s5 muyungi land activities
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United Republic of TanzaniaUnited Republic of Tanzania
MANAGING LAND USE, PROTECTING LANDMANAGING LAND USE, PROTECTING LANDAND MITIGATING LAND DEGRADATION:AND MITIGATING LAND DEGRADATION:
TANZANIA CASE STUDYTANZANIA CASE STUDY
R. S. MuyungiR. S. MuyungiAssistant Director and UNCCD/UNFCCCAssistant Director and UNCCD/UNFCCC
Focal PointFocal Point
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OUTLINEOUTLINE
IntroductionIntroduction
The Strategy on Urgent Action toThe Strategy on Urgent Action to
Combat the Degradation of LandCombat the Degradation of Landandand Conserve Water catchmentConserve Water catchment
areas in Tanzaniaareas in Tanzania
ChallengesChallengesConclusionConclusion
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1. Introduction1. Introduction
Efforts to Combat land degradation and conservewater catchment areas and related ecosystems inTanzania are linked to the overall national effortstowards poverty eradication and sustainabledevelopment. The National Strategy for Growthand Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) of 2005provides a close relationship between reduction ofPoverty and the sustainability of the productive
Sectors, particularly agriculture that counts for45% of the GDP and about 60% of the exportearnings as well as livelihood to over 80% of thepopulation.
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Cont
Energy supply is also dependent on the
existence of well functioning and unexploitedwater catchments, dry land areas and related
ecosystems, much as agricultural productivity
and sustainability is dependent on Sustainable
land management particularly degraded lands inthe dry lands. The challenge is how to make
these sectors, individually and collectively,
contribute more to poverty reduction and sustain
the economic growth envisaged to achieve theNational 2020 Vision of a country with a
transitional economy.
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Cont
Other policies and strategies:-
NEAP, 1994; NEP, 1997; NAP, 1999 & Reviewed
2004; ILFEMP, 2002. Policies reviewed:- Forest,
Wildlife, Mineral, Fisheries, Water, Agriculture,
Energy, and the National Land policy.
Legislations to promote effective environmental
management:- EMA, 2004; Water Act,
1999, Forest Act, 2002, Mining Act 1998
etc.
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2. The Strategy on Urgent Action to2. The Strategy on Urgent Action to
Combat the Degradation of LandCombat the Degradation of Landandand Conserve Water catchmentConserve Water catchment
areas in Tanzaniaareas in Tanzania
Land degradation and degradation of watercatchments has continued to be a national
challenge;
Over 60% of the land area is facing threats
of desertification;An Inter ministerial Steering Committee has
been put in place and is Chaired by Vice
President.
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3. Challenges
The Strategy identifies problems andchallenges on land degradation and water
catchment areas. The challenges are:-
i.) Environmental degradation arising from the
invasion of water sources/catchment areasby livestock keepers/herdsmen.
ii.) Environmental degradation arising fromillegal human activities related to agriculture
and livestock keeping, settlement along theslopes of mountains, on top of mountainranges, in river valley and around watersources.
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ContCont
iii.)iii.) Environmental degradation due to deforestation
and massive tree cutting for firewood,charcoal and house construction in urbanareas.
iv.) Unsustainable small and large scale irrigation
projects and programmes with negativeconsequences on biodiversity and wateravailability in dams for hydroelectricity.
v.) Inadequate accurate data and information at
district level regarding water sources anduses
vi.) Environmental degradation and deterioration ofwater sources due to wild fire.
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Cont.
vii.) Drying up of water sources resulting from the
planting and growth of alien and exotic treespecies.
viii.) Desertification and drought in many parts ofthe country.
ix.) Limited public awareness and involvement inenvironmental protection and sustainableutilization of natural resources.
x.) Land use conflicts between various
stakeholders and environmentaldegradation.
xi.) Environmental Degradation arising frommining activities
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4. Conclusion
Sustainable land management can be achieved
by integrating international and nationalefforts at different levels. The UNCCD, GEFand the International community need toincrease financial support to countries that
have shown clear commitment to addressland degradation. Tanzania has put in placethis Strategy as a clear indication of its totalcommitment to Combat Land Degradationand mitigates the effects of drought;
The UN Convention to Combat Desertificationremains an important multilateralenvironmental agreement in CombatingDesertification and Land Degradation.
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Cont
There should be a renewed commitment from
developed countries to support the implementationof NAP and such Strategy through the UNCCD.
As a link between UNCCD and Climate Change,
Sustainable Afforestation and reforestation
can address land degradation through
Carbon traded incentives from Afforestation
and reforestation as well as avoideddeforestation. However, national ownership
of carbon trade using such activities is a pre
requisite.
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Cont.
Capacity building in terms of having a critical
mass of government institutions and
national non government actors that can
venture into carbon trade is critical.
Reduced rate of desertification through
enhanced growth of natural vegetation can
lead to reduced conflicts between
pastoralists and farmers. Efforts towards
better land use planning and land reformsare very important. This is what the
strategy advocates and needs to be
supported by the international community.
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU