s olid in - iges publication database...s olid waste management in ban g ko k mrs. suwanna...

Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

in Bangkokin Bangkokgg

Mrs. Suwanna JungrungruengMrs. Suwanna JungrungruengDirector of Air Quality and Noise Management DivisionDirector of Air Quality and Noise Management DivisionDepartment of EnvironmentDepartment of EnvironmentBangkok Metropolitan AdministrationBangkok Metropolitan Administration

OverviewOverview

11 Fact about BangkokFact about Bangkok11 Fact about BangkokFact about Bangkok11.. Fact about BangkokFact about Bangkok

2.2. Fact about Solid Waste ManagementFact about Solid Waste Management

11.. Fact about BangkokFact about Bangkok

2.2. Fact about Solid Waste ManagementFact about Solid Waste Management

3.3. Bangkok Governor Policy Bangkok Governor Policy

44 Strategies of Waste ManagementStrategies of Waste Management

3.3. Bangkok Governor Policy Bangkok Governor Policy

44 Strategies of Waste ManagementStrategies of Waste Management4.4. Strategies of Waste Management Strategies of Waste Management

5.5. Action Plan on Global Warming Action Plan on Global Warming

4.4. Strategies of Waste Management Strategies of Waste Management

5.5. Action Plan on Global Warming Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation Mitigation

66 Solid Waste Management SituationSolid Waste Management Situation

Mitigation Mitigation

66 Solid Waste Management SituationSolid Waste Management Situation6.6. Solid Waste Management SituationSolid Waste Management Situation

7.7. Challenges on SWMChallenges on SWM

6.6. Solid Waste Management SituationSolid Waste Management Situation

7.7. Challenges on SWMChallenges on SWM

8.8. Future SWM InitiativeFuture SWM Initiative8.8. Future SWM InitiativeFuture SWM Initiative

1. Fact about Bangkok1. Fact about BangkokArea 1,568.737 sq. km.

Districts 50 Districts

Population density 3 640 persons/sq kmPopulation density

* Inner areas* Inner areas

3,640 persons/sq. km. (2008)

15,270 persons/sq. km (1978)

* outer areas* outer areas

km. (1978)11,400 persons/sq. km. (2008)770 persons/sq. km. (1978)(1978)2,400 persons/sq. km. (2008)

Registered Population ~ 5 7 million (2009)Registered Population 5.7 million (2009)

Non Registered Registered Population ~4 million (2009)

Average Maximum Temp :Average Minimum Temp:

38.8 c˚ (2009)

14.7 c˚ (2009)

3Annual Rainfall:1,600 mm. (2009)1,482 mm.(2006)

// //

2. Fact about Solid Waste Management2. Fact about Solid Waste Management Generation rate of solid waste Generation rate of solid waste ~ ~ 00..9898 kgkg././capitacapita//dayday

Collected waste Collected waste ~ ~ 88,,800 800 tonstons//dayday~~ 33 million tonsmillion tons//yearyear ((2121 %% f Th il d)f Th il d)((21 21 %% of Thailand)of Thailand)9090%% disposed by sanitary landfilldisposed by sanitary landfill

Infectious waste Infectious waste ~~ 2020 tons/daytons/day by incineratorby incinerator Waste collection driversWaste collection drivers 22 587587 personspersons Waste collection driversWaste collection drivers 22,,587587 personspersons Waste collection workersWaste collection workers 77,,591 591 personspersons SweepersSweepers 99,,042042 personspersons waste tow communitieswaste tow communities 246246 communitiescommunities waste tow communities waste tow communities 246246 communitiescommunities wastewaste tow volunteerstow volunteers 252252 personspersons Numbers of waste collection trucksNumbers of waste collection trucks 22,,000000 trucks (trucks (11,,477 477 hired trucks)hired trucks) Number ofNumber of waste collection boatswaste collection boats 112112 boatsboatsNumber of Number of waste collection boatswaste collection boats 112112 boatsboats Number of waste collection boatsNumber of waste collection boats 2222 truckstrucks Management costManagement cost more than more than 100 100 million US$million US$//annualannual

Comparison of Estimated waste and Collected waste

11.6711.4911.3211.1510.9710.8110.6410.48103210161000985897 911 925 940 955 97112.014.0

aste

s/

day)

936935946916899 877879878872838850

10.6410.4810.3210.1610.009.858.69 8.84 8.97 9.11 9.25 9.40 9.55 9.71

6 08.0

10.0

nt o

f wa

nd to

ns Collected waste

Estimated waste9.369.359.469.168.99 8.778.798.788.728.388.50

0 02.0

4.06.0

Am

oun

(tho

usa

0.0

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

Year

(

YearComparison of estimated waste and collected waste

(thousand tons/day)

% Waste increaes/decrease% Waste increaes/decrease in in 5 5 years: years:

19871987‐‐1990 1990 ~ ~ 99..2323% %

19911991 19951995 ~~66 0000%%year 2007 2008 2009 2010

Estimated waste 9.71 9.85 10.00 10.16

Collected waste 8.72 8.78 8.79 8.77

19911991‐‐1995 1995 ~~66..0000%%

19961996‐‐2000 2000 ~~66..5252%%

20012001‐‐20052005 ~~11 0202%%Waste Reduction from Estimated Waste (%) 10.17 10.84 12.14 13.72

20012001‐‐2005 2005 11..0202%%

20062006‐‐2010 2010 ~~00..6565%%

Waste Composition at Transfer Stations (Waste Composition at Transfer Stations (20102010) )

BoneandShell1.54%Stone and Ceramic 0.81%Textiles 5.52%

Bone and Shell 1.54%

Rubber 1.95%

FoodWaste4434%Disposable Waste Disposable Waste

((3939 7070%)%)Non-Recyclable Plastic

19.18%

Food Waste 44.34%((3939..7070%)%)

Non-Recyclable Paper 1070%

Composting waste Composting waste ((5050..0101%)%)10.70%

Metal 1.71%Woodandleavewaste

Recycle Waste Recycle Waste ((1010 2929%)%)

Glass2.70% Recyclable Paper 1.19%

Wood and leave waste 5.67%

((1010..2929%)%)

Foam 1.44%Glass 2.70%

Recyclable Plastic 3.25%

Solid Waste SeparationSolid Waste SeparationSolid Waste SeparationSolid Waste Separation

General waste Recycle waste Organic Waste Hazardous waste

‐ Waste Banking‐ Saleng groups‐ Waste purchasing

‐ Compost‐ Biogas

‐ Landfill

station ‐ Junk Shop‐ Manufacturers Household

Hazardous WasteInfectious WasteHazardous Waste Waste

‐ Treated of ‐ Special treatmentinfectious waste by incinerator

Special treatment and disposed by secure landfill

33. Bangkok Governor Policy. Bangkok Governor Policy

11. . Expansion of green areasExpansion of green areas 55,,000 000 rairai

22. . To provide sufficient waste collection serviceTo provide sufficient waste collection service

bl hbl h l b k dl b k d33. . To establishTo establish recycle bank and waste to energyrecycle bank and waste to energy

44.. To promote the use renewable energyTo promote the use renewable energy44. . To promote the use renewable energyTo promote the use renewable energy

44. Strategies of Waste Management. Strategies of Waste Managementg f gg f g

1)1) Promote waste minimization and waste separation at

sources.

2) Provide regular waste collection service in order to2) Provide regular waste collection service in order to

make Bangkok clean.

3) Develop the system of collection and disposal for

hazardous and infectious waste.f

4) Establish a network center on waste management.

5) Increase the efficiency of waste disposal by adapting

technologies and encouraging private sectors

participation on waste management.

55. Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation. Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation((20072007‐‐20122012) : The) : The 55 initiativesinitiatives

Comparison of GHG Emission in the Future Comparison of GHG Emission in the Future Under Different Scenarios Against Current GHG Emission ConditionUnder Different Scenarios Against Current GHG Emission Condition

((20072007‐‐20122012) : The ) : The 5 5 initiativesinitiatives

F t GHG E i iF t GHG E i iC t GHGS t

Year 2012Year 2007

gg

19 7725 3021 18T t ti

Future GHG Emission Under BMA Action Plan Implementation *

Future GHG Emission Under BAU Scenario *

Current GHG Emission *

Sector

13.751614.86Electricity

(‐0.61)Biofuels Energy (reduced GHG)

19.7725.3021.18Transportation

Electricity

6 366 365 58Oth ( ti t 15% f t t l GHG

(‐0.28)Waste Recycle (reduced GHG)

0.951.131.13Waste / Wastewater

6.366.365.58Others (estimate 15% of total GHG emission from other sectors)

(‐1.00)(‐0.10)(‐0.10)Green Area (reduced GHG)

38.9448.6942.65Total

* (CO2 equivalent – million tons)

55. Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation. Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation((20072007‐‐20122012) : The) : The 55 initiativesinitiatives

Comparison of GHG Emission in the Future Comparison of GHG Emission in the Future Under Different Scenarios Against Current GHG Emission ConditionUnder Different Scenarios Against Current GHG Emission Condition

((20072007‐‐20122012) : The ) : The 5 5 initiativesinitiatives

GHG emissions 7.1 tons CO2 equivalent / capita /year under business as usual (BAU)

gg

GHG emissions in future 5.5 tons CO2 equivalent /capita /year under the implementation of activities in 5‐year Action Plan

* (CO2 equivalent – million tons)

TargetTargetss for for RReducing educing GGreenhouse reenhouse GGas as EEmissionsmissions

Target : Target : By By 20122012Ultimate Goal: Ultimate Goal: 1515% reduction of GHGs emission% reduction of GHGs emission through the implementation of activities under the through the implementation of activities under the preceding preceding 5 5 initiativesinitiatives

11. Expand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic Systems. Expand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic Systems11. Expand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic Systems. Expand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic Systems

22. Promotion the Use of Renewable Energy. Promotion the Use of Renewable Energy

33 Improve Building Electricity Consumption EfficiencyImprove Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency

22. Promotion the Use of Renewable Energy. Promotion the Use of Renewable Energy

33 Improve Building Electricity Consumption EfficiencyImprove Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency33. Improve Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency. Improve Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency

44. Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater . Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater T t t Effi iT t t Effi i

33. Improve Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency. Improve Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency

44. Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater . Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater T t t Effi iT t t Effi iTreatment EfficiencyTreatment Efficiency

55. Expand Park Areas. Expand Park Areas

Treatment EfficiencyTreatment Efficiency

55. Expand Park Areas. Expand Park Areas

Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater Treatment EfficiencyTreatment EfficiencyTreatment EfficiencyTreatment Efficiency

Target COTarget CO22 emission reduction emission reduction 00..46 46 Million Ton in Million Ton in 20122012

Increase Efficiency in Solid Waste Management

Improve efficiency in organic waste management ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.1 million tons

Support solid wastes reuse and recycling ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.28 million tons

Increase Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment

Increase wastewater treatment capacity ; Increase wastewater treatment capacity ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.05 million tons

Reduce household wastewater ; reduction CO emitted 0 03 million tonsCO2 emitted 0.03 million tons

66 Solid Waste Management SituationSolid Waste Management Situation66. Solid Waste Management Situation. Solid Waste Management Situation

11)) WasteWaste MinimizationMinimization

22) Waste Collection and Transportation) Waste Collection and Transportation

33)) Waste Treatment and DisposalWaste Treatment and Disposal

11) ) Waste MinimizationWaste Minimization

Waste Reduction at SourceWaste Reduction at Source

ReduceReduceReduceReduce

ReuseReuse

RecycleRecycle

C i t i i i ti d t ti i ll ki d f di• Campaign on waste minimization and waste separation via all kinds of media• Recycling saves GHG emissions by providing a substitute for the use of raw materials

ReduceReduce1. Encouraging cloth bags use instead of plastic bags Projects and Activities in Reducing Plastic BagProjects and Activities in Reducing Plastic Bag

‐‐ CooperatedCooperated withwith Businesses to reduced plastic bagBusinesses to reduced plastic bag‐‐ Reduced Reduced 1212,,732732,,061 061 bags per daybags per day

Launching the project “No Bag No Baht” in Jatujak MarketLaunching the project “No Bag No Baht” in Jatujak Market Launching the project No Bag, No Baht in Jatujak MarketLaunching the project No Bag, No Baht in Jatujak Market - BMA could decreased plastic bag about BMA could decreased plastic bag about 5959,,437 437 bags per day bags per day ((1010..6161% of plastic bag usage per day) % of plastic bag usage per day) (( f p g g p y)f p g g p y) 2. Promoting bio‐packaging use in order to reduce foam and plastic 3. Encouraging manufacturers and traders to reduce packaging and use decomposed materials

ReuseReuse

Project on transforming recycle materials to new products contestProject on transforming recycle materials to new products contest D l th l d t t b iD l th l d t t b i Develop the recycle products to businessDevelop the recycle products to business Project on receiving donation of used things and turn into useful Project on receiving donation of used things and turn into useful materialmaterial

RecycleRecycle

1. Waste minimization center in communities’ h l‐ 435 BMA’s school

‐ 18 Vocation training schools/centers

2. Pilot community on recycle waste separation ‐ Promoting households in 50 districts to separate recycle waste g p yfor sale or donation and organic waste for soil conditioning or fertilizer

RecycleRecycle

3. To install 49 Waste Recycle Stations at district offices and 9 BMA hospitals

4 Project on Sup Thawee‐Boon Thawee Recycle (Increase4. Project on Sup Thawee‐Boon Thawee Recycle (Increase income and merit from recycle waste) in 13 areas

‐ By placing containers to receive recycle waste at BMA building for y p g y gBMA’s officials

RecycleRecycle5. The project of 14 target groups on waste separation with 5,862

placesplaces - The target groups comprise school, public health premises,

universities, banks, department stores, minimarts, market places, temples, religious places, communities, estate villages, high rise buildings

1. BMA’s school 2. Public health premises3. Universities 4 B k

8. Temples, religious places9. Communities10. Estate villages11 High rise buildings4. Banks

5. Department stores 6. Minimarts 7. Market places

11. High rise buildings12. Hotel13. Private school14. OBEC’s school p

RecycleRecycle

66. Community Based Solid Waste Management :CBM. Community Based Solid Waste Management :CBM

64 pilot communities cooperate in 2010 Target to more than 100 communities in next year Target to more than 100 communities in next year

Good for sale Their own trashReduce the frequency in

garbage collectiong g

Composting Trash – free streets Garbage fees

Recycling Project Recycling Project Cooperation with The Federation of Thai IndustriesCooperation with The Federation of Thai Industries

77. Project on recycle waste management in academic institutions. Project on recycle waste management in academic institutions

Cooperation with The Federation of Thai IndustriesCooperation with The Federation of Thai Industries

77. Project on recycle waste management in academic institutions. Project on recycle waste management in academic institutions

Arranging a system for recycle wasteArranging a system for recycle wasteArranging a system for recycle waste Arranging a system for recycle waste separation and establish Waste Bank separation and establish Waste Bank and environmental development fund .and environmental development fund .I f lliI f lli 209209 240240 k fk f Income from selling Income from selling 209209,,240 240 kg. of kg. of recycle waste was recycle waste was 677677,,280280 Baht Baht (March (March 2008 2008 –– December December 20102010))(( ))


88. . Project for establishing recyclables center for Saleng Project for establishing recyclables center for Saleng


groupsgroups to upgrade the waste picker livelihood.to upgrade the waste picker livelihood.

Activity of tricycle helping environmental conservationActivity of tricycle helping environmental conservation- There are 691 people get involvement

Establish recyclables segregation facility for recyclables buying tricycle group (Saleng) - Center for Homeless, 13 members

- On Nuch 14 rai community, 34 members On Nuch 14 rai community, 34 members


99. Pilot project on recycle waste collection in villages. Pilot project on recycle waste collection in villagesP t l t ti i h h ld


Promote recycle waste separation in households Change behavior of littering and improve it to proper system

Implementation in p

‐ 103 households at Nantawan village. Collected recycle waste 8,680 kg.

(July 2009 – July 2009)

‐ 120 households at Mantana village Collected recycle waste 3,780 kg.

(December 2008 – June 2009)

Organic Waste RecoveryOrganic Waste Recovery1. Converting organic waste to renewable energy for cooking

Anaerobic digestion system for organic waste at schools.2. Fertilizer will be by product.2. Fertilizer will be by product.

The biogas tank contain 40kg/d of organic waste. The system is predicted at 2.5 cubic meter /day/tank of biogas production and substitute 1 kg/day of LPG

Biogas in BMA’s SchoolBiogas in BMA’s SchoolCooperate with Ministry of Energy to promote waste to energy.2006 i t ll d th Bi T k i 39 h l2006 installed another Biogas Tanks in 39 schools2009 installed another Biogas Tanks in 40 schools

Takakura Home MethodTakakura Home Method

Encouraging people to separate organic waste and turn it intoorganic waste and turn it into fertilizer which can be replaced chemical fertilizer or insecticide.

‐‐Low costLow costLow EnergyLow Energy‐‐Low EnergyLow Energy‐‐Easy MethodEasy Method

CompostCompost

Mi F d W t d Y d W tMi F d W t d Y d W tMix Nightsoil Sludge and Mix Nightsoil Sludge and

Mix Food Waste and Yard WasteMix Food Waste and Yard Wasteg gg g

Yard Waste Yard Waste to produce ~ to produce ~ 50 50 tons/daytons/day

Yard waste : Food waste = 10 : 1 Food wastewaste = 10 : 1

303030 30 Day laterDay later Compost

22) Waste Collection and Transportation) Waste Collection and Transportation) p) p

ResponsibilityWaste collection practices are done mainly by 50 district offices Method BMA has applied direct and indirect methods.

Direct Method : ‐ Collected by waste collection trucks or b tboats.‐ Carried out from house to house in various area where accessiblearea where accessible

Indirect Method :‐ BMA provides containers for collecting waste at markets, department stores, and pedestrian walkways etc.

Appointment Time

• Collection is operated around 08.00 p.m. – 03.00 a.m. everyday and completed by 06.00 a.m.

Types of waste collection:yp•Household Waste Everyday or every other day•Food Waste Everyday•Household Hazardous Waste 1 st and 15 th of the month•Household Hazardous Waste 1 st and 15 th of the month

P i t P ti i tiPrivate Participation•Leasing collection trucks are used. To solve problems:To solve problems:

‐ Budget Shortage ‐ Vehicle Unavailability ‐ Vehicle Maintenance

Technology• Adopt Global Positioning System (GPS) to evaluate performance of solid waste pcollection operation.

•• Improve management of truck using to its full Improve management of truck using to its full capacity and gain utmost benefit.capacity and gain utmost benefit.

Department of Environment

capacity and gain utmost benefit. capacity and gain utmost benefit.

District office

Solid Waste Disposal in Bangkok 33) Waste Treatment and ) Waste Treatment and DisposalDisposal

Flow of Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal Flow of Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal

Sanitary Sanitary BiogasHW

Sai‐MaiT f S i LandfillLandfill 50% CH4

HHW

Transfer Station (2,200 tons/day)

i i l lidElectricitySecured landfillHHWHW & HHW Nongkham

Transfer StationMunicipal Solid Waste

Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfill

HHW(3,300 tons/day)

O N h T f

Biogas50% CH4

8,800 tons/day

Composting plant

Composting plant

LandfillLandfill

HW

On‐Nuch Transfer station

(3,300 tons/day)

4

plantplant Compost

A h L dfillA h L dfillIncineratorAt On N ch Ash LandfillAsh Landfill

Infectious Waste

HW = Household Waste HHW = Household Hazardous Waste

At On‐Nuch Disposal center

Composting

Composting Composting 11,,000 000 Tons/dayTons/day

Fertilizer ~ 300 tons/day

Landfill Gas to Energy Project Jaroensompong Corporation Panom Sarakhamp g p

Waste Separation Compaction Wrapping Transportation

LandfillLandfill

1 MW Electricity

Clean Development Mechanism Project Landfill Gas to Energy Project ; Jaroensompong Corporation Panom

Sarakham

Project period 10 years

GHG Reduction 93,320 (ton CO2/yr)

Electricity 1.02 MW (2 Units)

Project Status Under approval by DoEProject Status Under approval by DoE

Landfill Gas to Energy Project ; Jaroensompong Corporation Rachathewa

Project period 20 yearsProject period 20 years


Electricity 1 MW

Project Status CDM Register with EB (under approved of EB)

Landfill Gas Power Generation Project Nakhon Plathom ; Active Synergy

P j t i d 10Project period 10 years


Electricity 1 MW

Project Status CDM Register with EB (under approved of EB)

Infectious WasteInfectious Waste TreatmentTreatment

Infectious waste is generated about Infectious waste is generated about 19 19 –– 20 20 tons/day tons/day

( from ( from 2001 2001 Public Health Service Sites)Public Health Service Sites)

Treated of infectious waste by incineratorTreated of infectious waste by incinerator

Incinerator Incinerator 15 15 tons/day x tons/day x 2 2 unitunit

Incinerator composes ofIncinerator composes of 22 chamberschambers Incinerator composes of Incinerator composes of 2 2 chambers chambers ‐‐ First chamber (First chamber (760 760 ººC) C) ‐‐ Secondary Chamber (Secondary Chamber (1000 1000 ººC)C)

Efficiency Efficiency 750 750 kg./hrkg./hr

Household Hazardous WasteHousehold Hazardous Waste

•• Separate: fluorescent lamps batteries etcSeparate: fluorescent lamps batteries etc ~~ 600600 kgs /daykgs /day

Household Hazardous WasteHousehold Hazardous Waste

•• Separate: fluorescent lamps, batteries, etc. Separate: fluorescent lamps, batteries, etc. ~ ~ 600 600 kgs. /daykgs. /day

•• Special treatment and disposal bySpecial treatment and disposal by Professional Waste Professional Waste h l (h l ( ) d) dTechnology (Technology (19991999) Ltd.) Ltd.

77. Challenges on SWM. Challenges on SWM

Challenge Challenge 11: Increase of waste generation: Increase of waste generation due to due to gg f gf gpopulation growth and lifestylespopulation growth and lifestyles

The amount of solid waste in Thailand and Bangkok

1416

‐ Thailand, 15.03 million tons

(~0.37% of global figure)68

1012

14

(mill

ion

tons

)

‐ Bangkok, 3.1 million tons (~20 6% of Thailand)

02

4

199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

Was

te

(~20.6% of Thailand) 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Year

Thailand Bangkok

ChallengeChallenge 22: Increase of management costs: Increase of management costsChallenge Challenge 22: Increase of management costs: Increase of management costs

• *In Developing countries: 20 50% of recurring budget of municipalities is• *In Developing countries: 20‐50% of recurring budget of municipalities is spent on SWM although only 50% of urban population is covered.

• *In Low‐income countries collection alone drains 80‐90% of total SWM

budget

‐ Thailand : ~ 390 million US$/year

‐ Bangkok : ~ 102 million US$/year (~26% of Thailand)Waste management cost in Thailand and Bangkok

450.00

50 00100.00150.00200.00250.00300.00350.00400.00

Cos

t (m

illio

n U

S$)

0.0050.00

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

Thailand Bangkok

Soure: *Dr.Mushtag Ahmed Memon of UNEP , Note: 1 US$ = 30 Baht

Challenge Challenge 3 3 : GHG Emission: GHG Emission

Intended Areas Environmental improvement benefits Global warming prevention benefits

Air Pollution Decrease in air contaminants(PM10,CO,NO2,O3,SO2)

Reduction in CO2 emission

Water pollution Water quality improvement Reduction in CH4 emission

Solid Waste

Proper waste treatmentReduction in CH4 emission

Solid WasteReduction of waste

ChallengeChallenge 44 : Waste disposal without treatment process: Waste disposal without treatment process

M t f t di d b l dfill ith tM t f t di d b l dfill ith t‐‐ Most of waste disposed by landfill without treatment process.

‐‐ Most of waste disposed by landfill without treatment process.

Proportion of Waste disposal by methodsProportion of Waste disposal by methods

- Landfill 88%- Landfill 88%

- Compost 12%Compost 12%

ChallengeChallenge 55 : Fee Collection : Fee Collection

‐ Fee collection doesn’t cover all households and disposal service BMA still undertake the high cost of wasteservice . BMA still undertake the high cost of waste management. •Waste Management Cost US$ 32 / ton

•Waste Collection Cost US$ 20 / ton (63% of Management Cost)( f g )

•Waste Disposal Cost US$ 12 / ton (37% of Management Cost)

•Waste Collection Fee US$ 3 / ton ( 9% of Management Cost)

Cost which is undertaken by BMA US$ 29/ton (90% of Management Cost)(90% of Management Cost)

88. Future SWM Initiative. Future SWM Initiative1) Develop concept from a waste management to a resource

management philosophy.2) I t t th t f PPP ith 3R f lid t2) Integrate the concept of PPP with 3R for solid waste

management.3) Reduce the impacts on the environment and climate change3) Reduce the impacts on the environment and climate change

under the sustainable waste management.4) Minimizing Transport distances by using Information Technology

to control collection route. 5) Increase separation of waste , the efficiency of recycling and

treatment that would go to more environment friendlytreatment that would go to more environment‐friendly treatment.

6) To make solid waste collection and disposal service more ) pfinancially self‐sufficient.

7) Use Technology for waste to energy, landfill gas recovery and bi di t bi i d i f il f l ti danaerobic digester biogas in reducing fossil fuel consumption and

GHG emission.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

http://office.bangkok.go.th/environment

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