russell ppt
DESCRIPTION
CCSI 2014TRANSCRIPT
Climate Change and its impact on livelihood of coastal people in Bangladesh
Russell KabirDoctoral Student Department of Economics and International DevelopmentMiddlesex University London
Global Perspective of Climate Change
• Climate Change is global phenomenon;• Average global rise in temperature of 1.4 degree
C to 5.8 degree C between 1990 and 2100;• Changes in sea levels; projected to rise between
.09 and .88 meters by 2100 relative to 1990• Climate change is very likely to increase the
frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events such as cyclones drought and floods.
• Its negative impacts are more severely felt by poor people and poor countries;
Background
• The new Climate Change vulnerability index (CCVI) ranked Bangladesh as the no 1 extreme risk country to Climate Change.
• Bangladesh is at risk because of its- Geographic location- Flat and low lying topography- High population density- Reliance on many livelihoods on climate
sensitive sectors particularly agriculture and fisheries.
The coastal region of Bangladesh is situated in the South of the country.
The total length of Bangladesh coast line is 710 Km long.
Coastal area covers 32% of country’s total areas.
40 million people/ 28% of country’s population live in the coastal areas.
The Coast of Bangladesh
Climate Change Impacts
• Cyclone/storm surge: increased frequency, intensity, increasing salinity
• Floods: increased frequency, magnitudes• Droughts: Spreading over time and space• Erratic rainfall: Intensive rain in short time• Temperature: extremes increasing• Riverbank and coastal erosion: increasing• Sea Level Rise (SLR)
Water logging
Drought
Flood
Cyclone Storm surge, salinity
Bank erosion
Climate change impact in BangladeshClimate change impact in Bangladesh
Bank Erosion
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BHOLA
RANGAMATI
SYLHET
BAGERHAT
KHULNA
CHITTAGONG
NOA KHALI
BOGRA
TANGAIL
SATKHIRA
PABNA
BANDARBAN
DINAJPUR
COMILLA
NAOGAON
SUNAMGANJ
MYMENSINGH
BARISA L
JESSORE
COX S BAZAR
PATUAKHALI
NETROKONA
RAJSHA HI
HOB IGANJ
RANGPUR
NATORESIRAJGANJ
DHAKA
KURIGRAM
JAMALPUR
GAZIPUR
GAIBANDHA
FENI
KUSHTIA
KISHOREGANJMOULVI BAZAR
FARIDP UR
KHAGRACHHA RI
BARGUNA
JHENAIDAH
PIROJPUR
CHANDPUR
NAW ABGANJ
NILPHAMARITHAKURGA ON
RAJBARI
SHERPUR
GOPALGANJNARAIL
BRAHMANBARIA
MANIKGANJ
LAK SHMIPUR
PANCHAGARH
MAGURA
NARSINGDI
MADARIPUR
SHARIATPUR
LALMONIRHA T
CHUADANGA
JOYPURHAT
JHALAKATI
MEHERPUR
MUNSHIGANJ
NARAYANGANJ
BANGLADESHCyclone Prone Areas
Bay of Bengal
INDIA
MYANMAR
INDIA
INDIA
Cyclone Zone
Zone 1Zone 2Zone 3
N
EW
S
Cyclones in Bangladesh
Frequency of cyclones has increased significantly due to Climate change
Major cyclones in 1970, 1985, 1991 and 1997 resulted in over 500,000 deaths. Cyclone Sidr 2007 responsible for > 3,178 deaths. Cyclone Aila 2009 responsible for > 190 deathsUp to 36 million people are physically exposed periodically and 15 coastal districts are cyclone prone
Aim of the Research
To investigate the characteristics of the respondents in the climate change affected coastal areas of Bangladesh.
Why characteristics?
• Policymakers don’t care about ppm or (RCPs).And they don’t care about +2 either. If they care, the care about impacts.
Methodology
• Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
• Study Place: South West coastal part of Bangladesh .
• Target Population: Coastal population.• Sample Size:1000 households using Simple
Random Sampling Technique.• Quantitative data collected using
Questionnaire Survey.
Methodology (Continue…)
Methodology (Continue..)
Methodology(Continue..)
Summary of Findings
• Main occupation of the respondents –agriculture(30%) and fishing (17%).
• 83% women of these households look after their families and children.
• Average monthly income of these households are between in US dollar 25-65.
• In both the areas the main source of drinking water is deep tubewell.
• Most of the households use pit or slab latrine and some of them use open latrine.
Drinking Water
Distance travelled to fetch drinking water Sidr Aila
Does not apply 8.7% 4.9%
More than 100m 52.0% 52.0%
Less than 100m 39.3% 40.5%
Person responsible for fetching drinking water
Sidr Aila
Husband 2.4% 1.1%
Wife 80% 65.5%
Sons 4.4% 2.6%
Daughters 3.4% 5.8%
Others 5.8% 19.8%
No one 4.6% 5.3%
Shelter
Knowledge about Climate Change
Variables Frequency Percentage (%)
Heard about climate changeSidr Yes NoAila Yes No
43767
42148
86.713.3
89.810.2
Where heard about climate change Television Radio Newspaper Friends or relatives From Government Agencies From Non-government Agencies
33620556
695138401
34.521.1
5.871.414.241.2
Pattern of weather is generally changing Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree
463477154
14
47.649.0
1.50.41.4
Last 10 years seen changes in weather pattern Yes No
95518
98.1
1.8
Changes Observed
Experiences of the Coastal Population
Variables Frequency Percentage (%)
Climate change is affecting health To a great extent Somewhat Very little Not at all
5913322030
60.734.1
2.13.1
Climate change is causing-Sidr Changes of livelihood Reduction of income Loss of employment Reduction of job opportunities Reduction of crop yield Increased food price Increase of family’s other expenses Hardship increased in daily life No impactAila Changes of livelihood Reduction of income Loss of employment Reduction of job opportunities Reduction of crop yield Increased food price Increase of family’s other expenses Hardship increased in daily life No impact
473412233188475462424444
1
439436242212430415430441
5
93.881.746.237.394.291.784.188.1
0.2
93.693.051.645.291.788.591.794.0
1.1
Conclusion
• The coastal population of Bangladesh already facing devastating effect of climate change.
• The coastal people is aware of the changing climate and its effect on their lives.
• Climate change induced natural disasters affecting their livelihoods, destroying the agricultural land and forcing them to change their jobs and indirectly affecting their food consumption and overall health.
• Immediate adaptation and mitigation measures should be adopted to help these people and including strengthening the infrastructure at coastal areas to combat with these kind of natural calamities.
References
• Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).(2005). Compendium of Environment Statistics of Bangladesh.Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• Disaster Management Bureau.(2010). National Plan for Disaster Management 2010-2015. Government of the People`s Republic of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• Kumar, R. (2011). Research Methodology: A step-by-step guide for the beginners. 3rd ed. London: Sage Publications. P31.
• Mizan, M.R., and Bijoy, M.R.,(2009) . Future Direction For Bangladesh in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• Maplecroft News (2011). Big economies of the future - Bangladesh, India, Philippines, Vietnam and Pakistan - most at risk from climate change. [Online] Available from: http://maplecroft.com/about/news/ccvi.html [Accessed on 12/06/2013]
• World Health Organization (WHO). Climate change impacts on health. Available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2003/pr91/en/ [ Accessed on 11/06/2013]
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