s1 pse - inequalities -

8/3/2019 S1 PSE - Inequalities -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s1-pse-inequalities- 1/45

1

S1 Global Citizenship Unit

INSTRUCTIONS TO PUPILS

This unit is about inequality around the world different ways in which countries areunequal.

You will each be given a sheet with one example of inequality.

Firstly, you need to read the sheet and find out the worst country for this example of

inequality.

Then you need to collect another sheet about that country.

You will need to do some research at home on the internet.

Your main task is to tell the rest of the class about this example of inequality.

What you need to tell the class

y The best and worst countries for your example of

inequality

y Why this example of inequality is important

y In more detail, why the worst country is the worst

You need to make your talk as fascinating, dramatic and entertaining as possible, so

that everyone sits up and takes notice.

So think about the best way of getting across your information.

A few ploys:

y Start either with a dramatic statement

- This will seriously improve your knowledge.....

- Can you believe that ....

- This would be unbelievable if it were not true .......

y Or at least an interesting one

- Did you know.....

y Or, possibly an interesting short story

- It was a sunny Tuesday morning and 12 year olds Divya and Anna were

busy looking after cattle. They could see other children going to school, but they were not allowed to go ....

y Then, when talking about the worst country, don¶t drone on and on but reduce

what is being said to a few bullet points

- Eg Ther e are 4 main rea sons for this ... 1 ...

2 ...



2

Listening carefully and take notes from other people¶s presentation

ISSUE PUPIL MOST INTERESTING POINTS

AIR POLLUTION

CHILDREN

DOCTORS

EDUCATION

ELECTRICITY

FARMLAND

FERTILIZER USE

FOOD

HAPPINESS

INCOME

LIFE EXPECTANCY

LITERACY

MURDERS

POPULATION DENSITY

ROADS

SAFE WATER

SANITATION

SUICIDES

TELEPHONES

UNEMPLOYMENT



3

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² OLYMPIC MEDALS

Countries are unequal in terms of

how manyO

lympic medals theyhave won.

The United Kingdom has won 106medals for every 10 millionpeople.

The table over the page gives youthe Olympic medals won in 80 countries in the world, includingthose with the highest and lowest numbers.

y The number of summer Olympic medals won by each country

since 1906 has been added up. Because the USA has far more

people than the UK, you would expect it to win more medals. So

the number of medals a country has won is worked out for

every 10 million people in that country now.

y Gold, silver and bronze medals have been included.

y The number of Olympic medals won is one way of measuring

how successful a country is at sport.

y In the world as a whole, a group of 10 million people on average

has won 56 medals.

y The number of Olympic medals won is much higher in rich

countries of the world than in poorer countries.



4

Olympic Medals Won(by an average 10 million people in that country)

Algeria 4

Australia 174

Australia 105

Bahamas, The 199

Barbados 36

Belgium 135

Bermuda 153

Brazil 4

Bulgaria 262

Burkina Faso 0.7

Cameroon 2

Canada 70

China 2

Colombia 2

Cuba 121

Denmark 296DominicanRepublic 1

Ecuador 0.7

Egypt 2

Estonia 195

Ethiopia 3

Finland 567

France 99

Germany 53

Ghana 2

Greece 118

Haiti 2

Hungary 443

Iceland 101

India 0.2

Indonesia 0.7

iraq 0.4

Ireland 50

Italy 82

Ivory Coast 0.6

Jamaica 135

Korea, South 32

Kuwait 4

Kyrgyzstan 2

Latvia 44

Luxembourg 64

Malaysia 1

Mexico 4

Mongolia 50Mozambique 1

Netherlands 130Netherlands Antilles 45

New Zealand 183

Niger 0.8

Nigeria 1

Norway 292

Pakistan 0.6

Peru 1

Philippines 1

Poland 63

Romania 119

Saint Kitts & Nevis 257

Saudi Arabia 0.8

Senegal 0.9

Singapore 2

Slovenia 30

Sri Lanka 0.5

Suriname 46

Sweden 521

Switzerland 244

Syria 1

Taiwan 4

Tanzania 0.5

Thailand 1

Tonga 89

Trinidad & Tobago 102

Uganda 2

United Kingdom 106

United States 72

Uzbekistan 2

Venezuela 3Vietnam 0.1

Virgin Islands 92

Zambia 2

Zimbabwe 0.8



5

Vietnam(fewest Olympic

medals)

Vietnam is a long, narrow, S-shaped

country in south-east Asia. It is a little

bigger than the United Kingdom. It is a mixture of tropical lowlands

and forested mountains and it has a monsoon climate, with extremely

heavy rain for part of the year and dry weather for the rest.

Vietnam is a poor country. Nearly half of its people live on less than

£1 a day. The government has little money because few people can

afford to pay taxes and it does not sell many goods abroad. (Do you

know of any goods in shops here which are made in Vietnam?). So the country

has to use its money to build schools, roads and hospitals. It does

not have enough for sports facilities.

The facilities it does have are in cities and most people live in the

countryside. It is not easy to travel to the cities.

Most of the children in Vietnam do not receive a proper diet. There

are a lot of diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. As a result

most Vietnamese are not as strong physically as they should be.

The government is now providing free health care for everyone and

making sure everyone has safe drinking water. So in future the

people should be healthier. The government is also improving sports

facilities and providing the best trainers for their athletes. They

are improving the medical and physio support for athletes as well.



6

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² UNEMPLOYMENT

Countries are unequal in how

many people are unemployed.In the United Kingdom theunemployment rate is 5%, whichmeans that one adult out oftwenty is out of a job.

The table over the page tells youthe unemployment rate in 100

countries, including the worst countries (with the highest rate) andthe best (with the lowest rate).

y The unemployment rate is the percentage of adults who do not

have a job.

y Unemployment does change a lot. These figures are for 2007.

y Investigating the unemployment rate in a country is very useful

because it tells us a lot about the standard of living of the

people there. A very high unemployment rate tells us that

there are not enough jobs in that country and that most people

will have little money.

y In the whole world the unemployment rate is 14%.

y Unemployment is lowest in the Developed countries and highest

in the Developing countries. This is made worse by the fact

that unemployed people in the Developed world will receive

some money (as unemployment benefit). Unemployed people in

the developing world receive nothing.



7

Afghanistan 40 Lithuania 4 Australia 4 Luxembourg 4 Austria 4 Macedonia 35 Azerbaijan 1 Malaysia 3

Bangladesh 3 Mali 28Belarus 2 Mauritania 20Bermuda 2 Moldova 2Bhutan 3 Mongolia 3Bosnia 40 Mozambique 21Brunei 4 Nepal 42Burkina Faso 77 New Zealand 4Cambodia 3 Nicaragua 22Cameroon 30 Norway 3China 4 Palestinian Territories 35Comoros 20 Qatar 1Cuba 2 Romania 4

Cyprus 4 Senegal 49Denmark 3 Serbia 19Djibouti 50 South Africa 24Dominica 23 Sudan 19Dominican Republic 16 Swaziland 40East Timor 50 Switzerland 3Equatorial Guinea 30 Taiwan 4French Guiana 19 Tajikistan 2Gabon 22 Thailand 1Guatemala 3 Trinidad & Tobago 5Honduras 28 Turkmenistan 60Iceland 1 Ukraine 4

Japan 4 United Arab Emirates 2Kenya 40 United Kingdom 5Korea, South 3 United States 5Kuwait 2 Vietnam 4Kyrgyzstan 18 Yemen 35Laos 2 Zambia 50Lebanon 20 Zimbabwe 80

Lesotho 45

Liberia 85

Libya 30

Liechtenstein 1

Unemployment(percentage of people who are unemployed)



8

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² TELEPHONES

Countries are unequal in the number

of telephones that people have.

In the United Kingdom there are1610 telephone subscribers forevery one thousand people in thecountry. The table on the next page gives

you the number of telephone subscribers in 100 countries in theworld, including those with the highest and lowest number of

telephones.

y Telephone subscribers are the people who pay for the

telephone. In your house that will probably be one of your

parents who pays for the landline. Hutchesons· Grammar School

is also a telephone subscriber.

y Both landline and mobile phones are counted.

y There are only 625 telephone subscribers for every thousand

people in the world.

y Telephone ownership is a useful statistic because it tells us a

lot about how rich the people in a country are.

y Telephone ownership is much higher in the rich Developed

countries than the poorer Developing countries.



9

Afghanistan 43 Italy 1674

Antigua & Barbuda 1347 Japan 1205

Australia 1487 Korea, South 1282

Austria 1450 Kuwait 1237

Bahrain 1373 Liechtenstein 1407

Bangladesh 70 Lithuania 1433

Barbados 1221 Luxembourg 2058

Belgium 1346 Madagascar 32

Bhutan 32 Malawi 44

Bulgaria 1172 Mali 77

Burkina Faso 48 Malta 1320

Burma 15 Mozambique 41

Burundi 21 Nepal 25

Cambodia 41 Netherlands 1428

Central African Republic 29 New Zealand 1303

Chad 14 Niger 28 Comoros 49 Norway 1499

Congo, Democratic Republic 46 Papua New Guinea 15

Cuba 87 Portugal 1484

Cyprus 1460 Rwanda 20

Czech Republic 1464 Slovenia 1281

Denmark 1624 Solomon Islands 25

Eritrea 17 Somalia 70

Estonia 1416 Spain 1479

Ethiopia 14 Sudan 62

Finland 1407 Sweden 1805

France 1381 Switzerland 1598 Germany 1629 Tajikistan 43

Greece 1532 Tanzania 57

Guinea 20 Togo 88

Guinea-Bissau 9 Turkmenistan 81

Haiti 71 Uganda 60

Hungary 1267 United Arab Emirates 2252

Iceland 1678 United Kingdom 1610

Iraq 63 United States 1230

Ireland 1555 Uzbekistan 78

Israel 1704 Vanuatu 85

Zambia 92 Zimbabwe 81

Telephones(number of telephones for every 1000 people in the country)



10

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² SUICIDES

Countries are unequal in terms

of how many people take theirown lives.

For every one million peopleliving in the United Kingdom,110 commit suicide.

The table on the next pagegives you the suicide rate of 76countries in the world, including

those with the lowest and highest rates. The ¶worst· country has thehighest number and the ¶best· country has the lowest number.

y Investigating suicides is useful because it tells us something

(but not everything) about how happy and contented people

are.

y The average suicide rate in the world is 195 in every one million

people. This means that over one million people living on this

planet will take their own lives.

y Suicide rates are much higher in the rich countries of the

world compared with the poor countries.

y And suicide rates are also higher in colder areas than warmer

areas.



11

Albania 29 Kuwait 21

Argentina 97 Kyrgyzstan 226 Armenia 39 Latvia 714 Australia 215 Lithuania 819 Austria 342 Luxembourg 308 Azerbaijan 8 Malta 66Bahamas, The 24 Mexico 45Bahrain 49 Moldova 295Barbados 89 Netherlands 162Belarus 557 New Zealand 205Belgium 373 Nicaragua 43Belize 11 Norway 177Brazil 46 Panama 50Bulgaria 253 Peru 7Canada 215 Poland 247Chile 84 Portugal 123Colombia 49 Russia 741Costa Rica 71 Saint Lucia 110Croatia 346 Singapore 140Czech republic 281 Slovenia 451Denmark 241 Spain 110Ecuador 57 Sri Lanka 469Egypt 1 Suriname 182El Salvador 130 Sweden 200

Estonia 646 Switzerland 295Finland 434 Tajikistan 54France 304 Turkey 38Georgia 54 Turkmenistan 81Germany 218 Ukraine 382Greece 59 United Kingdom 110Hong Kong 134 United States 198Hungary 555 Uruguay 166Iceland 158 Uzbekistan 93Ireland 174 Venezuela 78Israel 110 Zimbabwe 105

Italy 96

Jamaica 5

Japan 250

Kazakhstan 397

Korea, South 128

Suicides(number of suicides for every million people in the country)



12

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² SANITATION

Countries are unequal in terms of how

many people have proper sanitation.Everyone in the United Kingdom hasaccess to proper sanitation.

The table over the page tells you howmany people in 100 countries in the

world have proper sanitation, includingthose with the highest and lowest

percentages.

y Proper sanitation means that sewage is disposed of safely.

y In the United Kingdom every house and building has toilets

which are connected to sewers. These take our waste to

treatment plants where it is made safe before being deposited

in rivers or the sea.

y Investigating sanitation is useful because, if sewage is not

disposed of safely, it will contaminate water or land and spread

killer diseases.

y 74% of the world·s people have access to proper sanitation.

Unfortunately, this means that nearly 2 million people have to

live in conditions in which it is almost impossible to avoid

disease.

y The percentage of people with safe water is higher in the rich

countries of the world compared with the poor countries.y And the percentage of people with safe water is higher in

towns than in the countryside.



13

Algeria 47 Kenya 38 Angola 56 Kyrgyzstan 40 Armenia 100 Laos 49 Australia 100 Lesotho 48 Austria 100 Lithuania 100Bahamas, The 98 Madagascar 37Bangladesh 34 Malawi 44Barbados 100 Mali 20Benin 52 Mexico 100Bhutan 62 Morocco 100Bolivia 53 Nepal 62

Botswana 28 Netherlands 100Brazil 50 Nicaragua 34Burundi 29 Nigeria 33Cameroon 62 Oman 43Canada 100 Panama 97Central African Republic 43 Papua New Guinea 98Chad 21 Paraguay 56Chile 96 Peru 94Croatia 96 Romania 96Cuba 99 Saudi Arabia 99Djibouti 13 Senegal 8

Dominica 99 Slovakia 100Ecuador 94 Swaziland 30Equatorial Guinea 53 Sweden 100Eritrea 59 Switzerland 100Fiji 99 Syria 55Finland 100 Thailand 99Gabon 98 Togo 28Georgia 99 Trinidad & Tobago 95Guinea 23 Tunisia 97Guinea-Bissau 25 Turkey 100Haiti 54 Uganda 42

Honduras 30 United Kingdom 100Hungary 99 United States 100Iran 99 Uruguay 94Jamaica 96 Yemen 28Kazakhstan 99 Zambia 29

Sanitation(percentage of the people who have access to proper sanitation)



14

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² SAFE WATER

Countries are unequal in

terms of how many peopledrink clean water.

Everyone in the UnitedKingdom has access towater that has beencleaned and is safe to drink.

The table over the pagetells you how many people in 100 countries in the world are able to

drink safe water, including those with the highest and lowestpercentages.

y Safe water is water that is not polluted. It may have come

from deep underground or it may have been cleaned and then

piped to people·s houses.

y Investigating access to safe water is useful because polluted

water is one of the main ways in which diseases are spread.

People who are not able to drink clean, safe water are much

more likely to suffer from disease.

y 83% of the world·s people have access to safe water.

Unfortunately, this means that 1,100,000 people do not.

y The percentage of people with safe water is higher in the rich

countries of the world compared with the poor countries.y And the percentage of people with safe water is higher in

towns than in the countryside.



15

Afghanistan 22 Lebanon 100

Andorra 100 Liberia 64 Angola 51 Luxembourg 100 Australia 100 Macedonia 100 Austria 100 Madagascar 47Barbados 100 Mali 60Belarus 100 Malta 100Benin 65 Mauritania 60Bulgaria 99 Mauritius 100Cambodia 65 Mozambique 42Canada 100 Netherlands 100Central African Republic 66 Niger 42Chad 48 Nigeria 47Congo, Democratic Republic 46 Niue 100Cyprus 100 Norway 100Czech Republic 100 Papua New Guinea 40Denmark 100 Qatar 100Equatorial Guinea 43 Rwanda 65Eritrea 60 Sierra Leone 53Estonia 100 Slovakia 100Ethiopia 42 Solomon Islands 70Fiji 47 Somalia 29Finland 100 Spain 100France 100 Sudan 70

Germany 100 Swaziland 60Greece 100 Sweden 100Guinea 70 Switzerland 100Guinea-Bissau 57 Tajikistan 67Haiti 58 Tanzania 55Hungary 100 Timor-Leste 62Iceland 100 Togo 59Israel 100 Tonga 100Japan 100 Uganda 64Kenya 57 United Arab Emirates 100Kiribati 65 United Kingdom 100Korea, South 100 Uruguay 100

Laos 60 Yemen 66Zambia 58

Safe Water (percentage of the people who can drink safe water)



16

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² ROADS


how many roads they have.

In the United Kingdom we have alot of proper paved roads. Thereare 633 kilometres of paved roadfor every 100,000 people.

The table on the next page gives you the number of roads in 100

countries in the world, includingthose which have the most and

the least.

y We use the number of paved roads for every 100,000 people in

the country because it gives us a good idea of how good the

road network is for the people who live there.

y In the whole world there are 211 kilometres of paved road for

every 100,000 people.

y The number of paved roads is a useful statistic because it tells

us how easy it is to travel around the country. It tells us

something about the standard of living there because if there

are not many paved roads, presumably, not many people have

cars.

y The number of roads is much higher in the rich Developed

countries than the poorer Developing countries.



17

Angola 40 Liberia 22

Armenia 497 Libya 915 Australia 1660 Liechtenstein 719 Austria 2500 Lithuania 1960Bangladesh 16 Luxembourg 1180Barbados 648 Madagascar 37Belarus 662 Mali 16Belgium 1140 Malta 506Benin 19 Mauritania 31Bolivia 42 Mozambique 32Brunei 758 Nepal 17Burkina Faso 18 Netherlands 663Burundi 16 New Zealand 1500Cambodia 14 Niger 7Cameroon 30 Norway 1550Central African Republic 17 Papua New Guinea 13Chad 3 Peru 36China 25 Poland 648Croatia 528 Portugal 578Czech Republic 539 Rwanda 13Denmark 1340 Sierra Leone 20Dominica 549 Slovakia 687El Salvador 32 Slovenia 1010Eritrea 26 Solomon Islands 8

Estonia 755 Somalia 38Ethiopia 6 Spain 1650France 1520 Sudan 13Greece 990 Sweden 1880Guinea-Bissau 34 Switzerland 990Haiti 13 Tanzania 11Hungary 798 Uganda 8Ireland 2290 United Arab Emirates 36Italy 843 United Kingdom 633Ivory Coast 30 United States 1320Jamaica 509 Vietnam 30Kazakhstan 518 Western Sahara 494

Kenya 25Korea, North 9

Latvia 1190

Roads(kilometres of roads for every 100,000 people who live there)



18

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² POPULATION DENSITY

Countries are unequal interms of how many

crowded they are.

In the United Kingdomthere are, on average,245 people for everysquare kilometre of thecountry.

The table over the page gives you the population density of 100

countries in the world, including those which are the most andleast crowded.

y Population density tells us how crowded a country is. It is

calculated by dividing the country·s population by its area,

which gives an answer in people per square kilometre.

y At the start of 2010 the world·s population was 6.8 billion. If

you divide this figure by the earth·s land area (150 million

square kilometres), the average population density in the world

is 45 per sq.km.

y Investigating population density is useful because, all other

things being equal, very crowded countries must find it much

harder to provide food, jobs and houses for everyone living

there.



19

Algeria 13 Liechtenstein 200

Andorra 147 Luxembourg 166 Angola 8.97 Maldives 1001

Argentina 13 Mali 8.55

Australia 2.47 Mauritania 2.51

Bahrain 1015 Mauritius 639

Bangladesh 949 Mongolia 1.67

Belgium 337 Namibia 2Belize 10 Nepal 178

Bolivia 7.36 Netherlands 466

Botswana 2.5 New Zealand 14

Burundi 224 Niger 7.86

Canada 3.36 Norway 14Central AfricanRepublic 5.53 Oman 12

Chad 6 Pakistan 177

China 134 Palestinian Territories 3091

Comoros 259 Papua New Guinea 10

DominicanRepublic 168 Paraguay 14

El Salvador 282 Philippines 266

Equatorial Guinea 17 Russia 8.61

Finland 17 Rwanda 327

French Guiana 1.88 Sahara, Western 0.9Gabon 4.76 Saudi Arabia 11

Gambia, The 134 Seychelles 174

Germany 235 Solomon Islands 17

Greenland 0.03 Somalia 11

Guyana 3.58 Sri Lanka 296

Haiti 250 Sudan 15

Iceland 2.72 Suriname 2.67India 337 Switzerland 183

Israel 283 Taiwan 685

Italy 193 Tonga 152

Jamaica 245 Trinidad & Tobago 215

Japan 337 Turkmenistan 8.95Kazakhstan 6.3 United Kingdom 245

Korea, North 178 Vietnam 238Korea, South 477 Zambia 13

Lebanon 348

Libya 2.84

Population Density(number of people in every sq. kilometre)



20

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² MURDERS

Countries are unequal in terms

of how dangerous it is to livethere.

For every one million peopleliving in the United Kingdom,four are murdered every year.

The table on the next pagegives you the murder rate of

60 countries in the world,including the safest and the most dangerous. The safest has thelowest number and the most dangerous has the highest number.

y The murder rate is worked out by looking at an average one

million people living in that country, and then calculating how

many are murdered each year.

y In the world as a whole, the average murder rate is 100 people

for every one million people living in that country. It is the

same as 0.01%.

y It is useful to look at murder rate for the very obvious reason

that it tells us a lot about the amount of crime in the country,

which must affect people·s quality of life. Everyone wants tolive in a safe environment but these figures tell us that people

in many countries cannot feel very safe.

y Murders are a little higher in Developing countries than

Developed countries, but there are a lot of exceptions to this.



21

Armenia 43 Mauritius 21

Australia 15 Mexico 130 Azerbaijan 29 Moldova 78Belarus 98 Netherlands 11Bulgaria 45 New Zealand 11Canada 15 Norway 11Chile 15 Papua New Guinea 84Colombia 618 Poland 56Costa Rica 61 Portugal 23Czech Republic 17 Qatar 1Denmark 11 Romania 25Dominica 29 Russia 202Estonia 107 Saudi Arabia 4Finland 28 Seychelles 74France 17 Slovakia 26Georgia 51 Slovenia 18Germany 12 South Africa 496Greece 8 Spain 12Hungary 20 Switzerland 9Iceland 17 Thailand 80India 34 Tunisia 11Indonesia 9 Ukraine 94Ireland 9 United Kingdom 14Italy 13 United States 43

Jamaica 324 Uruguay 45Japan 5 Venezuela 316Korea: South 20 Yemen 34Kyrgyzstan 80 Zambia 71Latvia 104 Zimbabwe 75

Lithuania 103

Macedonia 23

Murders(number of murders for every million people in the country)



22

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² LITERACY

Countries are unequal in terms of how many adults can read and

write.99% of all the adults in theUnited Kingdom can read andwrite. This still means thatthere are half a million adultswho cannot read or write.

The table over the page gives you the literacy rate of 100

countries in the world,including those with thehighest and lowest rates.

y Literacy is the ability to read and write. Someone who can read

and write is literate; if they cannot, they are illiterate.

y Investigating literacy is useful because it tells us something

about the quality of life of the people in that country. If an

adult cannot read or write, this must give him/her huge

problems in daily life.

y The average literacy rate in the world is 83.6%. This means

that roughly 5 out of every 6 adults can read and write.

y Literacy rates are higher in the rich countries of the world

compared with the poor countries.

y And, in almost every country, more men can read and write

than women.



23

Afghanistan 28.1 Korea, North 99 Australia 99 Laos 52.8Bangladesh 43.1 Latvia 99.8Barbados 99.7 Liberia 57.5Belarus 99.6 Lithuania 99.6Belgium 99 Luxembourg 100Benin 34.7 Malawi 62.7Bhutan 47 Mali 46.4Burkina Faso 21.8 Mauritania 41.7Burundi 51.6 Moldova 99.1Canada 99 Monaco 99Central African Republic 51 Mongolia 99.1Chad 47.5 Morocco 52.3Comoros 56.5 Mozambique 47.8Congo, Democratic Republic 65.5 Nepal 45.2Czech Republic 99 Netherlands 99Denmark 99 New Zealand 99East Timor 58.6 Niger 28.7Eritrea 58.6 Norway 100Estonia 99.8 Pakistan 49.9Ethiopia 42.7 Poland 99.8Finland 100 Russia 99.6France 99 Samoa 99.7

Gabon 63.2 Senegal 40.2Gambia, The 40.1 Sierra Leone 35.1Georgia 100 Slovakia 99.6Germany 99 Slovenia 99.7Greenland 100 Somalia 37.8Guinea 29.5 Sudan 61.1Guinea-Bissau 42.4 Sweden 99Haiti 52.9 Tajikistan 99.4Hungary 99.4 Togo 60.9Iceland 99 Ukraine 99.7India 59.5 Uzbekistan 99.3Iraq 40.4 Yemen 50.2

Ireland 99

Japan 99

Kazakhstan 99.5

Literacy(percentage of people who can read and write)



24

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² LIFE EXPECTANCY


how long the people there canexpect to live.

People in the United Kingdom canexpect to live for 78.9 years, butthere are big differences evenbetween different parts ofGlasgow.

The table on the next page gives you the life expectancy of 100

countries in the world, including those with the highest and lowestlife expectancies.

y Life expectancy is the number of years a person can expect to

live, on average, in that country.

y The average life expectancy in the world is 64 years.

y Life expectancy is a very useful statistic because it tells us a

lot about how healthy people are and healthy conditions are in

that country.

y Life expectancy is much higher in the rich Developed countries

than the poorer Developing countries.

y In almost all of the countries in the world, women live longer

than men, on average. And people in cities generally live longer

than people in the countryside.



25

Life Expectancy(years)

Afghanistan 44.2

Albania 77.8 Angola 37.9 Australia 81.5 Austria 79.4Belgium 79.1Benin 58.6Bermuda 78.3Bosnia & 78.3HerzegovinaBotswana 50.2British Virgin 77.1IslandsBurkina Faso 52.6Burundi 51.7

Cameroon 53.3Canada 81.2Central African 44.2RepublicChad 47.4Chile 77.2Congo, Democratic 54.0RepublicCongo Republic 53.7Costa Rica 77.4

Cuba 77.3Cyprus 78.2Czech Republic 76.6Denmark 78.1

Djibouti 43.3Ecuador 76.8Ethiopia 55.0Finland 78.8France 80.9French Guiana 77.3French Polynesia 76.5Gabon 53.5Gambia, The 55.0Georgia 76.5Germany 79.1Ghana 59.5Greece 79.5Guinea 56.6Guinea-Bissau 47.5Haiti 57.6Iceland 80.6Ireland 78.1

Israel 80.6

Italy 80.1Ivory Coast 54.6Japan 82.1Jersey 79.7Jordan 78.7Kenya 56.6Korea, South 78.6Kuwait 77.5Laos 56.3Lesotho 40.2Liberia 41.1Libya 77.1Luxembourg 79.2Malawi 43.5

Mali 49.9Mauritania 53.9Mozambique 41.0Namibia 49.9Netherlands Antilles 76.4Netherlands 79.3New Zealand 80.2Niger 44.3Nigeria 46.5Northern Mariana 76.5

Norway 79.8Panama 76.9Portugal 78.0Rwanda 49.8

Senegal 57.1Sierra Leone 40.9Singapore 81.9Slovenia 76.7Somalia 49.2South Africa 48.9Spain 79.9Sudan 50.3Swaziland 32.0Taiwan 77.8Tanzania 51.5Togo 58.3Uganda 52.3United Kingdom 78.9United States 78.1Sahara, Western 53.9Zambia 38.6Zimbabwe 44.3



26

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² INCOME

We are unequal in terms of our income.I

f you were to take the average of everyone·sannual income in the United Kingdom, it comesto $24,486.The table below and on the next page gives you the average annual (yearly) income of100+ countries in the world, including both therichest and poorest.

y Income is the amount of money that a person receives in a

year. It is usually calculated in dollars so that it can be

compared between countries.

y The average person in the world has an annual income of

$5737.

y

It is useful to compare average incomes in different countriesbecause it tells us a lot about how wealthy people are.

y But there are some problems in comparing countries in terms

of their incomes. In some countries the cost of living is much

lower, so you can buy a lot more with your money than in other

countries.

y Average income is much higher in the Developed countries thanthe Developing countries.

y In almost all of the countries in the world, women live longer

than men, on average. And people in cities generally live longer

than people in the countryside.



27

Australia: $19,213 Luxembourg: $37,499

Austria: $23,824 Madagascar: $232Bangladesh: $336 Malawi: $134

Belgium: $23,639 Mali: $219

Benin: $316 Malta: $9,125

Bhutan: $236 Mauritania: $323

Brunei: $20,823 Moldova: $326Burkina Faso: $187 Mongolia: $344

Burundi: $88 Mozambique: $195Cambodia: $244 Nepal: $210

Canada: $20,789 Netherlands: $23,770

Chad: $164 New Zealand: $12,639

Comoros: $326 Nicaragua: $326Cyprus: $12,013 Niger: $162Denmark: $30,191 Nigeria: $288

Eritrea: $145 Norway: $35,053Ethiopia: $91 Portugal: $10,316

Finland: $23,549 Rwanda: $223

France: $22,751 Sierra Leone: $118

Gambia, The: $267 Singapore: $20,066

Germany: $23,534 Slovenia: $9,670Ghana: $261 Spain: $14,575

Greece: $11,342 Sudan: $266

Guinea: $332 Sweden: $25,105

Guinea-Bissau: $141 Switzerland: $36,987

Iceland: $27,473 Tajikistan: $153Ireland: $21,846 Tanzania: $255

Israel: $17,046 Togo: $236Italy: $19,276 Uganda: $217

Japan: $35,474 United Arab Emirates: $19,198

Kenya: $315 United Kingdom: $24,486

Kuwait: $15,992 United States: $33,070

Kyrgyzstan: $268 Zambia: $295Liberia: $158

Income(the income earned by the average person in a year, in dollars)



28

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² HAPPINESS


how happy their people are.A sample of people in each countrywas asked whether they were, onthe whole, very happy, quite happy,not very happy, or not at all happy.

38% of people in the United Kingdom said that they were on thewhole very happy. 55% said they were quite happy, leaving 7%who were generally unhappy.

The table over the page gives you the happiness rate in 50countries in the world, including those with the highest andlowest rates.

y Happiness is not easy to measure. It was done by asking a

sample of people how happy they usually are

y Investigating happiness is interesting because it tells ussomething about the quality of life of the people in that

country. But we must remember it is not easy to measure it

accurately, so the results may be wrong.

y There appears to be an equal number of happy and unhappy

people in the world. 23% of all the people consider themselves

to be, on the whole, happy. Another 23% consider themselves

to be unhappy.y There seems to be no obvious difference between happiness

levels in rich and poor countries.



29

Happiness(percentage of people who said they are very happy)

Argentina 27 Japan 23 Armenia 6 Latvia 3 Australia 39 Lithuania 4 Austria 30 Mexico 31 Azerbaijan 11 Moldova 4Bangladesh 18 Netherlands 40Belarus 5 Nigeria 45Belgium 37 Norway 29Brazil 22 Philippines 40

Bulgaria 7 Poland 14Canada 32 Portugal 13Chile 30 Romania 6China 25 Russia 6

Croatia 8 Slovakia 4Denmark 36 Slovenia 11Dominican Republic 32 Spain 20Estonia 4 Sweden 36

Finland 20 Switzerland 38France 23 Turkey 39Georgia 11 Ukraine 5

Ghana 26 United Kingdom 38Hungary 11 United States 39Iceland 42 Uruguay 21India 23 Venezuela 55

Ireland 42Italy 13



30

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² CHILDREN

Countries are unequal in terms of how many children women

have.Women in the United Kingdom have, onaverage, 1.8 children. Two children arethe most common but many women have just one child. Fewer have three or more,and some have no children at all. So itaverages out at 1.8.

The table over the page gives you thenumber of children per family in 100countries in the world, including those

with the highest and lowest rates.

y The figures actually tell us the fertility rate, how many

children each woman in a country has in her lifetime.

y Investigating fertility-rates is useful because countries with ahigh fertility-rate have a very rapidly-growing population,

which they must find more and more difficult to feed.

y In the world as a whole, the average number of children that a

woman has in the world is 3.0.

y Fertility-rates are higher in the poor countries of the world

compared with the rich countries.

y If a country has a fertility rate of less than 2, its totalpopulation will start to decrease. If it is more than two, it will

increase. The higher the fertility rate, the faster the

population will grow.



31

Children(the average number of children each woman has)

Afghanistan 7.1 Latvia 1.3Angola 6.4 Liberia 6.8

Armenia 1.4 Lithuania 1.3

Australia 1.8 Luxembourg 1.7

Austria 1.4 Macedonia 1.4

Barbados 1.5 Madagascar 4.8

Belarus 1.2 Malawi 5.6

Belgium 1.7 Mali 6.5

Benin 5.4 Malta 1.4

Bosnia & 1.2 Moldova 1.4

Bulgaria 1.3 Mozambique 5.1

Burkina Faso 6 Netherlands 1.7Burundi 6.8 Niger 7.2

Canada 1.5 Nigeria 5.3

Central African 4.6PalestinianTerritories 5.1

Chad 6.2 Poland 1.2

China 1.7 Portugal 1.5

Congo, Democratic 6.7 Romania 1.3

Croatia 1.4 Russia 1.3

Cuba 1.5 Rwanda 5.9

Cyprus 1.6 Senegal 4.7Czech Republic 1.2 Sierra Leone 6.5

East Timor 6.5 Singapore 1.3

Equatorial Guinea 5.4 Slovakia 1.3

Eritrea 5.1 Slovenia 1.3

Estonia 1.5 Somalia 6

Ethiopia 5.3 Spain 1.4

Gambia, The 4.7 Switzerland 1.4Georgia 1.4 Tanzania 5.2

Germany 1.4 Togo 4.8

Greece 1.3 Trinidad & Tobago 1.6

Guinea 5.4 Uganda 6.5

Guinea-Bissau 7.1 Ukraine 1.2

Hungary 1.3 Yemen 5.5Italy 1.4 Zambia 5.2Ivory Coast 4.5 Zimbabwe 5.9

Japan 1.3

Kenya 5

Korea, South 1.2



32

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² FERTILIZER USE

Countries are unequal in terms of how much

fertilizer farmers put on to their land.Farmers in the United Kingdom put 3113grammes of fertilizer onto each 100 squaremetres of land every year.

The table over the page gives you thefertilizer use of 100 countries in the world,including those with the highest and lowestrates.

y Fertilizer is the name given to anything which makes the land

more fertile, so that crops grow better. Common fertilizers

include potash, phosphates and lime.

y Fertilizer use is measured by the amount put on to every 100

square metres of arable (crop) land in that country in a year.y Investigating how much fertilizer farmers use is useful

because it tells us whether the farmers are able to improve

their land. If few farmers have fertilizers, it is more difficult

for that country to grow more food.

y In the world as a whole, the average amount of fertilizer on

every 100 square metres of arable land is 1385 grammes.

y Fertilizer use is higher in the rich Developed countries of the

world compared with the poorer Developing countries.



33

Fertilizers(grammes used on every 100 sq. metres of farmland in a year)

Afghanistan 26 Japan Angola 5 Jordan

Austria 1504 Kazakhstan

Bangladesh 1780 Korea, South 4149

Belgium 3474 Laos 74

Bhutan 7 Lebanon 2319

Bolivia 45 Liberia 8

Burkina Faso 4 Madagascar 31

Burundi 26 Malaysia 6833

Cambodia 21 Mauritania 59

Cameroon 59 Moldova 55

Central AfricanRepublic 3 Mongolia 37

Chad 49 Mozambique 59

Chile 2296 Namibia 4China 3830 Netherlands 3668

Colombia 3128 New Zealand 5686

Comoros 38 Niger 4

Congo, DemocraticRepublic 16 Nigeria 55

Costa Rica 6736 Norway 2084

Cyprus 1541 Oman 3219

Ecuador 1688 Pakistan 1371

Egypt 4322 Saint Lucia 3358Equatorial Guinea 8 Sierra Leone 6

Eritrea 65 Slovenia 4160

Finland 1332 Somalia 5

France 2151 Spain 1673

Gabon 9 Sri Lanka 3103Gambia, The 25 Sudan 43

Germany 2200 Switzerland 2275Ghana 74 Tanzania 18

Greece 1491 Togo 68

Guinea 30 Tonga 62

Guinea-Bissau 80 Uganda 18

Indonesia 1360United ArabEmirates 4667

Ireland 4987 United Kingdom 3113Israel 2330 Uzbekistan 1602

Italy 1729 Vietnam 2993

Yemen 75



34

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² ELECTRICITY


much electricity they use.Each person in the United Kingdomuses 5774 kilowatt hours of electricityeach year.

The table over the page gives you theelectricity use in 100 countries in theworld, including those with the highestand lowest uses. The lowest user hasthe poorest quality of life.

y We measure our electricity use in units called kilowatt hours.

The electricity generated in all of a country·s power stations is

calculated and then divided by its number of people. This gives

an answer in kilowatt hours per person (capita).

y It is useful to investigate electricity consumption because it

tells us quite a lot about the quality of life of the people in

that country. If the people do not use much electricity, they

presumably have few televisions, little central heating or

lighting and few factories.

y In the world as a whole, each person uses 5828 kwh ofelectricity each year.

y Electricity use is much higher in rich countries of the world

than poorer countries.



35

Electricity(amount used by each person in a year, in kilowatt hours)

Afghanistan 35 Japan 7,702

Angola 188 Kazakhstan 5,000 Australia 10,721 Kenya 146

Austria 7,567 Korea, South 7,516

Bangladesh 148 Kuwait 15,211

Belgium 8,158 Liberia 88

Benin 68 Luxembourg 14605

Bhutan 227 Madagascar 48

Bulgaria 4,858 Malawi 79

Burkina Faso 37 Mali 34

Burma 84 Malta 4,568

Burundi 26 Mauritania 122

Cambodia 82 Montenegro 31Cameroon 199 Nepal 71

Canada 16,279 Netherlands 6,695

Central African Republic 25 New Zealand 9,437

Chad 26 Niger 31

Comoros 30 Nigeria 110

Czech Republic 6,020 Norway 24,011

Denmark 6,707 Pakistan 430

Djibouti 282 Qatar 15,939

Eritrea 48 Russia 6,969

Ethiopia 40 Rwanda 25

Finland 16,850 Saudi Arabia 6,621

France 7,328 Sierra Leone 41

Gambia, The 92 Somalia 31

Germany 6,663 South Africa 5,487

Ghana 301 Spain 5,835

Greece 5,037 Sudan 92

Greenland 4,997 Sweden 14769

Guinea 91 Switzerland 7,898

Guinea-Bissau 34 Taiwan 9,594

Haiti 38 Tanzania 56Iceland 31,147 Togo 96

Ireland 6,098 Uganda 30

Israel 6,356 United Arab Emirates 12,484Italy 5,400 United Kingdom 5,774

Ivory Coast 172 United States 12,924



36

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² EDUCATION


many years their children have to go toschool.

In the United Kingdom it is compulsoryto go to school for 12 years.

The table over the page gives you thenumber of years of compulsory education

in 100 countries in the world, includingthose with the greatest and fewest years.

y Compulsory education is the number of years that a child must

attend school.

y Investigating the length of compulsory education is useful

because it tells us something about how well-educated the

children are in that country. If the children have spent many years in school, they should be able to take skilled,

professional and well-paid jobs and so be more useful to their

country.

y The average number of years of compulsory education in the

world is 8.8.

y But, just because a country has compulsory education, does not

mean they enforce it. In many areas, children do not go toschool if their parents need them at home ² or at work.

y Compulsory education is longer in the rich countries of the

world compared with the poor countries.



37

Education(number of years children attend school)

Afghanistan 6 Iceland Angola 4 Iraq

Armenia 11 Ireland

Australia 11 Israel

Azerbaijan 11 Kazakhstan

Bangladesh 5 Luxembourg 10

Barbados 12 Mauritius 6

Belgium 13 Moldova 11

Benin 6 Nepal 5

Bhutan 11 Netherlands 13

Brunei 12 New Zealand 12

Burma 5 Nicaragua 6Burundi 6 Niger 6

Cambodia 6 Nigeria 6

Cameroon 6 Norway 11

Canada 11 Pakistan 5

Central African Republic 6 Panama 6

Chad 6 Peru 11

Costa Rica 10 Puerto Rico 10

Czech Republic 10 Qatar 6

Denmark 10 Rwanda 6

Dominica 13 Samoa 10

Dominican Republic 10 Saudi Arabia 6

Ecuador 10 Senegal 6

Equatorial Guinea 5 Seychelles 10

Eritrea 7 Slovenia 7

Ethiopia 6 Somalia 7Finland 10 Spain 11

France 11 Sudan 7

Gabon 11 Suriname 6

Germany 13 Syria 6

Guatemala 11 Togo 10

Guinea 6 Trinidad & Tobago 7

Guinea-Bissau 6 Tunisia 11

Haiti 6 United Kingdom 12Honduras 6 United States 12

Uruguay 10

Vietnam 5



39

Doctors(how many people for every doctor)

Angola 14,000 Kazakhstan 282 Argentina 332 Kenya 7,000

Armenia 279 Korea, North 304

Austria 294 Latvia 332

Azerbaijan 282 Lebanon 308

Belarus 220 Lesotho 20,000

Belgium 256 Liberia 34,000

Benin 25,000 Lithuania 252

Bhutan 19,000 Luxembourg 370

Bulgaria 281 Malawi 33,000

Burkina Faso 17,000 Mali 12,000

Burundi 32,000 Mozambique 31,000Cambodia 6,700 Netherlands 323

Central African Republic 12,000 Niger 30,000

Chad 27,000 Norway 323

Congo, DemocraticRepublic 9,000

Papua NewGuinea 19,000

Cuba 169 Portugal 303

Czech Republic 286 Russia 235

Denmark 345 Rwanda 20,000

Eritrea 20,000 Senegal 18,000

Estonia 316 Sierra Leone 33,000Ethiopia 35,000 Slovakia 323

France 297 Solomon Islands 7,500

Gambia, The 9,000 Somalia 28,000

Georgia 244 Spain 313

Germany 294 Swaziland 6,500

Ghana 6,800 Sweden 303

Greece 227 Switzerland 278Guinea 9,000 Tanzania 50,000

Guinea-Bissau 8,000 Togo 26,000

Hungary 313 Turkmenistan 239

Iceland 276 Uganda 13,000

Indonesia 7,700 Ukraine 339

Ireland 358 Uruguay 274Italy 238 Uzbekistan 365Ivory Coast 8,000 Zambia 8,000

Zimbabwe 6,600



40

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² AIR POLLUTION


much air pollution they cause.Each person in the United Kingdom isresponsible for putting 9.2 metrictonnes of carbon dioxide into ouratmosphere.

The table over the page gives you the amount of air pollution in100 countries in the world, including those with the highest andlowest uses. The highest user is the worst offender.

y Air pollution is caused by many gases and so it can be measured

in many ways.

y Carbon dioxide is a helpful way of measuring air pollution

because it is linked to global warming. Carbon dioxide is a

greenhouse gas, the more of it in the atmosphere, the moreour air heats up.

y It is useful to investigate air pollution because it tells us

something about the quality of life of the people in that

country: the cleaner the air, the better the quality of life of

the people there.

y In the world as a whole, each person puts 4.2 metric tonnes ofcarbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year.

y Air pollution is much higher in rich countries of the world than

in poorer countries.



41

Air Pollution(tonnes of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere per year)

Afghanistan 0.03 Japan 9.6 Australia 16.5 Kazakhstan 8.1

Austria 7.9 Kenya 0.3

Bangladesh 0.2 Korea, North 7.3

Belarus 5.8 Laos 0.07

Belgium 12.1 Lesotho 0.1

Benin 0.2 Liberia 0.1

Bhutan 0.2 Libya 7.3

Bulgaria 6 Luxembourg 18

Burkina Faso 0.08 Madagascar 0.1

Burma 0.2 Malawi 0.06

Burundi 0.03 Mali 0.05Cambodia 0.04 Mozambique 0.06

Cameroon 0.2 Nepal 0.1

Canada 15.9 Netherlands 10.7

Central African Republic 0.07 New Zealand 8.1

Chad 0.01 Niger 0.1

Congo, Democratic Republic 0.01 Norway 7.7

Cyprus 9 Poland 7.9

Czech Republic 12.1 Portugal 6.1

Denmark 9.4 Russia 10.7

Eritrea 0.1 Rwanda 0.07

Estonia 11.2 Saudi Arabia 10.1

Ethiopia 0.05 Senegal 0.3

Finland 10.8 Sierra Leone 0.1

France 6 Slovakia 6.8

Gambia, The 0.2 Slovenia 7.5Germany 10.2 Solomon Islands 0.3

Ghana 0.2 South Africa 7.8

Greece 8.6 Spain 7.6

Guinea 0.1 Sudan 0.1

Guinea-Bissau 0.2 Swaziland 0.3

Haiti 0.2 Tanzania 0.07

Iceland 7.5 Turkmenistan 7

Ireland 10.7 Uganda 0.05Israel 10 Ukraine 7.4

Italy 7.7 United Kingdom 9.2

United States 19.5



42

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² FOOD EATEN

Countries are unequal in

terms of how much food thepeople have to eat.

The average adult in theUnited Kingdom eats 3490calories per day. Adults need2500 calories to be healthy.

The table over the page gives you the calorie intake of most

countries in the world,including those with thehighest and lowest rates.

y Investigating the amount of food people eat is a very useful

way of measuring their quality of life. There is something

seriously wrong in a country if it cannot feed all of its people.

y We usually measure food eaten according to the number of

calories people take in each day.

y The average person in the world eats 2806 calories per day.

This is more than an adult needs to be healthy. So, if all the

food in the world was shared equally, no-one would be hungry.But, last year, one billion people across the world did not get

enough to eat.

y And another one billion people in the world ate so much they

were considered to be overweight.



43

Angola 2089 Lebanon 3164 Australia 3135 Liberia 1930 Austria 3732 Libya 3337

Bangladesh 2193 Lithuania 3372

Belgium 3634 Madagascar 2056

Bermuda 2235 Malawi 2125

Bolivia 2219 Mali 2237Botswana 2196 Malta 3521

Brazil 3146 Mexico 3171Cambodia 2074 Mongolia 2250

Cameroon 2286 Mozambique 2082

Canada 3605 Namibia 2290Cape Verde 3216 Netherlands 3495

Central African Republic 1932 New Zealand 3199Chad 2147 Niger 2170

Congo 2183 Norway 3511Cuba 3286 Palestinian Territories 2242

Cyprus 3246 Poland 3366

Czech Republic 3308 Portugal 3747

Denmark 3472 Romania 3582

Djibouti 2239 Rwanda 2071Egypt 3356 Sierra Leone 1943

Estonia 3222 Solomon Islands 2260

Ethiopia 1858 Spain 3421Finland 3143 Sudan 2260

France 3623 Sweden 3208Germany 3484 Switzerland 3545

Greece 3666 Tajikistan 1907Guatemala 2227 Tanzania 1959

Guinea-Bissau 2051 Tunisia 3247

Haiti 2109 Turkey 3328

Hungary 3552 United Arab Emirates 3238

Iceland 3275 United Kingdom 3450Ireland 3717 United States 3754

Israel 3554 Venezuela 2272Italy 3675 Yemen 2020

Kenya 2155 Zambia 1975

Korea, North 2178 Zimbabwe 2004

Kyrgyzstan 3173

CALORIES (eaten per day by an average adult)



44

OUR UNEQUAL WORLD ² FARMLAND


useful their land is for farming.

70% of the land in the UnitedKingdom can be farmed. The rest istoo cold or too steep or too marshyto be used.

The table on the next page gives youthe amount of farmland in 100 countries in the world, including those

with the highest and lowest amounts.

y Farmland is measured as a percentage of the total land in the

country which is farmed.

y

I

nvestigating the amount of farmland is a useful way ofmeasuring the living standards of a country. It seems clear

that, the more land that can be farmed, the more well-off the

country is likely to be.

y If a country does not farm some of its land it is probably

because it is too dry or too cold or too steep to be worthwhile.

y On average in the world, 40% of all the land is farmed. If only

we could find ways of farming the rest. Just think how much

more food we could produce in the world.



Amount of Farmland(percentage of total land)

Algeria 17 Jordan 11Bahrain 14 Kazakhstan 77

Bangladesh 69 Korea, South 19

Belize 7 Kuwait 9

Bermuda 20 Laos 8

Bhutan 13 Lesotho 77

Brunei 5 Libya 9

Burma 17 Moldova 77

Burundi 91 Mongolia 83

Cameroon 20 Morocco 68

Canada 7 Mozambique 62Central African Republic 8 New Zealand 64

Chile 20 Nigeria 80

Comoros 66 Norway 3

Congo, Democratic Republic 10 Oman 3

Cyprus 15 Papua New Guinea 2

Djibouti 73 Paraguay 63

Dominican Republic 76 Peru 17

Egypt 4 Qatar 6

El salvador 82 Russia 13

Equatorial Guinea 12 Rwanda 78

Eritrea 76 Seychelles 15

Estonia 20 Solomon Islands 4

Finland 7 Somalia 70Gabon 20 South Africa 82

Gambia, The 78 Suriname 0.5

Ghana 65 Swaziland 81

Greece 65 Sweden 8

Greenland 0.6 Syria 76

Guyana 9 Togo 67

Hungary 65 Tunisia 63

Iceland 23 Turkmenistan 70

Iraq 23 Uganda 62

Ireland 61 Ukraine 71

Ivory Coast 63 United Arab Emirates 7

Japan 13 United Kingdom 70Uruguay 85

Uzbekistan 64

s1 pse - inequalities -

Documents