s. mandayam/ dip/ece dept./rowan university introduction to digital image processing shreekanth...
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S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Introduction to Introduction to Digital Image Digital Image ProcessingProcessing
Shreekanth MandayamECE Department
Rowan University
http://engineering.rowan.edu/~shreek/spring03/cc/
February 25, 2003February 25, 2003
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Hurricane Fran, TIME Magazine, Sept. 16, 1996Picture Taken by: GOES-8,NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Module OverviewModule Overview
• Lecture 1• Digital Image Fundamentals• Digital Image Enhancement
• Lecture 2• Digital Image Segmentation• Digital Image Compression
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Lecture 1: PlanLecture 1: Plan
• What is an image?• Mathematical representation of
monochromatic images• What is a digital image?
• Digital image processing• Fundamental steps• Why do we need this?
• Sampling & Quantization
• Image Preprocessing
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Monochromatic Digital ImageMonochromatic Digital Image
.....
.....
....120
....256
..1127128 x
y
GrayLevel
f(x,y)
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Color ImagesColor Images
R B
G
W
M
CY
Mixtures of Light: Additive Primaries
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
R+G+BRG
B
R+G+BRG
B
R+G+BRG
B
R+G+BRG
B
R+G+BRG
B
R+G+BRG
B
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Fundamental Steps*Fundamental Steps*
*Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley, 1992
ImageAcquisition
ImageAcquisition
Preprocessing(Enhancement & Restoration)
Preprocessing(Enhancement & Restoration)
SegmentationSegmentation Representation &Description
Representation &Description
Recognition &Interpretation
Recognition &Interpretation
ProblemDomain
KnowledgeBase
KnowledgeBase
Result
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
DIP: DetailsDIP: Details
Gray-level Histogram
Spatial
DFT DC T
Spectral
Digital Image Characteristics
Point Processing M asking Filtering
Enhancem ent
Degradation M odels Inverse Filtering W iener Filtering
Restoration
Pre-Processing
Inform ation Theory
LZW (gif)
Lossless
Transform -based (jpeg)
Lossy
Com pression
Edge Detection
Segm entation
Shape Descriptors Texture M orphology
Description
Digital Im age Processing
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Sampling & QuantizationSampling & Quantization
• Samplingdemos/demo1sampling_and_quantization/demo_sampling.m
• Quantizationdemos/demo1sampling_and_quantization/demo_quant.m
Digital Image ProcessingCourse Nos. 0909-452-01 (Senior Elective) and 0909-552-01 (Graduate)
Fall 2003
Previous Offering: http://engineering.rowan.edu/~shreek/fall01/dip/
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
DIP: TopicsDIP: Topics
Gray-level Histogram
Spatial
DFT DC T
Spectral
Digital Image Characteristics
Point Processing M asking Filtering
Enhancem ent
Degradation M odels Inverse Filtering W iener Filtering
Restoration
Pre-Processing
Inform ation Theory
LZW (gif)
Lossless
Transform -based (jpeg)
Lossy
Com pression
Edge Detection
Segm entation
Shape Descriptors Texture M orphology
Description
Digital Im age Processing
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Image PreprocessingImage Preprocessing
Enhancement Restoration
SpatialDomain
SpectralDomain
Point Processing• >>imadjust• >>histeq
Spatial filtering• >>filter2
Filtering• >>fft2/ifft2• >>fftshift
• Inverse filtering• Wiener filtering
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Point ProcessingPoint Processing(Intensity Transformation)(Intensity Transformation)
s(x,y) = T{ r(x,y)}
TransformedGray Level
OriginalGray Level
TransformationFunction
>>imadjdemo>>imadjust
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Point ProcessingPoint Processing
• Pixel Operations
• Point processing
• Histogram equalization
• Connectivity
individual pixels
all pixels
neighboring pixels
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Point ProcessingPoint Processing
0 L-1
L-1
0
0 L-1
L-1
0r
s
r
s
r1 r2
s1
s2
>>imadjdemo>>imadjust
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Image HistogramImage Histogram
LevelsGray of No.:L
imagein pixels of no. Total :n
k LevelGray with pixels of No. :nn
n)(rp
k
kkr
>>imadjdemo>>imhist
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
Histogram EqualizationHistogram Equalization(Balancing)(Balancing)
LevelsGray of No.:L
imagein pixels of no. Total :n
k LevelGray with pixels of No. :nn
n)(rp
1,....,2 ,1 ,0 );()(
k
kkr
0
k
jjrkk LkrprTs
>>imadjdemo>>histeq
S. Mandayam/ DIP/ECE Dept./Rowan University
SummarySummaryDigital Image ProcessingCourse Nos. 0909-452-01 (Senior Elective) and 0909-552-01 (Graduate) Fall 2003
Previous Offering: http://engineering.rowan.edu/~shreek/fall01/dip/
Next Tuesday: Lecture 2
•Digital Image Segmentation
•Digital Image Compression