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Routing Optimization of AVB Streams in TSN Networks Sune Mølgaard Laursen 1 , Paul Pop 1 and Wilfried Steiner 2 1 Technical University of Denmark 2 TTTech Computertechnik AG, Vienna, Austria

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Page 1: Routing Optimization of AVB Streams in TSN Networkspaupo/publications/Sune-Molgaard...§ The AVB stream routes are determined such that the AVB streams meet their timing constraints,

RoutingOptimizationofAVBStreamsinTSNNetworks

SuneMølgaardLaursen1,PaulPop1 andWilfriedSteiner21TechnicalUniversityofDenmark2TTTechComputertechnik AG,Vienna,Austria

Page 2: Routing Optimization of AVB Streams in TSN Networkspaupo/publications/Sune-Molgaard...§ The AVB stream routes are determined such that the AVB streams meet their timing constraints,

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Outline§ Motivation§ TimeSensitiveNetworking(TSN)

§ Architectureandapplicationmodels§ Problemformulationandmotivationalexample

§ Optimizationstrategy:GRASP§ Experimentalresults

§ Summaryandmessage

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Motivation

Safety-criticalcommunication

protocols

Trend:Deterministic

Ethernet

ThewiredprotocoloftheIndustrialInternetofThingsIEEE802.1standardsforreal-timeandsafety-criticalapplicationsinprocesscontrol,industrialautomation,audioandvideosystems,vehiclesandaerospace

1 Page

Copyright © TTTech Computertechnik AG. All rights reserved.

Ensuring Reliable Networks

TTEthernet voll in Bewegung Für den Einsatz in Automobilen, Zügen, Flugzeugen und in der Raumfahrt wurden in der Vergangenheit viele spezielle Bussysteme entwickelt, welche die Anforderungen in diesen Anwendungsbereichen besonders gut erfüllen. Für artfremde Aufgaben sind diese Bussysteme zumeist weniger gut geeignet. Über Jahre hinweg wurden daher in vielen Anwendungen mehrere Bussysteme parallel verwendet. Diese Heterogenität soll eingedämmt werden. Ein 40 Jahre altes Netzwerk verspricht Abhilfe: Ethernet.

Ethernet wurde Anfang der 70er Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts erfunden. Durch die rasante Vernetzung der Personal Computer und der Verbreitung des Internet erfuhr Ethernet eine explosionsartige Ausbreitung. Rasch verdrängte Ethernet konkurrierende Netzwerke, wurde laufend weiterentwickelt und ist in unserem heutigen Umfeld allgegenwärtig.

In den letzten Jahren wurden neue Ethernet-Varianten vor allem für den Einsatz in der Automatisierung von Maschinen und Produktionsanlagen vorgestellt. Auf diese Weise sollen Büro und Industrie noch enger zusammenwachsen. Aber auch in sicherheitskritischen Anlagen, in der Energieverteilung, in Autos, Zügen, Flugzeugen und Raumschiffen verspricht der Einsatz von Ethernet viel Potenzial für neue Anwendungen, Vereinfachung und Kostenersparnis.

Specializedprotocols inseveralareas:Vehicles:CAN,FlexRayAvionics:SAFEBusFactories:ProfiNet

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WhatisTimeSensitiveNetworking(TSN)?§ IEEE802.1Ethernetstandardenhanced forsafety-criticalandreal-timeapplications

§ IEEE802.1BA AudioVideoBridgingSystems§ IEEE802.1Qav ForwardingandQueuing EnhancementsforTime-SensitiveStreams§ IEEE802.1AS TimingandSynchronization (basedonIEEE1588)§ IEEE802.1Qbv EnhancementsforScheduledTraffic§ IEEE802.1Qbu FramePreemption

Gate Gate Gate Gate Gate

Transmission Selection

Time Aware Shaper

Gate Control List:

T000:01111111T001:00000000T002:10000000

…T125:10000000

TT 7 AVB A 6 AVB B 5 BE 4 BE 0

CBS CBS

§ Threetraffictypes:§ Time-Triggered(TT)

GCL:GateControlLists(synchronizedscheduletables)

§ Audio-VideoBridging(AVB)ShapedtoprovideguaranteesandpreventthestarvingofBECBS:CreditBasedShaper

§ BestEffort(BE)Regularnonreal-timetraffic

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Architectureandapplicationmodels

BR1 BR4BR2

BR3 ES4

ES5

ES2 ES3

ES6

ES1

ES7

physicalconnection

route

dp2

dp1

dataflow path

r1

Architecture

§ AVBstreamsSAVB§ Endpoints, Size,PeriodandDeadline

§ TTstreamsSTT§ Routeandscheduletables(GCL)

§ BE:Notexplicitlymodelled

Application

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Problemformulation§ Given

§ ThetopologyoftheTSNnetworkG(E,V)§ ThesetofAVBstreamsSAVB(endpoints,size,period,deadline)§ ThesetofTTstreamsSTT(routing,GateControlLists)

§ Determine§ AroutingforeachAVBstream

§ Suchthat§ TheWorst-Caseend-to-endDelays(WCD)ofAVBstreamsaresmallerthantheirdeadlines

§ TheWCDsandthe“networkutilization”areminimized

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Motivationalexample

Streams:• 𝑠" AVBA51%

𝐸𝑆" → 𝐸𝑆&• 𝑠' AVBA22%

𝐸𝑆) → 𝐸𝑆*, 𝐸𝑆&• 𝑠* AVBA31%

𝐸𝑆, → 𝐸𝑆'

• 𝑠& TT25%

• 25%isleftforBE

ShortestPathRouting

BR1 B4BR2

BR3 ES4

ES5

ES2 ES3

ES6

ES1

ES7

51%+31% >75%

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Motivationalexample,cont.

Streams:• 𝑠" AVBA51%

𝐸𝑆" → 𝐸𝑆&• 𝑠' AVBA22%

𝐸𝑆) → 𝐸𝑆*, 𝐸𝑆&• 𝑠* AVBA31%

𝐸𝑆, → 𝐸𝑆'

• 𝑠& TT25%

• 25%isleftforBE

BR1 B4BR2

BR3 ES4

ES5

ES2 ES3

ES6

ES1

ES7

OptimizedRouting

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Optimizationstrategy§ Search-SpaceReduction

§ Generateallthepossibleroutes fortheAVBstreamsusing“KShortestPaths”:§ Kunique routesofincreasing length, startingfromtheshortest route

§ Problem:selecting arouteforeachAVBstreamfromthisgeneratedset

§ GRASPonthereducedspace§ GreedyRandomized AdaptiveSearchProcedure

§ Meta-heuristicthatsearchesforasolution thatoptimizes theCostFunction

§ Twophases:§ Phase1:Constructsa“GreedyRandomized”initialsolution

Selectrandomlyastreamatatime,andtryanumberorroutes,keepingthebestone

§ Phase2:Uses“LocalSearch”(“HillClimbing”)toimprovethe initialsolution

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Optimizationstrategy:costfunction§ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑅 = 𝑂" 𝑅 3 𝑊" + 𝑂' 𝑅 3 𝑊' + 𝑂* 𝑅 3 𝑊*

§ 𝑂":ThenumberofAVBstreamsexceedingtheirdeadlines§ WeuseaWorst-Caseend-to-endDelay(WCD)analysis

§ Thispaper:extended“AVBLatencyMath”(unsafe,pessimistic)§ Ongoingwork:NetworkCalculus

§ IfallAVBstreamsmeettheirdeadlines, firsttermiszero,otherwiseweusealargepenaltyvalue𝑊"

§ 𝑂':WCDvaluesareminimized§ IfallAVBstreamsmeettheirdeadlines,wepreferasolution whereWCDsaresmaller

§ 𝑂*:TotalnumberofdatalinksusedfortheAVBstreams§ IfallAVBstreamsmeettheirdeadlines,wepreferasolution thatuseslessdatalinksforrouting

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Experimentalresults

§ Algorithms§ SFS:StraightforwardSolution,usesshortestroutes§ RO:OurRoutingOptimizationstrategy

§ Results§ 𝑂":ThenumberofAVBstreamsexceedingtheirdeadlines§ 𝑂*:TotalnumberofdatalinksusedfortheAVBstreams

MOTIV&SYNTH:synthetictestcases

ORION:OrionCEVspacecasestudy

ABB:MeshnetworkforIndustry4.0

§ Setup:𝛼 = 𝐾/2 ,𝛽 = 𝑺=>? and𝐾 = 50,𝑊" = 10,000,𝑊' = 3 and𝑊* = 1§ JavaprograminglanguageonInteli7-2600K(15min.timelimit)

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Summaryandmessage

§ Summary§ WehaveaddressedtheoptimizationoftheTSNprotocol§ TheAVBstreamroutesaredeterminedsuchthattheAVBstreamsmeettheirtimingconstraints, theWCDsandthenetworkutilizationareminimized

§ WehaveproposedaGRASPbasedoptimization solution thatuses“KShortestPaths”toreducethesearchspace

§ Message§ Configuration andanalysistoolsareareneededforTSN§ Toolscanhelptoanswer“Whatif?”questionsduring thedevelopment ofTSN