ruby - may 16 2011 · tinker, tailor tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… a public policy agenda on...

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Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011

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Page 1: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Tinker, Tailor

Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on  

Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs

1Alan Ruby, May 2011

Page 2: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Overview:  Four Perspectives

Personal

Historical

Conceptual

Empirical 

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Page 3: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

A World of Certainty or Chance?

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Page 4: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Assumptions @ School & Work

• Some education is good for all but a lot of it is only needed for a  few;

• Differentiation and specialization should start early to prepare people for work; and

• Should be based on ability and gender.

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Page 5: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Manual Arts@1960

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Page 6: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Post‐School Training

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Page 7: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

This is Not a New Issue

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Page 8: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Efficiency & Schooling

• Order, stability & utility shape curriculum. • Standardizing student selection & tracking so they end in the “right” jobs or colleges. 

• Reducing the “gap” between learning and earning and the transition between two types of institutions. 

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Page 9: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Task Analysis

9Frank Gilbreth, Motion Efficiency Study, c. 1914National Museum of American History, Ehring Center

Page 10: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

A Communication Problem 

10Adams, The Wall Street Journal, 

April 9‐10,2011

Page 11: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Competencies

• “The ability to meet complex demands successfully or to carry out an activity or task.”

• Embodied in an individual’s “internal mental structures of abilities, capacities and dispositions.”

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Reychen, 2004

Page 12: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Three Domains

• Acting autonomously;

• Using tools interactively; and

• Joining & functioning in socially heterogeneous groups.

Reychen, 200412

Page 13: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Does Demand Change

• Will competencies persist over time and place?

• What drives change?

• What of these is foreseeable?

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Page 14: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Shifts in Occupational Structure

The New Yorker, 10 May 2011 14

Page 15: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Work Place Computer?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1984 1989 1993 1999 2001 2003

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% of FT US workforce

BLS Current Population Survey Data 

Page 16: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Baby Boomers & Job Turnover

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%

Degree & + SomeCollege

High School < HighSchool

All

15+11 to 148 to 105 to 72 to 40 to 1

Numbers of Jobs in Career to Date by Education all Level

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth  1957‐64 births 16

Page 17: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Educated People 

• Have more job opportunities through job growth

• Are more competitive as entry requirements go up; &

• Get their first stable job faster

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Page 18: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

What We Do Know

• No fine‐grained alignment of education, access to work and individual returns;

• Rhetoric about skills has not shaped practices; 

• Information is “the” school to work issue .  

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Page 19: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

Reprise

• “Scientific” curricula designers  focused on today’s jobs & efficiency gains;

• Voc Ed advocates aligned  parts of the system: parts of the economy & the labor market with part of today’s students’ skills.

• New competencies integrate  interpersonal & intellectual capabilities, uncouple skills & occupations & broaden first job destinations for individuals. Tomorrow’s jobs for today’s students

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Page 20: ruby - may 16 2011 · Tinker, Tailor Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor… A Public Policy Agenda on Today’s Students and Tomorrow’s Jobs 1 Alan Ruby, May 2011. Overview: Four Perspectives

A New Rhyme?

‘Broker, hedgie, blogger, techie,Lend or, borrow.  Whatever I chooseIt’s only for tomorrow.’

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