RutgersUniversity Dr.MayteGreen-MercadoFederatedDepartmentofHistory mayte.green@rutgers.edu CourseNumber(510:227:01/525:252:02) Office:ConklinHall315TopicsinHistory OfficeHours:M12:00- SpringSemester2019 2:00orbyappointment.MW10:00-11:50BradleyHall313

MediterraneanIdentities:Race,Ethnicity,andReligioninthePre-Modern

Mediterranean

MiniaturefromTheCantigasdeSantaMariaofAlfonsoXtheWise,manuscript,Spain13th

Century.

COURSEDESCRIPTION:

Thepre-modernMediterraneanwas a space of imperial competition, cultural encounter,and material exchange. This course will examine processes of construction andreproduction of racial, ethnic, and religious identities in the pre-ModernMediterranean.Wewillstudythewaysinwhichthoseformsofidentitystructuredpolitical,economic,andsocial life. On the one hand, we will study discourses of racialization and religiousdifference thatwere constructed and deployed in the process of imperial formation andpolitical consolidation. On the other,wewill focus on the experiences of ethno-religiousminoritiesinChristianandMuslim-controlledlandstounderstandissuesoftoleranceandintolerance, conversion (forced and voluntary), assimilation, integration, and exclusion,religiouspersecution and expulsion, slavery and captivity, andothers.Wewill study, forexample,thewaysinwhichidentitymarkerssuchasreligiouspracticesandlanguagewereoftenconcealedorexchangedinordertoconformtoethnicandreligiouscategoriesinanageofconfessionalization.

Theformatofthiscoursewillbediscussionbased,andthereforeitisessentialthatyoucompletetherequiredreadingbythedateindicatedonthesyllabus.

COURSEOBJECTIVES:

1) Upon successful completion of this course, students will have gained a generalknowledgeofthegeographiesandhistoriesoftheMediterraneanregionintheearlymodernperiod.

2) Students will have a critical understanding of categories such as race, ethnicity,identity, etc. and shouldbe able to question and explore theways inwhich thesecategorieswereconstructedinthepre-modernworld.

3) Studentswilldevelopskillsinoralandwrittencommunication,includingsustainedargument,andindependentthought.

4) Students will have ample practice in reading primary sources, and to employprimaryevidenceintextualandhistoricalanalysisandargumentation.

REQUIREDREADINGS:

Allreadingsareavailableonblackboardandmustbebroughttoeveryclass.

GRADING:

2Papers 20%Quizzes 15%Midterm 20%Participation 15%FinalExam 30%WRITINGASSIGNEMNTS:

Therewillbetwowritingassignments(of3-4pages)throughoutthesemester.Pleasereferto the syllabus for the dates and assignment prompts. Youmust submit your writingassignmentsthroughTurnItIn.Papersthatarenotsubmittedthroughturnitinwillnotbeaccepted,andyouwillnotreceiveagradeforit.Youwillalsosubmitahardcopyofyourpaper to the instructor on the assigned date. LATE PAPERS AND/OR EMAILED PAPERSWILL NOT BE ACCEPTED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES. Please refer to the academicintegritysectionon thissyllabus.Plagiarismwillnotbe tolerated,and itwill result inanimmediate0ontheassignment,anditwillbereportedtotheofficeofacademicintegrity.YourwritingassignmentmustincludetheRutgersPledge:

Onmyhonor,Ihaveneitherreceivednorgivenanyunauthorizedassistanceonthisexamination(assignment).POPQUIZZES:

Duringthefirst—ORTHELAST—10minuteoffourclasses,therewillbeaquiz,basedonthereadingmaterialrequiredforthatdayofclass.Thesequizzesaredesignedbothto

ensurethatyougenerallykeepupwiththereadings,andtoencourageyoutopayattentionandtakenotesduringclass.Pleasenotethatclasswillbeginpromptlyat10:00ameachweekandwewillgenerallymeetuntil11:20pm.Ifyouarrivelateorleaveearlywithoutbeingintouchfirstforanexcusedabsence,youmaynottakethequizandyouwillreceivea0/Fforthatquiz.EXAMS:Therewillbetwoexams,amidtermandafinal,whichmayincludeidentifyingterms,dates,names,essayquestions,and/oranalysisofprimarysources.ThemidtermexamwillbeonMarch6st,duringourclasstime,andthefinalwillbegivenonMay13th,8:30-11:30,asdeterminedbytheOfficeoftheRegistrar.COURSEPOLICIES:•Attendanceatallregularlyscheduledmeetingsofthisclass isexpected.Rutgerscatalogstates that “the recognized grounds for absence are illness requiring medical attention,curricular or extracurricular activities approved by the faculty, personal obligationsclaimedbythestudentandrecognizedasvalid,recognizedreligiousholidays,andsevereinclementweathercausingdangerous travelingconditions.”FourUNEXCUSEDabsenceswill loweryour finalgradebyone lettergrade. It isyourresponsibility tocome toclassandseethatyouaremarkedpresentfortheclassesyouattend.Intheeventthatyou have a medical, legal, or family-related problem that might lead to an extendedabsence,youneedtomeetme inpersonandbringnecessarydocumentationasevidenceforyourproblem.Onlythen,wecandiscusswhetheryourabsencecanbeexcusedornot.AnemailmessageexplainingyourproblemwillNOTbeconsideredasanexcuseofyour absence. Ultimately, it will be the instructor’s judgment to decide whether anabsence can be excused or not. If you miss a class due to a reason that you cannotdocument,pleasedonotcontactmetoexplainyourcase.Instead,consideritasoneofyourunexcused absences. Please remember that any student who misses eight or moresessions through any combination of EXCUSED and UNEXCUSED absences will notearncreditinthisclass.SuchstudentsshouldwithdrawtoavoidgettinganF.•Youareexpectedtocometoclasshavingdonetheassignedreadingsandparticipateinclassdiscussions.Wewill beusing the readingpacket frequently in class; therefore, youMUSTbring it to eachmeeting.Any studentwhodoesnothave the coursematerialsmaybeaskedtoleavetheclassroomandmarkedabsentfortheclass.• The use of laptops or other electronic devices in this class requires the consent of theinstructor.Ifyouhaveaconditionthatnecessitatestheuseofalaptopduringclassforthepurposeoftakingnotesoraccessingreadings,pleasebringittomyattentionalongwithaletterfromTheOfficeofDisabilityServices.Thosestudentswillbeaskedtositinthefrontrowofchairs in theclassroom.Otherwise, theuseofportableelectronicdevices, suchascell phones during class in a manner not compliant with classroom conduct (phoneconversation,texting,andothers)willnotbetolerated.Studentsmaybewarnedforsuchbehaviorinitially.Ifrepeated,theymaybeaskedtoleavetheclassroomandmarkedabsentfortheday.

•Punctualityandcourtesyatalltimesareexpected.•Ifyouhavequestionsorconcernsaboutthisclass,comeandtalktomeinmyofficehours.Pleasedonot send email inquiries related to your absence or classmaterials. It is yourresponsibilitytofindoutaboutthesubjectscoveredinyourabsenceandstudythem.• If for any family or medical reason you find it absolutely necessary to miss anexamination,youmustcontactmebeforetheexamandhavemyconsenttoyourabsence.Failuretodosowillresultinazerofortheassignment.Withtheexceptionofextremecasestherewillbenoearlyormake-upexams!Aswithallotherexams,youmustcontactmeinadvanceshouldanextremeemergencyarise.RutgersUniversity-NewarkAcademicPoliciesAcademic integrity:As an academic community dedicated to the creation,dissemination,andapplicationofknowledge,RutgersUniversityiscommittedtofosteringan intellectual and ethical environment based on the principles of academic integrity.AcademicintegrityisessentialtothesuccessoftheUniversity’seducationalandresearchmissions,andviolationsofacademicintegrityconstituteseriousoffensesagainsttheentireacademiccommunity.·Academic integrity policy:http://academicintegrity.rutgers.edu/academic-integrity-policy/·Disability Services:Rutgers Universitywelcomes studentswith disabilities into all ofthe University’s educational programs. In order to receive consideration for reasonableaccommodations, you must complete an intake meeting, and submit appropriatedocumentation. If your request for reasonable accommodations is approved, you willreceive a Letter of Accommodations (LOA), which you should present privately to theinstructorasearlyinthesemesteraspossible.Accommodationsarenotretroactiveandareeffectiveonlyupon submissionof theLOA to the instructor. Pleasebegin theprocessbycompletingandsubmittingtheRegistrationForm,ApplyingforServices,whichisavailableatthewebsitebelow.·ApplyingforServices:http://ods.rutgers.edu/students/applying-for-services·DocumentationGuidelines:http://ods.rutgers.edu/students/documentation-guidelines·Letter of Accommodations (LOA):http://ods.rutgers.edu/my-accommodations/letter-of-accommodations·OfficeofDisabilityServices(ODS) (973)353-5375Suite219,PaulRobesonCampusCenter odsnewark@rutgers.eduReligious Holiday Policy:Students are advised to provide timely notification toinstructors about necessary absences for religious observances and are responsible formakinguptheworkofexamsaccordingtoanagreed-uponschedule.LearningResources ·WritingCenter·RutgersLearningCenter(tutoringservices) (tutoringandwritingworkshops)Room140,BradleyHall Room126,ConklinHall

(973)353-5608 (973)353-5847http://www.ncas.rutgers.edu/rlc nwc@newark.rutgers.edu

https://www.ncas.rutgers.edu/writingcenter

COURSESCHEDULEWeek1 IntroductionW.1/23 IntroductionandOrganizationWeek2 Review:EarlyModernEuropeM.1/28 AndreasGestrich,“TheSocialOrder,”inTheOxfordHandbookofEarly

ModernEuropeanHistory,1350-1750,vol.1,ed.HamishScott(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2015).

W.1/30 MerryE.Weisner-Hanks,“PoliticsandPower,1450-1600,”inEarlyModernEurope,1450-1789,seconded.(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2013),89-123.

Week3 ModernCategoriesM.2/4 CornellandHartmann,EthnicityandRace,(ThousandOaks:Pine

GorgePress,2007):12-40.W.2/6 Ta-NehisiCoates,“WhatWeMeanWhenWeSay‘RaceIsaSocial

Construct’,”TheAtlantic,May15.2013https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/05/what-we-mean-when-we-say-race-is-a-social-construct/275872/BarbaraJ.Fields,“Slavery,Race,andIdeologyintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,”NewLeftReviewI/181,May-June1990,95-118.

Week4 CanWeTalkAboutRaceinPre-ModernTimes?M.3/11 Antiquity

BenjaminIsaac,“Racism:arationalizationofprejudiceinGreeceandRome,”inTheOriginsofRacismintheWest,ed.MiriamEliav-Feldon,BenjaminIsaac,JosephZiegler(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2009):32-56.TimWhitmarsh,“BlackAchilles,”Aeon,9May2018https://aeon.co/essays/when-homer-envisioned-achilles-did-he-see-a-black-man

W.3/13 MiddleAges PAPER1DUE

RobertBartlett,“MedievalandModernConceptsofRaceandEthnicity,”JournalofMedievalandEarlyModernStudies31/1(Winter,2001):39-56.

Week5 DiscoursesofRaceandBloodinEarlyModernIberiaM.3/18 RaceandBlood

DavidNirenberg,“Wasthereracebeforemodernity?Theexampleof‘Jewish’bloodinlatemedievalSpain,”inTheOriginsofRacismintheWest,ed.MiriamEliav-Feldon,BenjaminIsaac,JosephZiegler232-264.

W.2/20 PurityofBlood

MaxS.HeringTorres,“PurityofBlood.ProblemsofInterpretation,”inRaceandBloodintheIberianWorld,ed.MaríaElenaMartínez,Max.S.HeringTorres,DavidNirenberg(Berlin:LitVerlag,2012):11-38.

KennethB.Wolf,“Sentencia-EstatutodeToledo,1449,”MedievalTextsinTranslation,2008.Web.22May2009.canilup.googlepages.com

Week6 MarkersofDifference:LanguageandDressM.2/25 Dursteler,R.Eric,“LanguageandIdentityintheEarlyModern

Mediterranean,”inMediterraneanIdentitiesinthePremodernEra:Entrepôts,Islands,Empires,ed.JohnWatkins,KathrynL.Reyerson,(Surrey:Ashgate,2014):35-52.

W.2/27 NunezMuley,AMemorandumforthePresidentoftheRoyalAudiencia

andChanceryoftheCityandKingdomofGranada,ed.VincentBarletta(Chicago:TheUniversityofChicagoPress,2007),55-64;68-73;90-99.

Week7 ExplainingHumanDiversity:Climate,Culture,orKinship?M.3/4 SurekhaDavies,RenaissanceEthnologyandtheInventionofthe

Human.NewWorlds,Maps,andMonsters(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2016),23-46.

W.3/6 MIDTERM***ThursdayMarch7,RoundTableonRaceandtheMiddleAgesinNewBrunswick.ExtraCreditforthosewhoattend***DetailswillbepostedonBlackboardWeek8 StereotypingtheOther:MuslimsandOrientalismM.3/11 Prof.EvelynAlsultany,“Whenwillwestopstereotyping,”A-Zofisms

https://www.bbc.com/ideas/videos/when-will-we-stop- stereotyping-people/p06p97cr

NabilMatar,“SodomyandConquest,”inTurks,Moors,andEnglishmenintheAgeofDiscovery(NewYork:ColumbiaUniversityPress,1999):109-127.

W.3/13 AnEarlyModernDialoguewithIslam,119-127;181-183;184-187;232-243;244-246.

Week9 SPRINGBREAKM.3/18 NOCLASSW.3/20 NOCLASSWeek10 Anti-JudaismintheEarlyModernPeriodM.03/25 JohnathanRay,“NewApproachestotheJewishDiaspora:The

SephardimasaSub-EthnicGroup,”JewishSocialStudies15/1(2008):10-31.

MariannaD.Birnbaum,“ChristopherMarloweandTheJewsofMalta,”inExpulsionandDiasporaFormation:ReligiousandEthnicIdentitiesinFluxfromAntiquitytotheSeventeenthCentury,ed.JohnTolan(Turnjout,Belgium:BrepolsPublishers,2015),217-223.

W.3/27 ChristopherMarlow,TheJewofMalta,(RevelsStudentEditionsMUP)

Audioversion:https://archive.org/details/jew_ofmalta_1010_librivox/jewofmalta_2_marlowe.mp3

Week11 RomaorGypsiesM.4/1 MiriamEliav-Feldon,“Vagrantsorvermin?AttitudestowardsGypsies

inearlymodernEurope,”inTheOriginsofRacismintheWest,ed.MiriamEliav-Feldon,BenjaminIsaac,andJosephZiegler(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2009):276-291.

W.4/3 PAPER2DUE

MigueldeCervantesSaavedra,“TheNoveloftheLittleGypsyGirl,”inExemplaryNovels,trans.EdithGrossman(NewHaven:TaleUniversityPress,2016):11-68.

Week12 EuropeintheWorld:NewWorldDiscoveriesM.4/8 LauraLewis,“Between‘Casta’and‘Raza’TheExampleofColonial

Mexico,”inRaceandBloodintheIberianWorld,ed.MaxS.HeringTorresetal.(Zurich:LitVerlagGmbH&Co.,2012):99-123.

AndrewB.FischerandMatthewD.O’Hara,“Introduction:RacialIdentitiesandTheirInterpretersinColonialLatinAmerica,”inImperialSubjects.RaceandIdentityinColonialLatinAmerica,eds.AndrewB.FischerandMatthewD.O’Hara(DurhamandLondon:DukeUniversityPress,2009):1-23.

W.4/10 FelipeGuamánPomadeAyala,TheFirstNewChronicleandGoodGovernment,Abridged,trans.DavidFrye(Indianapolis:HackettPublishingCompany,Inc.,2006),263-277;231-239.

Week13 BeyondtheMediterranean:EuropeanViewsof“TheOrient”M.4/15 TheBoxerCodex:TranscriptionandTranslationofanIllustratedLate

Sixteenth-CenturySpanishManuscriptConcerningtheGeography,Ethnography,GeorgeBryanSouzaandJeffreyS.Turley;transcribedandtranslatedbyJeffreyS.Turley(Leiden:Brill,2016).(Selections)

W.4/17 NOCLASSWeek14 Sub-SaharanAfricaandtheIslamicWorldM.4/22 ChoukriELHamel,BlackMorocco.AHistoryofSlavery,Race,and

Islam(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2013):60-105.W.4/24 (LeoAfricanus),TheHistoryandDescriptionofAfricaandofthe

NotableThingsThereinContained,inTravelKnowledge,ed.IvoKampsandJyotsnaG.Singh(NewYork:Palgrave,2001),247-257.

Week15 Sub-SaharanAfricaandEuropeM.4/29 KateLowe,“TheStereotypingofBlackAfricansinRenaissance

Europe,”inBlackAfricansinRenaissanceEurope,ed.T.F.EarleandK.J.P.Lowe(Cambridge,UK;NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2005):17-47.

BBCPodcastInOurTime(SlaveryandEmpire)

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00548jd

W.5/1 PedroPáez’sHistoryofEthiopia,1622,2vols.Ed.IsabelBoavida,HervePennec,ManuelJoaoRamos(Farnham:AshgatePublishingLtd,2012)(selections)

JohnBarbot,“PrepossessedoftheOpinion…ThatEuropeansareFondoftheirFlesh(1682),”inExcerptsfromSlaveNarratives,ed.StevenMintz.Availableonline:http://www.vgskole.net/prosjekt/slavrute/1.htm

Week16 REVIEWM.5/6 RECAPANDREVIEWW.5/8 READINGDAY-NOCLASSM.5/13 FINALEXAM8:30-11:30