederal

OzoneOzone

Non-attainmentNon-attainment

AreaArea120 m

iles

Monitor Locations and StatusMonitor Locations and Status

Air Quality Trends - OzoneAir Quality Trends - OzoneConcentrations, 1980 - 2007Concentrations, 1980 - 2007

1 hour1 hour

31% 31% improvementimprovement

8 hour8 hour

19% 19% improvementimprovement

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

0.200

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Years

Par

ts p

er m

illio

n

1Hr 3Yr 4th High

8Hr 3Yr 4th Hi Avg

Fed 1Hr Standard(revoked)

CA 1Hr Standard

Fed 8Hr Avg Std(1997)

Fed 8Hr Avg Std(2008)

Emission Source Equivalents Emission Source Equivalents 1 TPD of VOC and NOx (Year 2019)1 TPD of VOC and NOx (Year 2019)

18,000 HD trucks18,000 HD trucks

200,000 cars*200,000 cars*

72 Locomotives72 Locomotives(NOx only)(NOx only)

310 Gas Stations**310 Gas Stations**(VOC only)(VOC only)

* Base on average vehicle fleet mix** No additional controls after 2005

2002 Emission

Inventory

Districts

State/Federal

Current Sacramento Regional NOx – Current Sacramento Regional NOx – 167 TPD167 TPD

Other6%

Trains5%

Other4%

FarmEquip

6%Constr&Mining+

Comm&Ind Equip.

11%Boats/Ships

5%

Automobiles6%

Lt/Med Duty Trucks

11%

Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks

35%

Boilers/Heaters/

Ag Pumps9%

Other Mobile32%

On-Road Mobile

57%

Stationary9%

Area-Wide 2%(Residential Comb &

Ag Burn)

Current Sacramento Regional VOC Current Sacramento Regional VOC – 136 TPD– 136 TPD

ConsumerProducts

10%

Arch Coatings5%

Other6%

Other6%

Other11%

Solvent/Coatings

5%

Off-RoadEquipment

10%

Rec Boats13%

Other9%

Automobiles12%

Lt./MedDuty Trucks

13%

Other Mobile30%

On-Road Mobile

33%

Stationary16%

Area-Wide 21%

NOx Inventory ForecastNOx Inventory ForecastSacramento Nonattainment AreaSacramento Nonattainment Area

Controls in SacramentoControls in SacramentoOver 40 adopted rules affectingOver 40 adopted rules affecting

Residents and schoolsResidents and schools water heaters, water heaters, house paints, varnishes and other solventshouse paints, varnishes and other solvents wood burning applianceswood burning appliances

Industrial and commercial sourcesIndustrial and commercial sources Electric power plantsElectric power plants Automobile refinishingAutomobile refinishing Auto repair shopsAuto repair shops BakeriesBakeries Asphalt pavingAsphalt paving Cabinet shopsCabinet shops Boilers and water heatersBoilers and water heaters Landfill gasLandfill gas Boat manufacturingBoat manufacturing PrintingPrinting

Agricultural sources Agricultural sources Agricultural burningAgricultural burning Confined animal feeding operationsConfined animal feeding operations

10+ new or amended rules under consideration10+ new or amended rules under consideration

2008 Benefits From District VOC Rules2008 Benefits From District VOC RulesSacramento RegionSacramento Region

63 Tons/Day63 Tons/Day

Aerospace, 0.04Bakeries, 0.5Polyester Resin, 0.5

Fugitive V&F, 1

Adhesive, 1

Graphic Arts, 1

Wood Coating, 1

Landfill, 1

Misc Metal Parts, 2

Can Coating, 2

SOCMI, 2Solvent Cleaning

Degreasing12

ArchCoating

6Auto

Refinishing4

Other12Gas Stations

14

Bulk Terminals16

2008 Benefits From District NOx Rules2008 Benefits From District NOx RulesSacramento RegionSacramento Region

20 Tons/Day20 Tons/Day

Biomass Boilers0.5

Residential Water Heaters

1

Gas Turbines11

Boilers3

ICEngines

6

Innovative Clean Air StrategiesInnovative Clean Air StrategiesIncentive programsIncentive programs

Other strategiesOther strategies

District Mobile Source ActionsDistrict Mobile Source Actions

DMVSchool Bus

Mitigation

CMAQ

EPA

Other

-Since 1998, 3784 engines, $88 million, 6.5 tons of NOx per day. ($13 million/ton per day)

Other InnovationsOther Innovations

- Raley’s trucks

- Off road NOx devices

- Propane generators

- Idling devices

- Switch engines

- Cap Corridor trains

Nevada County ActivitiesNevada County Activities

Grass Valley in Sacramento’s Grass Valley in Sacramento’s Spare the Air Spare the Air ozone movies ozone movies

Extended movies to 24 hours Extended movies to 24 hours per day to capture Grass per day to capture Grass Valley peak ozone levelsValley peak ozone levels

Invited Northern Sierra APCD Invited Northern Sierra APCD staff to participate in staff to participate in Sacramento planning effortsSacramento planning efforts

Community invited to suggest Community invited to suggest additional control measures additional control measures

Coordinate EPA grant to fund Coordinate EPA grant to fund additional air monitoring additional air monitoring equipment in Nevada Countyequipment in Nevada County

Progress towards attainmentProgress towards attainment

Use model results Use model results to project to project attainmentattainment

Colored lines Colored lines show show attainment attainment dates for each dates for each part of the part of the regionregion

Declining VOC Emissions

Dec

linin

g N

Ox

Em

issi

ons 2002

2008

2011

2014

2018

2018Cool

Folsom

PlacervilleSloughhouse

Sac-Del Paso Manor

Grass ValleyAuburn

Emission Forecasts w/

Existing Controls

Emission Forecasts w/

New Controls

Monitoring Site Attainment Lines (84 ppb) are based on 2012 modeling, except Cool is based on 2018 modeling.

2012

Questions???Questions???Questions???Questions???

How difficult is attainment in 2012?How difficult is attainment in 2012?Effects of draconian strategiesEffects of draconian strategies

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2002EmissionInventory

2012EmissionInventory

2012 w/oLight DutyVehicles

2012 w/oDieselTrucks

2012 w/oMotor

Vehicles

2012 w/oStationarySources

2012 w/oAgriculture

2012 w/oOffroad

Equipment

NO

x E

mis

sion

s (to

ns/d

ay)

Need 40% reductions to attain.

Attainment Goal

Population-Weighted Exposure Ozone TrendSacramento County

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Ozo

ne (

pp

m-h

ou

rs p

er

pers

on

)

Baseline Pop-Weighted Exposure 3-Yr Moving AvgExposure Data Source: ARB

Population-Weighted Exposure Ozone TrendNorthern Sierra AQMD

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Ozo

ne

(p

pm

-ho

urs

pe

r p

ers

on

)

Baseline Pop-Weighted Exposure 3-Yr Moving AvgExposure Data Source: ARB