logic final bertrand russell, friedrich nietzsche and baruch spinzoa, 3 philosophers final project...

7/23/2019 Logic Final Bertrand russell, Friedrich Nietzsche and Baruch Spinzoa, 3 philosophers final project Ppt

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Life of Philosophers

BERTRAND RUSSEL

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

BARUCH SPINZOA

SZABIST LARKANA CAMPUS


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Presented by:

Sateesh Kumar

Aneel Kumar

Kiran Fatima

Sujeet harma

!"utam utraiAsma Shai#h

S""nh$tul$ain

Su%erna ma#hija

AssignedBy:

Sir Shahi Shah &eelani

SZABIST LARKANA CAMPUS


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Bertrand Russell


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Outline

Intr"u'ti"n

Ie"l"()

*aj"r +"r#

A'hie,ementsEnin( n"tes


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Introduction

Bertrand Arthur William Russell was a Britishphilosopher, logician, essayist and social criticbest known for his work in mathematical logic andanalytic philosophy.

Bertrand Russell was born on ay !", !"#$ atRa%enscroft,

&rellech, onmouth shire, Wales to 'iscountAmberley and (atharine )ouisa. *e belonged to a liberal Britisharistocracy family. *e was died on +$ ebruary !-#+.

*e recei%ed no formal education at school andstudied at home only, by dierent tutors.

Russell also spent his teenage in denoting adeeper %iew on


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CONT.

*e belonged to a liberal British aristocracy family. *is family took part in each of the great political e%ents, right from the 0issolution of the onasteries in !12345+ to the 6lorious Re%olution in !3""7"- to the 6reat Reform Act in !"2$.

*e had two older siblings8 rank and Rachel.

In 9une !"#5, Russells mother passed away suering fromdiphtheria which

was soon followed by the death of his sibling, Rachel. &wo years later in !"#3, his father died of bronchitis.

After early death of their parents, rank and Bertrand grew upunder the

%igilance of 'ictorian grandparents, who resided at Pembroke )odge in Richmond Park.

After the death of his grandfather, his grandmother became adominatin ; ure in his life.


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deologies/Views

Philosophy.

Russell is generally credited with being one of the founders ofanalytic Philosophy.

*e was particularly proli;c in the ;eld of metaphysics, thelogic and philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy oflanguage ,ethics and epistemology.

Religion

Russell described himself as an agnostic,


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CONT

I think the reason for that was that he had %ery high standards for

knowledge.

&he atheist would be someone who claims to know there is no 6od. &hatfor Russell would re?uire a proof.

*e always said he denied that he could pro%e that 6od didnt e@ist, buthe thought that there was no e%idence whatsoe%er to support the %iewthat 6od did e@ist.


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!o"iety

Russell remained politically acti%e almost to the end of hislife, writing to and e@horting world leaders and lending hisname to %arious causes.

Russell argued for a


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#a$or %or&s

Russell began his published work in !"-3 with 6ermanocial 0emocracy, a study in politics that was an earlyindication of a lifelong interest in political and social theory.

Russell>s ;rst mathematical book, An Cssay =n theoundations =f 6eometry, was published in !"-#.

Russell>s last signi;cant work in mathematics andlogic, Introduction &o athematical Philosophy.

A *istory of Western Philosophy D!-51E became a best4seller, and pro%ided Russell with a steady income for the

remainder of his life. .

Along with his friend Albert Cinstein, Russell had reachedsuperstar status as an intellectual. In !-5-, Russell wasawarded the =rder of erit, and the following year he

recei%ed the Fobel PriGe in )iterature


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Russell spent the !-1+s and !-3+s engaged in%arious political causes, primarily related tonuclear disarmament and opposing the'ietnam War.

Bertrand Russell published his three4%olumeautobiography in the late !-3+s. Russell wrotesome books about practical ethical issues such

as marriage.

CONT..


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'"hie(e)ents

The N"-el Pri.e in Literature /012

S)l,ester *eal "3 the R")al S"'iet) "3 L"n"n /045

Kalin(a Pri.e/016

&erusalem Pri.e/074

The De *"r(an *eal /048

Butler *eal /0/1


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*nding Notes

C"nsiere a %i"neer in the 3iel "3 %hil"s"%h)9 Bertran Russell +as

a+are the N"-el Pri.e in Literature in /012 3"r his numer"us +ritin(s:

He is %erha%s -etter #n"+n9 th"u(h9 3"r his %"liti'al a'ti,ism: A

%r"minent anti$+ar a'ti,ist9 he has -een im%ris"ne t+i'e -) the British

(",ernment:

Des%ite -ein( a ren"+ne %hil"s"%her9 Bertran Russell is %erha%s

-est #n"+n 3"r his %"liti'al a'ti,ism an alter'ati"ns +ith the British

(",ernment:


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+riedri"h Niet,s"he


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Outline

Intr"u'ti"n

Ie"l"()

*aj"r +"r#

A'hie,ements In3luen'e

A''e%tan'e

Enin( n"tes


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Introdu"tion Frieri'h Niet.s'he +as -"rn "n O't"-er /19 /;55 in

R"'#en9 near Lei%.i(:

His 3ather Carl Lu+i( ie +ith a min"r -rain ailment

in /;50 +hen Niet.s'he +as -arel) 3i,e:

In /;1; he +as amitte t" S'hul%3"rta9 !erman)


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eologies / Views

Niet.s'he -elie,e that Eur"%ean man +as stanin( at a 'riti'al turnin( %"int:

The a,an'e "3 s'ienti3i' enli(htenment9 in %arti'ular the Dar+inian the"r) ha

estr")e the "l reli(i"us ieas:

He sai The (reat an(er is that man +ill 3in his e=isten'e meanin(less:Unless a

ne+ (r"unin( 3"r ,alues is %r",ie9 Niet.s'he %rei'te a ra%i +ea#enin(

int" estru'ti"n 3"r s"'iet):

A''"rin( t" Niet.s'he Sel3$master) an sel3$",er'"min( are the >ualities that (i,e a

uni>ue ,alue t" human li3e:


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#a$or %or&s

He +r"te man) -""#s: His 3irst +"r# +as ?The Birth "3 Tra(e)? @%u-lishe in /;68:

It +as a slante l""# at an'ient !ree# 'ulture:

?Thus S%"#e Zarathustra? @/;;1 +as '"nsiere t" -e -"th his -est an -est$#n"+n

+"r#:

?Be)"n !"" an E,il? @/;;7 an ?On the !eneal"() "3 *"ralit)? @/;;6 are -"th

m"re li#e '"lle'ti"ns "3 essa)s than st"ries an aress %rett) 'lassi' meta%h)si'al

su-je'ts su'h as ethi's9 truth9 3ree$+ill9 an s" "n:


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'"hie(e)ents

In /;7; urin( his time at the uni,ersit) "3 Lei%.i(9 Niet.s'he -e'ame a'>uainte

+ith a musi'ian name Ri'har a(ner: Niet.s'he


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'""eptan"e

The t+" (ran3athers "3 m"ern %s)'h"l"()9 Si(mun Freu @/;17$/040 an

Carl &un( @/;61$/07/9 -"th ha a ee% amirati"n 3"r Niet.s'he an 'reite

him +ith man) insi(hts int" the human 'hara'ter:

Frieri'h Niet.s'he +as !erman %hil"s"%her +h"se +ritin(s re3le'te ieas

"3 m"ralit) 9 reli(i"n an s'ien'e:

His +"r#s +ere -ase u%"n ieas "3 ("" an e,il an the en "3 reli(i"n in the

m"ern +"rl:

His Phil"s"%h) is mainl) re3erre t" as e=istentialism 9 a 3am"us t+entieth 'entur)

%hil"s"%h) 3"'usin( "n man


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B'RC !PINO0'


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Outline

Intr"u'ti"n

Ie"l"()

In3luen'e

*aj"r +"r#Enin( n"tes


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Introdu"tion

Baru'h S%in".a +as -"rn in /748 as the se'"n

s"n "3 *i(uel e Es%in".a:

"un( S%in".a +as raise u% in the P"rtu(uese

&e+ish '"mmunit) in Amsteram that (re+si(ni3i'antl) a3ter the S%anish Alham-ra De'ree

@/058

He learne 3r"m the traiti"nal Ra--i Saul Le,i

*"rteira as +ell as the less traiti"nal *anasseh-en Israel +h" is -est #n"+n 3"r 3"unin( the 3irst

He-re+ %rintin( %ress in the Dur'h 'a%ital:


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Contd

At the a(e "3 /69 he le3t the 3"rmal eu'ati"n an starte t" +"r# in the

3amil) -usiness:

At the a(e "3 829 S%in".a -e(an t" stu) Latin: He +as tau(ht -)

Fran'is'us Gan en Enen9 a 3"rmer &esuit +h" +as n"t"ri"us 3"r hisse'ular th"u(ht:

At the time 'herem +as issue a(ainst S%in".a9 his 3amil) -usiness

'ame int" seri"us 3inan'ial i33i'ulties: He le3t ",er the -usiness al"n(

+ith the e-ts t" his )"un(er -r"ther an ei'ate himsel3 t" %hil"s"%h)an "%ti's 3"r the remainin( 8/ )ears "3 his li3e:


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Ideology

S%in".a


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In-uen"e

On his -elie3 in !": In /0809 B"st"ns Carinal OC"nnell -rane Einsteins

the"r) "3 relati,it) as ?-e3"((e s%e'ulati"n %r"u'in( uni,ersal "u-t a-"ut

!" an His Creati"n9? an as im%l)in( ?the (hastl) a%%ariti"n "3 atheism:? In

alarm:

In an"ther "3 his essa)s "n reli(i"n: Einstein %"ints t" a %lausi-le s"ur'e 3"r

his s%e'i3i' 3"rmulati"ns ?Th"se ini,iuals t" +h"m +e "+e the (reat

'reati,e a'hie,ements "3 s'ien'e +ere all "3 them im-ue +ith a trul)

reli(i"us '"n,i'ti"n that this uni,erse "3 "urs is s"methin( %er3e't9 an

sus'e%ti-le thr"u(h the rati"nal stri,in( 3"r #n"+le(e:


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#a$or wor&

ORK A Sh"rt Treatise "n !"9 *an an His ell$Bein( @/772$

/77/

On the Im%r",ement "3 the Unerstanin( @/778

The Prin'i%les "3 Cartesian Phil"s"%h) @/774

The"l"(i'al P"liti'al Treatise @/762

The Ethi's @/766

He-re+ !rammar @/766:


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*nding note

Bent" @in He-re+9 Baru'hJ in Latin9 Benei'tus S%in".a is "ne "3 the m"st3am"us %hil"s"%heran 'ertainl) the m"st rai'al"3 the earl) m"ern

%eri":

His th"u(ht '"m-ines a '"mmitment t" a num-er "3 Cartesian meta%h)si'al an

e%istem"l"(i'al %rin'i%les +ith elements 3r"m an'ient St"i'ism an meie,al

&e+ish rati"nalism int" a n"netheless hi(hl) "ri(inal s)stem:

His e=tremel) naturalisti' ,ie+s "n !"9 the +"rl9 the human -ein( an

#n"+le(e ser,e t" (r"un a m"ral %hil"s"%h) 'entere "n the '"ntr"l "3 the

%assi"ns leain( t" ,irtue an ha%%iness:


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THANK OU

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