rosids – part 2: eurosids i - fabales & rosales spring 2010
TRANSCRIPT
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Rosids – Part 2:Eurosids I - Fabales & Rosales
Spring 2010
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“Lower”Core tricolpates
Rosids
(Eurosids II)
(Eurosids I)
“Basal” rosids
Figure 9.3 from the textFigure 9.3 from the text
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Core Eudicots: Rosids“Basal” Rosids:
Order Vitales Eurosids I (Fabids):
Order Malpighiales Order Cucurbitales Order Fabales Order Rosales Order Fagales Order Myrtales
Eurosids II (Malvids): Order Brassicales Order Malvales Order Sapindales
Lecture 1
Lecture 2
Lecture 4(after spring break!)
Lecture 3
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Core Eudicots: The Rosids Lecture 2“Basal” Rosids:
Order VitalesEurosids I (Fabids):
Order MalpighialesOrder CucurbitalesOrder Fabales
Fabaceae – Beans Order Rosales
Rosaceae – Roses Ulmaceae – Elms Moraceae – Figs
Order FagalesOrder Myrtales
Eurosids II (Malvids)
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Eurosids I:
Fabales: Fabaceae(The Legume Family)
• Nearly cosmopolitan• Herbs, vines, trees, shrubs with usually alternate, pinnately to palmately
compound leaves• Diversity: 18,000 species in 630 genera – THIRD LARGEST FAMILY of
angiosperms• Flowers: a short, cup-like hypanthium present; sepals & petals usually 5,
more commonly connate; petals all alike or the uppermost 1 differentiated (banner), the lower 2 forming a keel or flaring apart; stamens usually 10, if connate then monadelphous or diadelphous; carpel 1, on a short stalk (gynophore); fruit is a legume (Duh!) but sometimes modified
• Significant features: High nitrogen metabolism w/ unusual amino acids, often with root nodules with N-fixing bacteria; leaf and leaflet pulvinuses well developed; endosperm often lacking; wide range of floral diversity; 3 subfamilies but 1 is not monophyletic
• Special uses: Many!! Beans, peas, peanuts, soybean, clover, ornamentals (Mimosa, Bauhinia); lumber, dyes, resins
• Required taxa: Glycine, Trifolium, Mimosa, Cercis, Gleditsia
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Fabaceae vegetative characters
root nodules pulvinus
pinnately to palmately compound leaves
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Fabaceae floral charactersDiadelphous stamens: 9 + 1
Parietal placentation
Perigynous flower, short hypanthium
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Fabaceae fruit and seed characters
non-endospermous seeds
legumes,loments,
etc.
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Table 9.2 from the text: Subfamilies of Fabaceae
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Fabaceae: Mimosoideae
Actinomorphictubular flowers in heads
many stamens, not fused
Albizia julibrissinmimosa, silktree
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Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Mimosa
-woody or herbaceous-often armed (with prickles)-leafstalk without glands-flowers in heads or rarely racemes or spikes-stamens 10 or fewer-fruits
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Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae
Senna obtusifoliasicklepod
pulvinus
Stamens not fused-10 or fewer
zygomorphic flower
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Fabaceae: “Cesalpinoideae”: Cercis
Cercis canadensis - redbud
-unarmed-leaves simple, palmately veined-flowers clustered, appearing before leaves-corolla rose to pink-purple
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Fabaceae: “Caesalpinioideae”: Gleditsia
-armed (with thorns)-leaves 1- or 2-pinnate-flowers small, unisexual or bisexual-staminate inflorescences catkin-like, pendent-fertile inflorescences with bisexual or carpellate flowers
Honey locust
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Fabaceae: Faboideae
Crotalaria spectabilis
showy rattleboxbacterial root nodule
monadelphous stamensor more
commonlydiadelphous
stamens
Petals unequal:•banner•wings•keel
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Fabaceae: Faboideae
Crotalaria spectabilisshowy rattlebox
Petals unequal:
•banner
•wings
•keel
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Fabaceae: Faboideae: Glycine
-leaves pinnately 3-foliolate-inflorescence a raceme-stamens diadelphous-seeds few per pod
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Fabaceae: Faboideae: Trifolium
-leaves palmately (or pinnately) foliolate with usually 3 leaflets-inflorescences racemose but often appearing head-like-stamens diadelphous-fruits enclosed by the persistent corolla-seeds 1-6 per pod
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Eurosids I:
Rosales: Rosaceae(The Rose Family)
• Cosmopolitan, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere• Herbs, shrubs or trees (75% woody plants)• Diversity: 3,000 species in 90 genera• Flowers: Showy, actinomorphic, hypanthium present;
sepals 5; petals 5; stamens usually numerous; carpels 1 to many; ovary can be superior, inferior, or half-superior (perigynous); fruit can be a follicle, achene, pome, drupe, or associated with expanded receptacle
• Significant features: Wide range of fruit evolution within family; leaves alternate, stipules present
• Special uses: Fruits (apples, pears, berries), ornamental herbs, trees, and shrubs; lumber, perfumery
• Required taxa: Rosa, *Rubus, Prunus, Malus
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Rosaceae: Rosa
-shrubs, often prickly-leaves pinnately compound-ovary superior-hypanthium + globose and fleshy, contracted at the mouth-carpels numerous-fruit an achene
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Rosaceae: Rubus
-herbaceous to shrubby, usually with prickles-leaves often compound with 3 to 7 leaflets-carpels usually numerous, borne on an elongate receptacle-fruit a drupelet, forming an aggregate fruit (blackberries and raspberries)
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Rosaceae: Prunus-trees or shrubs-bark with prominent horizontal lenticels-ovary superior-carpel solitary-fruit a drupe, endocarp stony
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Rosaceae: Malus
-trees with simple leaves-ovary inferior, with 5 carpels-mature carpels papery or softly leathery-fruit a pome, lacks stone cells
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Eurosids I:
Rosales: Ulmaceae(The Elm Family)
• Widely distributed; maximal diversity in temperate regions of N. Hemisphere
• Trees with alternate, 2-ranked leaves• Diversity: 40 species in 6 genera• Flowers: Small, inconspicuous; tepals 4-9; stamens
4-9; carpels 2, connate, superior ovary; fruit a samara or nutlet, seeds flat
• Significant features: Leaves simple with pinnate venation, margins simply or doubly serrate, blade base asymmetrical; endosperm of a single layer
• Special uses: Elms provide lumber; some trees used as ornamentals
• Required taxa: Ulmus
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Eurosids I:
Rosales: Moraceae(The Fig Family)
• Widespread, from tropical to temperate regions• Trees, shrubs, or vines (sometimes herbs)• Diversity: 1,500 species in 53 genera• Flowers: Unisexual, inconspicuous; tepals 0-4 or 5
(-8); carpels usually 2, connate, superior ovary; inflorescences cymose, highly modified, compact, receptacle expanded; fruit is a drupe, often in a multiple fruit structure (syconium).
• Significant features: laticifers/latex throughout the plant
• Special uses: figs (Ficus), mulberries (Morus), breadfruit (Artocarpus), ornamentals, e.g. osage orange (Maclura)
• Required taxa: Ficus
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Moraceae
Ficus carica – Cultivated Fig
Morus rubra - Mulberry
Maclura pomifera Osage orange
Artocarpus
Dorstenia
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Moraceae: Ficus-shrubs or trees-connate stipules enclosing the terminal buds-leaves with entire margins-flowers minute, borne inside the syconium-wasp-pollinated
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Moraceae – The Fig and The Fig Wasp
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Cannabaceae:
The Hemp/Hop
Family• Related to the Elm (Ulmaceae), Mulberry (Moraceae) and Stinging Nettle (Urticaceae) families.
• Wind-pollinated.
• Family with 2 genera:
Cannabis – 1 (2) species.
C. sativa [hemp; marijuana]
Humulus – 2 (3) species
H. japonicus – Japanese hop
H. lupulus – brewing hop