How do Hebrew speakers trick or treat?An experimental study of verb formation from Hebrew CCVC nouns Roy Becker-Kristal, UCLA Linguisticsroybecker@humnet.ucla.edu

IntroductionThis experimental study tests how Hebrew speakers coin novel denominative verbs from known CCVC nouns.Beyond a mere description of a language-specific state of affairs, this study puts to test various morpho-phonological theories.Particular attention is given to the experimental methodology, since comparable studies are rare in the morpho-phonological literature.

BackgroundHebrew verb conjugations (binyanim)A small close set of CV template paradigms. Any Hebrew verb must pertain to one such template paradigm or binyan.There are five binyanim, three of which, namely katal, hiktil and kitel can have any argument structure (niktal and hitkatel are limited to intransitives). katal and hiktil are skeletally rigid, while kitel is more plastic.The (sub-)binyanim are named after their Past-3rd-Sg-Msc template (e.g. katal=/C1a.C2aC3/)*.* The binyanim are more commonly named using the consonants p/f--l, e.g. paal, piel, hifil etc. The use of k-t-l, which is common in the noun template system, is more transparent, and hence used here.

BackgroundThe binyanim: katalThe default binyan in Ancient Hebrew.Huge lexical count.Rather non-productive in Modern Hebrew.Highly diverse base template paradigm (six-to-nine very different templates), e.g. /lis.tom/ to seal:/sa.tam/ Past3SgMsc/sat.mu/ Past3Pl/so.tem/ PresSgMsc/sot.mim/ PresPlMsc/jis.tom/ Fut3SgMsc/jis.te.mu/ Fut3Pl(Prescriptively also: /stam.tem/ Past2PlMsc, /sit.mu/ Imp2Pl)

BackgroundThe binyanim: hiktilStrongly associated with causation, but can accommodate any argument structure.Large lexical count.Productive mostly in secondary derivation (of causatives from existing non-causative verbs).Very stable base template paradigm (only two-three rather similar templates). e.g. /le.hak.lit/ to record:/hik.lit/ Past3SgMsc/hik.lat.nu/ Past1Pl/mak.lit/ PresSgMsc/mak.li.tim/ PresPlMsc/jak.lit/ Fut3SgMsc/jak.li.tu/ Fut3Pl (Prescriptively also: /hak.let/ Imp2Sg)

BackgroundThe binyanim: kitel (canonical C1VC2VC3 form)The default binyan in Modern Hebrew.Huge lexical count.Highly productive.Moderately stable base template paradigm (five rather similar templates), e.g. /le.ka.bel/ to receive:/ki.bel/ Past3SgMsc/kib.lu/ Past3Pl/ki.bal.nu/ Past1Pl/me.ka.bel/ PresSgMsc/me.kab.lim/ PresPlMsc/je.ka.bel/ Fut3SgMsc /je.kab.lu/ Fut3Pl

BackgroundThe binyanim: kitel (non-canonical C0VC0VC0 forms)kitel can accommodate clusters in its consonantal slots: CCC-initial: /stip.tez/ he stripteased CCCC-medial: /tins.keb/ he transcribed* CC-final: /sig.ment/ he segmented*Moderate lexical count, but highly productive, especially when accommodating loanwords.Stable base template paradigm (three templates: C0iC0eC0, C0iC0aC0, C0aC0eC0).CVCCVC kitel verbs (kirtel) are frequent. CCVCCVC kitel verbs (kristel) are also attested. Peculiarly, CCVCVC kitel verbs (kritel) are extremely rare.*Speech-technology jargon. Linguistic circles use different terms.

BackgroundThe binyanim: kitel sub-binyanimThe plasticity of kitel is exploited to accommodate bases containing affixes, creating several sub-binyanim. These sub-binyanim host many denominative verbs from affix-/reduplication-derived CVCCVC nouns. Prefixed sub-binyanim: iktel, miktel, tiktel, iktelSuffixed sub-binyanim: kitlenReduplication sub-binyanim: kitlel, ktolel.All these sub-binyanim have moderate-to-low lexical count, but kitlel is extremely productive and iktel has also been becoming fashionable.

BackgroundNouns and denominative verbs in HebrewNouns (and adjectives) enjoy much greater structural flexibility in Hebrew (and other Semitic languages). There are many more CV-templates, and templates are not at all obligatory.Therefore, the derivation of a denominative verb involves phonological mapping of free structures onto rigid frames, with inevitable faithfulness violations. Examples: excessive truncation: /kon.fi.gu.ats.ja/ configuration /kin.feg/ he configured full reduplication: /zap/ zap /zip.zep/ he zapped

BackgroundDenominative verbs in Hebrew (Cont.)For some structures it is in fact impossible to derive a denominative verb, e.g.: CV: /tsi/ fleet ??? CVCVCC: /ko.mand/ command (in linguistics) ???Yet, in most cases, not only is it possible to derive a denominative verb, but native Hebrew speakers also have clear intuitions how to derive it. Hypothetical examples: CVCCVC: /bun.ke/ bunker /bin.ke/ he bunkered CVCC: /ift/ shift /if.tet/ he pressed the shift keyThe overwhelming majority of newly coined denominative verbs in Hebrew are in either the canonical (C1i.C2eC3) or in the C1VC2.C3VC4 variants of kitel.

BackgroundCCVC nouns and denominative verbsCCVC nouns are tri-consonantal, therefore all possible binyanim are relevant for verb derivation.The template paradigms of the most productive sub-binyanim (canoincal kitel and kitlel) are the least structurally faithful: /C1C2VC3/ rendition of the base never occurs in their paradigm, whereas it does occur in katal, hiktil and various less productive variants of kitel such as iktel or ktolel.Thus there is a conflict between the morpho-lexical requirement to use the default operation and the phonological requirement to maximize source-derivative faithfulness.

BackgroundInformal systematic survey of CCVC nouns and denominative verbs in the Hebrew lexicon:300-350 CCVC nouns (and adjectives).39 unambiguous cases of denominative verbs derived from CCVC nouns: 10 in katal, 19 in hiktil, six in kitel, three in kitlel, four in other kitel variants.Although these numbers are not reliable for quantitative analysis, the morpho-lexical vs. phonological conflict is apparent: The otherwise preferred strategies kitel and kitlel fare much worse that the template-faithful hiktil.

BackgroundLexical survey (cont.):Apparent island of reliability in CCiC: out of 12 CCiC-sourced verbs, nine (75%) are in hiktil.Balanced variation between strategies elsewhere.Huge variation in CCoC-sourced verbs: 10 verbs, five different strategies: katal: e.g. /xa.ap/ he napped, from /xop/ nap hiktil: e.g. /his.mil/ he turned left, from /smol/ left kitel: e.g. /bi.lef/ he bluffed, from /blof/ bluff kitlel: /bil.geg/ he blogged, from /blog/ blog ktolel: /no.e/ he scrounged, from /no/ scrounge

Theoretical ApproachesThe Semitologist Approach*:In Semitic languages, lexical entries include the consonantal root as a component in their representation.Derivation of the phonological contents of a novel word requires the extraction of a consonantal root, the choice of a template, and the combination of the two together.Since derivation goes through consonantal root extraction, vocalic contents and prosodic structure of the source of the derivation should play only a marginal role.Verb derivation strategies should not differ significantly between CVCVC-sourced and CCVC-sourced nouns, nor between CCVC nouns containing different vowels.*Berent et al. (1997,2001,2002) clearly manifest this approach, but might not necessarily subscribe to the current line of argumentation.

Theoretical ApproachesThe Universalist Phonological Approach*:Semitic languages adhere to the same phonological constraints and representations as other languages.Lexical entries do not contain the consonantal root as an independent representation component.Derivation of the phonological contents of a novel word is achieved by direct source-derivative mapping, while adhering to faithfulness and markedness constraints.Direct mapping and source faithfulness imply that, in the derivation of denominative verbs, the skeletal structure and vowel quality of the noun source should play a significant role in determining the derivation strategy.*See e.g. Bat-El (1994a, 1994b).

Theoretical ApproachesThe Lexicalist Approach*:Morphological strategies are determined by the speakers knowledge of paradigm distribution in the existing lexicon.When choosing a morphological strategy, the speaker applies arbitrary statistical knowledge on phonological structures, rather than direct phonological mapping.The choice of derivation strategies of novel CCVC-sourced denominative verbs should match the distribution of strategies among the existing 39 CCVC-sourced verbs.Hypothetical strategies absent from the Hebrew lexicon should be avoided even if they are phonologically optimal.

*This inflection-based approach, advocated in e.g. Albright(2002), Albright&Hayes(2002), might not extend to derivational morphology.

The ExperimentExperiments on novel word derivationNo standard format (unlike inflectional wug-tests).The morphological task is somewhat unnatural (most people do not invent words on a daily basis).The task tends to be open-ended, and is seldom confined to a small n-ary choice.Many times no derivational strategy is appropriate a problem for a strict forced-choice task.High risk of over-creativity on one hand, and strategy drift on the other.

The Experiment - GuidelinesHow to do an experiment on derivation?Ensure that the subjects are in the right state of mind!Obviate the task by using real word stimuli (not wugs) and straightforward meanings for the derivatives!Keep the task simple! Cover most relevant strategies and have the subjects choose, rather than derive themselves.Dont force the subjects to choose leave a default alternative with no derivation available!Instruct subjects to prefer naturalness over creativity!Keep the experiment short, but dont forget to use fillers!If the experiment is phonological, do not rely solely on written form!

The Experiment - SubjectsTo date, 24 subjects have participated (a few others were recruited but dropped out in the middle).Native Hebrew speakers, aged 22-36, educated (undergrads to post-docs).Homogeneous and representative of General Israeli Hebrew (mostly second generation native speakers).Living in Israel at present or have recently relocated from Israel to Los-Angeles.No thorough background in theoretical linguistics.Neither academic nor professional experience in applying prescriptivist norms.

The Experiment - Stimuli63 nouns, ranging from core vocabulary, through slang and loanwords to English words used in code-mixing.48 CCVC stimuli, comprising of 16 CCiC stimuli and 8 stimuli for each of CCeC, CCaC, CCoC and CCuC.15 control/filler stimuli: 5 stimuli for each of CV.CVC, VC.CVC and CCV.CVC, all perfectly balanced for vowel qualities in both stressed and unstressed syllables.Stimuli never had existing semantically and morpho-phonologically related verbs (denominative or not).Stimuli were phonologically compatible with all of the available strategies (not yielding phonotactic violations).Different stimuli never shared the same consonantal root.

The Experiment - TaskGiven a noun stimulus, a related predicative meaning, and a sentence illustrating the use of the predicate, the subject had to choose the most natural denominative verb among eight derivational options (in Past-3rd-Sg-Msc).For CCVC stimuli, these options included the seven (sub-) binyanim katal, hiktil, kitel, kitlel, iktel, ktolel (lexical count: 1), ktilel (fictive, lexical count: 0). For the control conditions there were also seven options, but these varied (since, for some stimuli, certain tri-consonantal options had to be replaced by dummies).The eighth option was always a paraphrastic rendition of the predicate with no derivation. The subjects were instructed to choose this default option only as last resort.

The Experiment - ProcedureFor each experiment session, the subject receives by e-mail a PowerPoint presentation, an answer sheet and detailed installation instructions.The subject is instructed to condergo the session while sitting alone in front of the computer.The presentation begins with a multi-media introduction to denominative verb derivation, illustrating both real verbs and (obvious) intuitions about some hypothetical verbs.The introduction states explicitly that the experiment tests how Hebrew speakers derive verbs from nouns. However, the phonological aspects studied are not disclosed.The subject is explicitly instructed to prefer naturalness to creativity.

The Experiment PresentationThe 63 stimuli were divided to three sessions of 21 stimuli in each (16 CCVC and 5 of the other conditions).The order of the 5 non-CCVC stimuli was randomized.The order of the 16 CCVC stimuli was randomized, and they were divided to four blocks of four stimuli. These four blocks were interlaced between the non-CCVC stimuli.For each stimulus, the order of the seven non-default derivational strategies was randomized.Graphemic as well as carefully-controlled, naturally-sounding, recorded auditory renditions were created for both the stimuli and all the derivational options.Each stimulus was presented, with its derivational options, on a separate slide in a PowerPoint presentation.

[shvil]2. ( / ){latinization} {/vil/ path (a narrow and/or unpaved road)} : " ".{Verb meaning: to lead through a path.} : ________ .{Usage example: The guide ____ the boy-scouts.} {Listen to all derivations and mark the most appropriate one on the questionaire}The Experiment ExampleFollowing is an example of a stimulus presentation slide (English glosses in curled brackets are later addition):

The Experiment Special FocusSpecial focus on hiktil in CCVC stimuli:The number of CCiC stimuli is twice that of other vowels.Two binary non-phonological parameters are controlled: a) transitivity: whether or not the predicate takes a direct object (strict causativity was avoided, because of the risk of a ceiling effect). b) homophony: whether or not the Hebrew lexicon already has a hiktil verb with these three consonants.Each combination of {vowel, trans, hom} is represented by two stimuli (four stimuli for CCiC).Homophony in other binyanim: For the 48 stimuli there were 13 potential katal homophones, 11 kitel, 5 kitlel and 2 potential iktel homophones.

CV.CVC ResultsHegemony of kitel (and kitlel) as expected.Somewhat surprising viability of katal, maybe due to /CV.CVC/ skeletal faithfulness.Negligible use of hiktil (and iktel).Results are in line with all three theoretical approaches.

Chart3

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ikatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#11167375375718368

%2.989130434845.380434782610.054347826114.40217391320.38043478261.9021739134.8913043478

okatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

#1224262996611177

%6.779661016913.559322033914.689265536716.3841807915.084745762737.28813559326.2146892655

ukatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#842283583313167

%4.790419161725.149700598816.766467065920.95808383234.790419161719.76047904197.7844311377

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

intransitive

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny117940123

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

#3611863105946034510

%7.058823529423.13725490212.352941176520.588235294118.43137254911.76470588246.6666666667

transitive

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#271818787616541549

%4.918032786932.969034608415.846994535515.846994535511.111111111111.8397085617.4681238616

hiktil non-exist

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

#391547486705039512

%7.617187530.07812514.45312516.79687513.6718759.7656257.6171875

hiktil exist

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny117940123

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#2312875105857236524

%4.389312977124.42748091614.312977099220.038167938916.221374045813.74045801536.8702290076

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

#37013335259185

%1.621621621637.83783783787.02702702717.837837837828.10810810812.70270270274.8648648649

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#89724202329183

%4.371584699553.005464480913.114754098410.928961748612.56830601091.09289617494.9180327869

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

#69119312767187

%3.208556149748.663101604310.160427807516.57754010714.43850267383.20855614973.743315508

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#576182248111181

%2.762430939241.98895027629.944751381212.154696132626.51933701660.55248618786.0773480663

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

#237720195595

%2.105263157938.94736842117.368421052621.0526315789205.26315789475.2631578947

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

#133613330490

%1.111111111136.66666666676.666666666714.444444444436.666666666704.4444444444

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

#454121181292

%4.34782608758.695652173913.043478260911.95652173918.69565217391.08695652172.1739130435

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#443129151791

%4.395604395647.252747252713.18681318689.890109890116.48351648351.09890109897.6923076923

63299150192155125751059

0

Sheet2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CV.'CVC (n=110 out of 120)

Sheet3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for VC.'CVC (n=101 out of 120)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCeC (n=176 out of 192)

iktel9.1%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCaC (n=171 out of 192)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCoC (n=177 out of 192)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCuC (n=167 out of 192)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCiC (n=368 out of 384)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCVC (n=1059 out of 1152)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCVC (corrected )

19717199511444175123159336ann81233032017

22232499549459975124424351ann162630119

5555132454313232452344433any24666002425

64741694494494644643445319any1021214121

31737393222333243122752428ayn27821032319

11513699132427336125154156ayn734232122

69491797231457467965454239ayy22153342010

59463222649757545347755262ayy042462422

22551999591457575569655149enn3201922197

19261695591257445927455252enn340362220

92222229229422222439274210eny015130012031

34552934441544743543433320eny117940123

33553222522425473243354333eyn07745012411

77533293222457275374753557eyn055250623

34536232514452443323754429eyy1467411247

63471743529453645364354359eyy116643223

2257222322542424522262449inn013153112416

24351632544423552265254430inn163662024

2257222322542424522262449inn01315311247

37752292545422564224252434inn091551223

2257222322542424522262449inn013153112410

27252222523452574364154254inn192451224

24351632544423552265254430inn16366202411

37752292545422564224252434inn091551223

24351632544423552265254430inn16366202410

27252222523452574364154254inn192451224

37752292545422564224252434inn0915512233

27252222523452574364154254inn192451224

79552232759455545574454412iny03169032213

25555592525455523222224426iny0913100023

79552232759455545574454412iny03169032230

22222252229452232139222244iny1162120022

79552232759455545574454412iny03169032211

29553522525455574545355246iny0523120123

25555592525455523222224426iny091310002319

22222252229452232139222244iny1162120022

25555592525455523222224426iny09131000238

29553522525455574545355246iny0523120123

22222252229452232139222244iny116212002225

29553522525455574545355246iny0523120123

9222329952242223241242322iyn11333100213

3422234222522222321222425iyn1163310024

9222329952242223241242322iyn113331002119

72457344226433335242255314iyn066541224

9222329952242223241242322iyn113331002114

22221292522122522222222224iyn2190020023

3422234222522222321222425iyn116331002422

72457344226433335242255314iyn066541224

3422234222522222321222425iyn116331002411

22221292522122522222222224iyn2190020023

72457344226433335242255314iyn06654122431

22221292522122522222222224iyn2190020023

22134242529153375343421318iyy36643012327

22625299525252222252222240iyy0160051022

22134242529153375343421318iyy3664301237

23472222212453345334455550iyy175550124

22134242529153375343421318iyy36643012325

79272292277252572222223261iyy0141020522

22625299525252222252222240iyy016005102222

23472222212453345334455550iyy175550124

22625299525252222252222240iyy016005102212

79272292277252572222223261iyy0141020522

23472222212453345334455550iyy17555012424

79272292277252572222223261iyy0141020522

6466166462546324573346647onn12362912410

64495292619463476473175917onn222524320

66666136629469236663656335ony124111302218

94594399611139197129936345ony514212116

69262232522563326142264638oyn19322602317

66663122642467676374363355oyn135309324

64666226667467444633663313oyy02450112248

66662676646452461342646623oyy1315112124

4463149215343377442317448unn32581132318

39677499696433693364136347unn107306219

96593325695963624733676415uny02523622011

96291999766299267969426425uny140206215

69442293643442225222227641uyn010251312215

2226229322242226621222224uyn1171103023

31366499536466432142354231uyy23552502215

62473293446457744324644260uyy043913323

#85633224298305139111179515.475

%4.735376044635.264623955412.479108635116.601671309216.9916434547.74373259056.1838440111

69442293643442225222227641uyn01025131220.637147171417

96291999766299267969426425uny1402062150.3055335164

77533293222457275374753557eyn0552506230.752072511825

92222229229422222439274210eny01513001200.8796866004

19717199511444175123159336ann8123303200.241484910624

24351632544423552265254430inn1636620240.2624617849

64495292619463476473175917onn2225243200.239461904814

66662676646452461342646623oyy13151121240.952951034

22232499549459975124424351ann1626301190.420681827716

25555592525455523222224426iny09131000230.6151577377

66666136629469236663656335ony12411130220.995493672627

22134242529153375343421318iyy3664301230.0391401037

62473293446457744324644260uyy0439133230.654131633519

23472222212453345334455550iyy1755501240.4073371517

27252222523452574364154254inn1924512240.07860533821

4463149215343377442317448unn3258113230.1081067917

22221292522122522222222224iyn21900200230.527471955937

6466166462546324573346647onn1236291240.3401685797

37752292545422564224252434inn0915512230.093875315915

69491797231457467965454239ayy2215334200.0001975699

96593325695963624733676415uny0252362200.202302509414

94594399611139197129936345ony5142121160.0299399697

22625299525252222252222240iyy01600510220.518379496611

2226229322242226621222224uyn11711030230.9302492156

29553522525455574545355246iny05231201230.151572090225

3422234222522222321222425iyn11633100240.8953465208

31366499536466432142354231uyy2355250220.454692203926

22222252229452232139222244iny11621200220.574855154

31737393222333243122752428ayn2782103230.009216278816

9222329952242223241242322iyn11333100210.909570435

79552232759455545574454412iny0316903220.986059532619

34552934441544743543433320eny1179401230.7738905257

59463222649757545347755262ayy0424624220.941448414114

34536232514452443323754429eyy1467411240.6302417792

69262232522563326142264638oyn1932260230.644923380419

11513699132427336125154156ayn7342321220.8515710617

64741694494494644643445319any10212141210.408794526118

39677499696433693364136347unn1073062190.1593971197

66663122642467676374363355oyn1353093240.995040335224

5555132454313232452344433any2466600240.7674218372

79272292277252572222223261iyy01410205220.484760671533

63471743529453645364354359eyy1166432230.5363795438

2257222322542424522262449inn01315311240.298933580827

22551999591457575569655149enn3201922190.3501579066

64666226667467444633663313oyy02450112240.526315605526

19261695591257445927455252enn3403622200.367728457

33553222522425473243354333eyn0774501240.39239722066

72457344226433335242255314iyn0665412240.8332178384

20.5416666667

20.875

19.125

21.125

20.71

19.791

20.2

20.29

19.7

20.54

CV.CVC ResultsHegemony of iktel.Mostly in line with the phonological approach.The Semitologist claim that the nouns contain an underlying // cannot be ruled out.iktel is also in line with the lexical distribution approach, but ktilel is not (yet its marginal).

Chart3

1.9801980198

6.9306930693

1.9801980198

1.9801980198

4.9504950495

1.9801980198

80.198019802

derivation strategies for VC.'CVC(n=101 out of 120)

Sheet1

-'

5933453972331555555555533 11

7922272991226222726426272 2iyn11333100211

1777751637315161637613331 3any2466600240

3444144934445444114244444 4uyy11711030231

4426664266676666646166626 5iyn11633100241

1515555911556551555755555 61

3373363373547325741227337 7onn1236291241

3114571937251556611357611 " 8unn3258113230

4445744414452424254446422 9inn01315311241

6966666696697666667496376 10eny01513001200

2944169991462494344444444 111

5196622721695666566155655 12iny0316903221

6515556655521521115335533 13oyy02450112241

4427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn0665412240

4947922574979424536224643 15uny0252362200

4476436942212444427744474 161

6266954942396216726713759 17onn2225243200

1117451512197244324545174 18iyy3664301230

1721247922922927227252235 -19any10212141210

6617739611127114167161666 20eny1179401230

1713721912116713141111611 210

-'

515555555551555155155551 221

555525355656126547625655 23oyy13151121240

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn21900200231

914929997114994179195415 25uny1402062150

677777967672777646666622 26iny09131000230

557555954555564555255595 271

261212925552225726551457 28ayn2782103230

512543532711231155356211 29eyy1467411241

412536245111425544654511 30inn1636620240

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy2355250220

552674352452555295755555 321

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn0774501240

322466964141664516616461 34inn0915512230

111115611297192611161316 35ony12411130220

196161997113331671521792 -36ann8123303200

646664966667647446764774 370

294244145445211423644262 38oyn1932260231

695973931475235639625251 39ayy2215334201

667636993636366666366666 40iyy01600510220

591133965161133373333345 41uyn01025131220

212221922146112627311221 420

-'

551535914151515695551155 430

222222122296122724792222 44iny11621200220

937931992555195945699121 45ony5142121161

496636446465666756563664 46iny05231201231

495332995952445944521454 47unn1073062191

911921727121229141111212 481

554469994967414144393446 49enn3201922191

351633333731255125511222 50iyy1755501241

444142995292599753422421 51ann1626301190

596151922956237729637226 52enn3403622201

245411444444441444244444 531

212622226275626157354652 54inn1924512241

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn1353093241

553561995627246615235375 56ayn7342321220

667225925553765672636727 57eyn0552506231

222222122122217172211122 580

216737615496512651261561 59eyy1166432231

615341945565233554156551 60uyy0439133230

196166966116363166666656 61iyy01410205220

791563335194747176144773 62ayy0424624221

392771977774774777277777 631

#6329915019215512575105932

922232995224222324124232%5.949008498628.234183191714.16430594918.130311614714.636449480611.80358829087.082152974522

555513245431323245234443

222622932224222662122222

342223422252222232122242

646616646254632457334664

44631492153433774423174491524-

22572223225424245222624481321-

922222292294222224392742101525-

101727-

7955223275945554557445445510-

64666226667467444633663391120-

72457344226433335242255361622-

96593325695963624733676481220-

41014-

64495292619463476473175991423-

22134242529153375343421361420-

64741694494494644643445381422-

34552934441544743543433381321-

91221-

71017-

111122-

66662676646452461342646661420-

22221292522122522222222251015-

96291999766299267969426461319-

2555559252545552322222446713-

61016-

317373932223332431227524111122-

345362325144524433237544101525-

2435163254442355226525443912-

31366499536466432142354281422-

82129-

33553222522425473243354371017-

37752292545422564224252471825-

666661366294692366636563101323-

19717199511444175123159361521-

131528-

69262232522563326142264641115-

694917972314574679654542101727-

22625299525252222252222281018-

694422936434422252222276101727-

51015-

121527-

51621-

2222225222945223213922225914-

945943996111391971299363121325-

29553522525455574545355271118-

39677499696433693364136391322-

61117-

225519995914575755696551101828-

23472222212453345334455571118-

2223249954945997512442437815-

192616955912574459274552257-

41317-

2725222252345257436415424913-

66663122642467676374363321315-

1151369913242733612515413912-

77533293222457275374753571017-

7512-

63471743529453645364354351419-

62473293446457744324644271421-

79272292277252572222223271623-

5946322264975754534775526713-

5914-

33121130025640020183060126361117-

131212615221119112010510141398121614131361529951620-

832696670341612667116135361415021113-

11082244531033434813941010124181119281422-

22131132121928219410114514020821553912-

12581046131126081556380747312541620-

4346421121210931232424410756915-

5100503241105912412030510119351015-

4848484848484848484848484848484848484848484848486.878787878812.227272727319.0909090909

0.08072916672.55110927013.32725553134.9852930559

Sheet2

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

-'

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny117940123

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyy1171103023

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#63299150192155125751059

%5.949008498628.234183191714.16430594918.130311614714.636449480611.80358829087.0821529745

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

331211300256400201830601263a13.450292397715.789473684215.789473684223.391812865515.20467836266.4327485389.9415204678

1312126152211191120105101413981216141313615299e5.113636363622.159090909118.181818181819.886363636421.02272727274.54545454559.0909090909

8326966703416126671161353614150i2.989130434845.380434782610.054347826114.40217391320.38043478261.9021739134.8913043478

110822445310334348139410101241811192o6.779661016913.559322033914.689265536716.3841807915.084745762737.28813559326.2146892655

2213113212192821941011451402082155u4.790419161725.149700598816.766467065920.95808383234.790419161719.76047904197.7844311377

1258104613112608155638074731256.624627874924.407604401715.096274458919.004523007613.296601068513.98579832637.584570862100

434642112121093123242441075katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

51005032411059124120305101193

484848484848484848484848484848484848484848484848

CV.'CVC

933453972331555555555533 17111100222

476436942212444427744474 162411400021

551535914151515695551155 431012700121

515555555551555155155551 220019500024

552674352452555295755555 322113400222

1266621005110

%10.90909090915.45454545456019.0909090909004.5454545455

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

646664966667647446764774 370070160023

212221922146112627311221 420082112023

911921727121229141111212 480011082021

713721912116713141111611 210013235023

222222122122217172211122 580070152024

0046453110114

%0040.3508771933.508771929846.49122807029.6491228070

245411444444441444244444 532000101821

515555911556551555755555 60411001723

944169991462494344444444 110100001314

557555954555564555255595 270011211722

392771977774774777277777 630200211621

27225281101

%1.98019801986.93069306931.98019801981.98019801984.95049504951.980198019880.198019802

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

a

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320ktilelktolel

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119a15.20467836266.4327485380.70270270270.2972972973

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024e21.02272727274.54545454550.82222222220.1777777778

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121i20.38043478261.9021739130.91463414630.0853658537

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323o5.084745762737.28813559320.120.88

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122u4.790419161719.76047904190.19512195120.8048780488

695973931475235639625251 39ayy2215334202.05197831981.9480216802

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

#232727402611171712.3636363636

%13.450292397715.789473684215.789473684223.391812865515.20467836266.4327485389.94152046780.4230769231

ekatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

554469994967414144393446 49enn3201922194.625

596151922956237729637226 52enn3403622200.2162162162

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny117940123

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

#939323537816176

%5.113636363622.159090909118.181818181819.886363636421.02272727274.54545454559.0909090909

ikatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

445744414452424254446422 9inn013153112410.71428571430.2424242424

412536245111425544654511 30inn1636620240.09333333334.125

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#11167375375718368

%2.989130434845.380434782610.054347826114.40217391320.38043478261.9021739134.8913043478

okatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

#1224262996611177

%6.779661016913.559322033914.689265536716.3841807915.084745762737.28813559326.2146892655

ukatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#842283583313167

%4.790419161725.149700598816.766467065920.95808383234.790419161719.76047904197.7844311377

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

intransitive

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny11794012348445882115

445744414452424254446422 9inn013153112441.73913043483.478260869639.13043478266.95652173916.95652173911.7391304348

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024kirtelkirtlelkritelkritlelkrotelkrotlel

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

#3611863105946034510

%7.058823529423.13725490212.352941176520.588235294118.43137254911.76470588246.6666666667

transitive

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#271818787616541549

%4.918032786932.969034608415.846994535515.846994535511.111111111111.8397085617.4681238616

hiktil non-exist

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

#391547486705039512

%7.617187530.07812514.45312516.79687513.6718759.7656257.6171875

hiktil exist

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny117940123

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#2312875105857236524

%4.389312977124.42748091614.312977099220.038167938916.221374045813.74045801536.8702290076

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variancest-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223Variable 1Variable 2Variable 1Variable 2

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224Mean8.7512.125Mean6.52.875

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322Variance17.928571428626.125Variance12.28571428572.6964285714

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023Observations88Observations88

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022Pooled Variance22.0267857143Pooled Variance7.4910714286

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123Hypothesized Mean Difference0Hypothesized Mean Difference0

#37013335259185df14df14

%1.621621621637.83783783787.02702702717.837837837828.10810810812.70270270274.8648648649t Stat-1.4382295561t Stat2.6489028921

P(T

CCV.CVC ResultsCCV.CVC stimuli do not constitute a problem for derivation.Equally co-dominated by 4-consonant kitel variants CVC.CVC (skeletally unfaithful, common in the lexicon) and CCV.CVC (skeletally faithful but non-existent in the lexicon).Reduplication is superfluous and appears only marginally.

Chart1

41.7391304348

3.4782608696

39.1304347826

6.9565217391

6.9565217391

1.7391304348

derivation strategies for CCV.'CVC (n=115 out of 120)

Sheet1

-'

5933453972331555555555533 11

7922272991226222726426272 2iyn11333100211

1777751637315161637613331 3any2466600240

3444144934445444114244444 4uyy11711030231

4426664266676666646166626 5iyn11633100241

1515555911556551555755555 61

3373363373547325741227337 7onn1236291241

3114571937251556611357611 " 8unn3258113230

4445744414452424254446422 9inn01315311241

6966666696697666667496376 10eny01513001200

2944169991462494344444444 111

5196622721695666566155655 12iny0316903221

6515556655521521115335533 13oyy02450112241

4427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn0665412240

4947922574979424536224643 15uny0252362200

4476436942212444427744474 161

6266954942396216726713759 17onn2225243200

1117451512197244324545174 18iyy3664301230

1721247922922927227252235 -19any10212141210

6617739611127114167161666 20eny1179401230

1713721912116713141111611 210

-'

515555555551555155155551 221

555525355656126547625655 23oyy13151121240

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn21900200231

914929997114994179195415 25uny1402062150

677777967672777646666622 26iny09131000230

557555954555564555255595 271

261212925552225726551457 28ayn2782103230

512543532711231155356211 29eyy1467411241

412536245111425544654511 30inn1636620240

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy2355250220

552674352452555295755555 321

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn0774501240

322466964141664516616461 34inn0915512230

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212221922146112627311221 420

-'

551535914151515695551155 430

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#6329915019215512575105932

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222622932224222662122222

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31366499536466432142354281422-

82129-

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37752292545422564224252471825-

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121527-

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4848484848484848484848484848484848484848484848486.878787878812.227272727319.0909090909

0.08072916672.55110927013.32725553134.9852930559

Sheet2

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

-'

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

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222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

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922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny117940123

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyy1171103023

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#63299150192155125751059

%5.949008498628.234183191714.16430594918.130311614714.636449480611.80358829087.0821529745

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

331211300256400201830601263a13.450292397715.789473684215.789473684223.391812865515.20467836266.4327485389.9415204678

1312126152211191120105101413981216141313615299e5.113636363622.159090909118.181818181819.886363636421.02272727274.54545454559.0909090909

8326966703416126671161353614150i2.989130434845.380434782610.054347826114.40217391320.38043478261.9021739134.8913043478

110822445310334348139410101241811192o6.779661016913.559322033914.689265536716.3841807915.084745762737.28813559326.2146892655

2213113212192821941011451402082155u4.790419161725.149700598816.766467065920.95808383234.790419161719.76047904197.7844311377

1258104613112608155638074731256.624627874924.407604401715.096274458919.004523007613.296601068513.98579832637.584570862100

434642112121093123242441075katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

51005032411059124120305101193

484848484848484848484848484848484848484848484848

CV.'CVC

933453972331555555555533 17111100222

476436942212444427744474 162411400021

551535914151515695551155 431012700121

515555555551555155155551 220019500024

552674352452555295755555 322113400222

1266621005110

%10.90909090915.45454545456019.0909090909004.5454545455

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

646664966667647446764774 370070160023

212221922146112627311221 420082112023

911921727121229141111212 480011082021

713721912116713141111611 210013235023

222222122122217172211122 580070152024

0046453110114

%0040.3508771933.508771929846.49122807029.6491228070

245411444444441444244444 532000101821

515555911556551555755555 60411001723

944169991462494344444444 110100001314

557555954555564555255595 270011211722

392771977774774777277777 630200211621

27225281101

%1.98019801986.93069306931.98019801981.98019801984.95049504951.980198019880.198019802

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

a

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

#23272740261117171

%13.450292397715.789473684215.789473684223.391812865515.20467836266.4327485389.9415204678

ekatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny117940123

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

#939323537816176

%5.113636363622.159090909118.181818181819.886363636421.02272727274.54545454559.0909090909

ikatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#11167375375718368

%2.989130434845.380434782610.054347826114.40217391320.38043478261.9021739134.8913043478

okatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

#1224262996611177

%6.779661016913.559322033914.689265536716.3841807915.084745762737.28813559326.2146892655

ukatalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#842283583313167

%4.790419161725.149700598816.766467065920.95808383234.790419161719.76047904197.7844311377

katalhiktilkitelkitlelktilelktoleliktel

intransitive

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny11794012348445882115

445744414452424254446422 9inn013153112441.73913043483.478260869639.13043478266.95652173916.95652173911.7391304348

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024kirtelkirtlelkritelkritlelkrotelkrotlel

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

#3611863105946034510

%7.058823529423.13725490212.352941176520.588235294118.43137254911.76470588246.6666666667

transitive

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#271818787616541549

%4.918032786932.969034608415.846994535515.846994535511.111111111111.8397085617.4681238616

hiktil non-exist

196161997113331671521792 -36ann812330320

444142995292599753422421 51ann162630119

261212925552225726551457 28ayn278210323

553561995627246615235375 56ayn734232122

554469994967414144393446 49enn320192219

596151922956237729637226 52enn340362220

776672226225265172577657 -33eyn077450124

667225925553765672636727 57eyn055250623

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

373363373547325741227337 7onn123629124

266954942396216726713759 17onn222524320

294244145445211423644262 38oyn193226023

555537665161525253213533 " 55oyn135309324

114571937251556611357611 " 8unn325811323

495332995952445944521454 47unn107306219

591133965161133373333345 41uyn0102513122

444144934445444114244444 4uyn1171103023

#391547486705039512

%7.617187530.07812514.45312516.79687513.6718759.7656257.6171875

hiktil exist

777751637315161637613331 3any246660024

721247922922927227252235 -19any1021214121

695973931475235639625251 39ayy221533420

791563335194747176144773 62ayy042462422

966666696697666667496376 10eny0151300120

617739611127114167161666 20eny117940123

512543532711231155356211 29eyy146741124

216737615496512651261561 59eyy116643223

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

111115611297192611161316 35ony1241113022

937931992555195945699121 45ony514212116

515556655521521115335533 13oyy0245011224

555525355656126547625655 23oyy1315112124

947922574979424536224643 15uny025236220

914929997114994179195415 25uny140206215

454117992417117465764276 "31uyy235525022

615341945565233554156551 60uyy043913323

#2312875105857236524

%4.389312977124.42748091614.312977099220.038167938916.221374045813.74045801536.8702290076

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

#37013335259185

%1.621621621637.83783783787.02702702717.837837837828.10810810812.70270270274.8648648649

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#89724202329183

%4.371584699553.005464480913.114754098410.928961748612.56830601091.09289617494.9180327869

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

#69119312767187

%3.208556149748.663101604310.160427807516.57754010714.43850267383.20855614973.743315508

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#576182248111181

%2.762430939241.98895027629.944751381212.154696132626.51933701660.55248618786.0773480663

445744414452424254446422 9inn0131531124

412536245111425544654511 30inn163662024

322466964141664516616461 34inn091551223

212622226275626157354652 54inn192451224

#237720195595

%2.105263157938.94736842117.368421052621.0526315789205.26315789475.2631578947

196622721695666566155655 12iny031690322

677777967672777646666622 26iny0913100023

222222122296122724792222 44iny1162120022

496636446465666756563664 46iny0523120123

#133613330490

%1.111111111136.66666666676.666666666714.444444444436.666666666704.4444444444

922272991226222726426272 2iyn1133310021

426664266676666646166626 5iyn1163310024

427346772217666632722336 " 14iyn066541224

666656967665667666666666/ 24iyn2190020023

#454121181292

%4.34782608758.695652173913.043478260911.95652173918.69565217391.08695652172.1739130435

117451512197244324545174 18iyy366430123

667636993636366666366666 40iyy0160051022

351633333731255125511222 50iyy175550124

196166966116363166666656 61iyy0141020522

#443129151791

%4.395604395647.252747252713.18681318689.890109890116.48351648351.09890109897.6923076923

63299150192155125751059

0

Sheet2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CV.'CVC (n=110 out of 120)

Sheet3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for VC.'CVC (n=101 out of 120)

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

derivation strategies for CCeC (n=176 out of 192)

iktel9.1%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCaC (n=171 out of 192)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCoC (n=177 out of 192)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCuC (n=167 out of 192)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCiC (n=368 out of 384)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCVC (n=1059 out of 1152)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCVC (corrected )

0

0

0

0

0

0

derivation strategies for CCV.'CVC (n=115 out of 120)

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79272292277252572222223261iyy0141020522

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446314921