Russian Revolution1917-1939

Russian Revolution1917-1939

World History II

J. Lilly

World History II

J. Lilly

On the road to revolutionOn the road to revolutionBy 1914 (beginning of WWI):PovertyIndustrially backwardsCzar Nicholas (monarchy) had

most power Elected Duma had no power

Use of secret police to impose czar’s will

Corrupt bureaucracy and busy court system

By 1914 (beginning of WWI):PovertyIndustrially backwardsCzar Nicholas (monarchy) had

most power Elected Duma had no power

Use of secret police to impose czar’s will

Corrupt bureaucracy and busy court system

The RomanovsThe Romanovs

World War I (Russia)World War I (Russia)Czar Nicholas took charge of the

military plans for World War I despite the fact he was not at all prepared to lead the military.

Russian industry was unable to produce the weapons of war.

By 1917-Russia had no longer the will or ability to continue fighting

Czar Nicholas took charge of the military plans for World War I despite the fact he was not at all prepared to lead the military.

Russian industry was unable to produce the weapons of war.

By 1917-Russia had no longer the will or ability to continue fighting

Rasputin - The Mad MonkRasputin - The Mad MonkAdvisor to the monarchyUsed “special powers” to heal the

son of Alexandra & Nicholas who had hemophilia

Very powerful influence over Alexandra while Nicholas was awayWeakened confidence in monarchy

1916 - Killed by Russian nobles loyal to Nicholas and Alexandra

Advisor to the monarchyUsed “special powers” to heal the

son of Alexandra & Nicholas who had hemophilia

Very powerful influence over Alexandra while Nicholas was awayWeakened confidence in monarchy

1916 - Killed by Russian nobles loyal to Nicholas and Alexandra

March Revolution & Collapse of the MonarchyMarch Revolution & Collapse of the MonarchyFood & fuel shortages:

1917 workers strikes in St. PetersburgShut down all factories

Soldiers join the strike. Nicholas steps down and ends 300 year Romanov Dynasty

Russia stays in warLenin and the Bolsheviks (“majority”) gain

power

Food & fuel shortages:1917 workers strikes in St. PetersburgShut down all factories

Soldiers join the strike. Nicholas steps down and ends 300 year Romanov Dynasty

Russia stays in warLenin and the Bolsheviks (“majority”) gain

power

V.I. Lenin and Bolshevik PromisesV.I. Lenin and Bolshevik PromisesEnd to war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)Redistribution of land to peasantsWorker control of productionAll power to Soviets (workers/soldiers)After the civil war, Bolsheviks are

renamed the Communists

End to war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)Redistribution of land to peasantsWorker control of productionAll power to Soviets (workers/soldiers)After the civil war, Bolsheviks are

renamed the Communists

Lenin’s SocialismLenin’s SocialismSocialism (Karl Marx) -

workers would eventually rise up and overthrow capitalism creating a classless society

Lenin called on the Russian elite (Bolsheviks) to lead the revolution to overthrow capitalism

Socialism (Karl Marx) - workers would eventually rise up and overthrow capitalism creating a classless society

Lenin called on the Russian elite (Bolsheviks) to lead the revolution to overthrow capitalism

Communism? Stop saying it and tell me what it is!Communism? Stop saying it and tell me what it is!Capitalism - trade and industry are controlled

by private members for profit; (clear wealthy, middle, poor)

Socialism - Trade and industry should be

owned and regulated by the public as a whole (classes are less clear). Today’s Socialist govts (Sweden) regulate many

BIG areas (mining, electric, health care, gas, water).Communism - taken from Karl Marx -trade

and industry is controlled by the government (one ruler) completely (classes are unclear)

Capitalism - trade and industry are controlled by private members for profit; (clear wealthy, middle, poor)

Socialism - Trade and industry should be

owned and regulated by the public as a whole (classes are less clear). Today’s Socialist govts (Sweden) regulate many

BIG areas (mining, electric, health care, gas, water).Communism - taken from Karl Marx -trade

and industry is controlled by the government (one ruler) completely (classes are unclear)

X

Civil War 1917-1921 (Russia)Civil War 1917-1921 (Russia)Red Army

Communists/ Bolsheviks Led by Leon Trosky

“War Communism” -a collection of emergency measures

The Cheka - secret police

Rigid discipline (follow orders or die)

Red Army Communists/ Bolsheviks Led by Leon Trosky

“War Communism” -a collection of emergency measures

The Cheka - secret police

Rigid discipline (follow orders or die)

White ArmyCounterrevolutionarySupported Czar

(monarchy)Assassination attempt

of Lenin

White ArmyCounterrevolutionarySupported Czar

(monarchy)Assassination attempt

of Lenin

“Peace and liberty in Soviet Russia”

Here we see Lenin (far left) with his friend Trotzky carrying wreaths to place on the graves of those whom the latter called "glorious martyrs of freedom."

Here we see Lenin (far left) with his friend Trotzky carrying wreaths to place on the graves of those whom the latter called "glorious martyrs of freedom."

Lenin and the NEPLenin and the NEPNew Economic Plan - Put forth to deal

with the collapse of “war communism”Some Capitalistic ideas; allowed economy

to recoverUSSR - United Soviet Socialist

Republics (1922 Unification of the old Russian empire)

1924 - Lenin dies and Stalin takes over (WWII Dictator)

New Economic Plan - Put forth to deal with the collapse of “war communism”Some Capitalistic ideas; allowed economy

to recoverUSSR - United Soviet Socialist

Republics (1922 Unification of the old Russian empire)

1924 - Lenin dies and Stalin takes over (WWII Dictator)

Hammer&Sickle