romanesque in european countries - final report

7/25/2019 Romanesque in European Countries - Final Report

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ROMANESQUE IN EUROPEANCOUNTRIESPRESENTED BY: HADUCA, GOBIS, & ACORIBA

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2


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ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

Romanesque architectureis the term that is use t! es"ri#ethe ar"hite"ture !$ Eur!%e hi"h emer'e i( the )ate *+th"e(tur a( e-!)-e i(t! the G!thi" st)e uri(' the *2th"e(tur.

The R!ma(es/ue st)e i( E(')a( is m!re traiti!(a)) re$erret! as N!rma( ar"hite"ture.

The st)e "a( #e ie(ti0e ri'ht a"r!ss Eur!%e ith "ertai(si'(i0"a(t ar"hite"tura) $eatures !""urri(' e-erhere. Thereare !ther "hara"teristi" hi"h i1er 'reat) $r!m re'i!( t!re'i!(.

!st !$ the #ui)i('s that are sti)) sta(i(' are "hur"hes, s!me!$ hi"h are -er )ar'e a##e "hur"hes a( "athera)s. Thema3!rit !$ these are sti)) i( use, s!me !$ them ha-i(' #ee(su#sta(tia)) a)tere !-er the "e(turies.


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FEATURES WHICH ARE RE'IONALL()IERSIFIE)

These $eatures !$te( ha-e str!(' )!"a) a( re'i!(a) traiti!(s. H!e-er,the m!-eme(t !$ se(i!r ")er', st!(emas!(s a( !ther "ra$tsme( mea(tthat these traiti!(a) $eatures are s!metimes $!u( at ista(t )!"ati!(s.

Gr!u( %)a( Fa"ae

P!siti!( a( (um#er !$ t!ers Sha%e !$ t!ers Prese("e a( sha%e !$ s%ires Sha%e !$ the east e( Sha%e !$ "!)um(s

Sha%e !$ %iers Bui)i(' materia) 7!"a) i-ersit i( e"!rati-e etai)s that as e%e(e(t !( )!"a)

"ra$tsme(.


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ROMANESQUE CHURCHES INITAL(

Characteristics

7ar'e "hur"hes !$te( ha-e #asi)i"a) $!rm, ith a%r!3e"ti(' a%se.

S!me )ar'e "hur"hes ha-e %r!3e"ti(' tra(se%ts as at

Pisa Cathera). T!ers are $reesta(i(' a( ma #e "ir"u)ar as at Pisa. 8i(!s are sma)). The $a9ae ta5es t! $!rms, that hi"h "!i("ies ith

the #asi)i"a se"ti!( !$ (a-e a( ais)es, as at PisaCathera) a( that hi"h s"ree(s the $!rm, su"h asSa( i"he)e, Pa-ia.


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The a)) sur$a"e a#!-e the ar"ae as "!-ere ithe"!rati-e mar#)e, m!sai" !r $res"!. Ga))eries su"has that at Pisa ere u("!mm!(, #ut !""ur i( "!(-e(t"hur"hes as (u(s 'a))eries.

O%e( tim#er r!!$s %re-ai)e. Ri##e -au)ts, he( use, are )ar'e, s/uare a(

!mi"a), s%a((i(' t! #as as at Sa( i"he)e, Pa-ia,

a( Basi)i"a !$ Sa(tAm#r!'i!.


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Freesta(i(' %!)'!(a) #a%tisteries ere"!mm!(, as at Parma Cathera) a( theBa%tister !$ Sa( Gi!-a((i, F)!re("e.

The )ar'e "hur"hes a( "athera)s !$ S!uther(Ita) a( Si"i) ere i(4ue("e # N!rma(ar"hite"ture, as at Tra(i Cathera) a( BariCathera) i( A%u)ia.

Chur"hes i( Si"i) ere i(4ue("e # Is)ami"ar"hite"ture, i( the em%)!me(t !$ the %!i(tear"h as at !(rea)e Cathera) a( Pa)erm!Cathera).


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

Pisa Cathera) a( "!m%)e6.

Tus"a(

Sa( Ga)'a(!, Tus"a(


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

Sa( ;e(!,


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

Bari Cathera)

The Chur"h !$ Sa(t Am#r!'i!, i)a(


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OTHER NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

Basi)i"a !$ Sa( ;e(!,


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ROMANESQUE CHURCHES INFRANCE

In*uences The $!u(ati!( !$ the Cister"ia( Orer i( *+=> i(tr!u"e a sim%)i"it !$ esi'(

a( austerit !$ !r(ame(t. Par"ti"u)ar) i( the s!uth, the e6iste("e !$ R!ma( Stru"ture su"h as the P!(t u

Gar %)ae a %art i( the e-e)!%me(t !$ st!rie ar"aes a( !ther stru"tura)

$!rms. Bui)(' st!(e as reai) a-aia#)e, i(")ui(' hi'h 'rae )imest!(e suita#)e $!r

0(e "ar-i('. F!r mu"h !$ the %eri! N!rma( ere "!m%arati-e) )ar'e a( %!er$u)

%!)iti"a) u(it, a( e-e)!% "!(sist(t st)es that a1e"te mu"h !$ (!rther($ra("e.

S!uth !$ the 7!ire


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Characteristics 7ar'e "hur"hes !$ (!rther( ha-e #asi)i"a) $!rm !$ (a-e a( ais)es se%arate

# ar"aes. 7ar'e "hur"hes !$ s!uther( Fra("e ma #e ith!ut ais)es, as at A('!u)eme

Cathera). Chur"hes 'e(era)) ha-e tra(se%ts. The easter( e( !$te( ta5es the $!rm !$ a( a%se that is a)m!st as hi'h as

the a))s. The hi'h a%se as i("reasi(') surr!u(e # a( am#u)at!r a( )ater

R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes ha-e a $u)) e-e)!%e "he-et ith raiati(' "ha%e)s. The $a9ae ta5es t! $!rms, that ith t! )ar'e t!ers, su"h as that at

Sai(t@Etie((e, Cae(, a( the s"ree( $!rm ith t! sma)) 4a(5i(' turrets, asat A('!u)eme Cathera).

There are !$te( three %!rta)s, as at the A##e !$ )a Tri(it, Cae(, )e$t Fa9ae e"!rati!( is ri"h a( -arie, ith the "e(tra) %!rta) #ei(' the ma3!r

$eature.


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7ar'e s"u)%ture %!rta)s are a isti('uishi(' $eature !$ Fre("hR!ma(es/ue. The %!rta) is ee%) re"esse a( the 3am#s set ithsha$ts a( m!u)i('s. The t%i"a)) ha-e )i(te)s, su%%!rti(' atm%a(um "ar-e i( hi'h re)ie$.

I( the *2th "e(tur, ")i(ri"a) %iers ith C!ri(thia( st)e "a%ita)s

"ame i(t! use. A %atter( !$ three sta'es: -au)t, ar"ae a( ")erest!r as

esta#)ishe i( the **th "e(tur. as!(r -au)ts ere %re$erre $!r )ar'er "hur"hes, a( ere

i(itia)) #arre) !r 'r!i( -au)ts, !$te( ith ar"hes s%a((i(' the (a-e

#etee( the -au)ts.


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

The Chur"h !$ the A##e !$ )a Tri(it, Cae( sh!s thee-e)!%me(t !$ the ti(@t!er a(

tri%)e@%!rta) $a9ae.

A('!u)eme Cathera) sh!s a

turrete s"ree( $a"ae hi"h 'i-es)itt)e i(i"ati!( !$ the #ui)i('s $!rm

a( is t%i"a) !$ s!uther( Fra("e.


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ROMANESQUE CHURCHES IN ,RITAIN AN)IRELAN)

In*uences The Pre@r!ma(es/ue traiti!( !$ ar"hite"ture as Sa6!(. The thi"5@a))e

aise)ess "hur"hes ha ar"ha )eai(' i(t! re"ta('u)ar "ha((e)s. Be))t!ers !$te( ha a( atta"he "ir"u)ar stair turret. 8i(!s ere !$te(ar"he !r ha tria('u)ar heas.

!(esteries ere esta#)ishe i( 8a)es, S"!t)a( a( Ire)a(,su%%ressi(' )!"a) Ce)ti" m!(asti" traiti!(.

a( "atherra)s ere !$ m!(asti" $!u(ati!( ser-i(' a ua) r!)e,hi"h a1e"te their ar"hite"ture, i( %arti"u)ar the e6te(e )e('th !$the "h!ir a( tra(se%ts

There as a 'reat i-ersit !$ #ui)i(' st!(e i(")ui(' )imest!(es, NeRe Sa(st!(es, 4i(t a( 'ra(ite.

I( E(')a(, the re)ati-e %!)iti"a) sta#i)it )e t! )ar'e i!"ese ith $e#ish!%s. Cathera)s ere "!rres%!(i(') $e i( (um#er a( )ar'e i(s"a)e


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The C)imate )e t! the "!(stru"ti!( !$ )!(' (a-es t!$a"i)itate %r!"essi!(s i( et eather.

O$ the meie-a) "athera)s, (ear) a)) ere"!mme("e i( this %eri! a( se-era) ha-eremai(e su#sta(tia)) N!rma( Stru"tures.

a( Parish "hur"hes ere "!mme("e at this%eri!.

The a##e "hur"hes su1ere estru"ti!(s at thetime !$ the Diss!)uti!( !$ the !(asteries i( ear)*th Ce(tur a( the ma3!rit ere reu"ti!( t!rui(s, s!me sur-i-i(' as %arish "hur"hes.


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Characteristics The N!rma( $a"aes !$ "athera)s a( )ar'e a##es $!))! the t!

#asi" $!rms $!u( i( Fra("e, that ith %aire t!ers as at S!uthe))i(ster a( that ith $rami(' turrets as at R!"hester Cathera).

Sie %!r"hes are "!mm!( a( are !$te( the usua)) m!e !$

e(tra("e, the ester( %!rta) !() #ei(' !%e(e $!r ma3!r $esti-a)s. B)i( ar"ai(' is use as a ma3!r e"!rati-e $eature, !$te( ar!u(

i(ter(a) a))s. 8i(!s are "!m%arati-e) )ar'e a( ma #e arra('e i( tiers as i(

the tra(se%ts !$ Peter#!r!u'h Cathera). Paire i(!s !""ur i(

t!ers. Na-es !$ "athera)s a( a##e "hur"hes are !$ 'reat )e('th, a(

tra(se%ts are !$ str!(' %r!3e"ti!(. Cha("e)s !$ "athera)s a( a##e "hur"hes are a)s! -er )!('.


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7ar'e "e(tra) t!ers are "hara"teristi", as at Te5es#ur A##ea( N!ri"h Cathera).

a( r!u( t!ers !""ur i( Ire)a(. The are a)s! $!u( i( Sa6!(Pre@R!ma(es/ue ar"hite"ture i( E(')a( as stair t!ers atta"het! )ar'er t!ers !$ s/uare %)a(.

The (a-e rises i( three sta'es, ar"ae, 'a))er a( ")erest!r. The ar"ae has t! $!rms: ar"hes resti(' !( )ar'e ")i(ri"a)

mas!(r "!)um(s as at G)!u"ester a( Here$!r Cathera)s, a(ar"hes s%ri('i(' $r!m "!m%!site %iers as at Peter#!r!u'h a( E)Cathera)s. Durham Cathera) has a)ter(ati(' %iers a( "!)um(s.

Cr%ts are 'r!i( -au)te, as at Ca(ter#ur Cathera). Barre) -au)ts are rare, e6am%)es #ei(' St !h(s Cha%e), T!er !$

7!(!( a( se-era) *2th "e(tur m!(asti" "hur"hes i( Ire)a(i(")ui(' C!rma"s Cha%e) a( St F)a((a(s !rat!r.


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

C!rma"s Cha%e), R!"5 !$ Cashe),Ire)a(, ith its stee%) %it"he r!!$

a( #a(s !$ #)i( ar"ai(' mai(tai(sa isti("t) Irish "hara"ter.

Peter#!r!u'h Cathera), the three@sta'e (a-e **@ has %iers !$

!-!i se"ti!( ith atta"he sha$ts.8hi)e the $!rms are t%i"a)) N!rma(,the )e('th is 'reater tha( $!u( i(N!rma(. The !!e( "ei)i(' is !ri'i(a).


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OTHER NOTAB7E BUI7DINGS

Durham Cathera), E(')a( Peter#!r!u'h Cathera), E(')a( E) Cathera), E(')a(

S!uthe)) Cathera), E(')a( Te5es#ur A##e, E(')a( St Barth!)!me@the@Great, 7!(!(, E(')a( i)%e"5 Chur"h, E(')a( The 7e%er Cha%e), Cam#ri'e, E(')a( Du($erm)i(e A##e, S"!t)a( C!rma"s Cha%e), Ire)a(


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ROMANESQUE CHURCHES IN SPAIN- PORTU'ALAN) AN)ORRA

In*uences Pri!r t! the #e'i((i(' !$ the %eri!, the 'reater %art !$ the

I#eria( Pe(i(su)a as ru)e # us)ims, ith Christia( ru)ers"!(tr!))i(' !() a stri% at the (!rth !$ the "!u(tr.

B =++ the Re"!(/uista ha i("rease the area u(er Christia(ru)e t! a#!ut !(e thir !$ I#eria. This e6%a(e t! a#!ut ha)$the area # **+ a( i(")ue Ga)i"ia, 7e!(, Casti))e, Na-arre,Ara'!(, Cata)!(ia a( P!rtu'a).

R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes are )!"ate i( the (!rther( ha)$ !$ the

%e(i(su)a, ith a (um#er !""urri(' i( A-i)a hi"h as re@esta#)ishe a( $!rti0e ar!u( **++ a( T!)e! i( "e(tra)S%ai( $r!m *+=>.

a( sma)) Pre@R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes ere esta#)ishe i( the*+th "e(tur ith isti("ti-e )!"a) "hara"teristi"s i(")ui('-au)ts, h!rsesh!e ar"hes, a( r!se i(!s !$ %ier"e st!(e.

a( Be(ei"ti(e m!(asteries ere esta#)ishe i( S%ai( #
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regional_characteristics_of_Romanesque_churcheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regional_characteristics_of_Romanesque_churches


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!st !$ the area has a#u(a(t #ui)i(' st!(e,'ra(ite, )imest!(e, Re Sa(st!(e a(-!)"a(i" ru##)e.

There as )itt)e tim#er, s! it as uses%ari(') $!r r!!$s. The (!rther( %art !$ the re'i!( is !tte ith

(umer!us sma)) "hur"hes su"h as th!se !$

A(!rra a( the


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Characteristics It is "hara"teristi" !$ #!th "athera)s a( )ar'e a##e "hur"hes

that the ha-e ma( a""reti!(s !$ i1ere(t %eri!s,%arti"u)ar) 4a(5i(' "ha%e)s, i( )ater st)es, !$te( Bar!/ue.

!st "hur"hes are #ui)t !$ st!(e. I( areas here #ri"5 is use,T!)e!, Saha'K(, Cu))ar, the #ri"5s are simi)ar t! R!ma(#ri"5s. The e6teri!r !$ #ri"5 "hur"hes, %arti"u)ar) the a%ses,are e"!rate ith tiers !$ sha))! #)i( ar"ai(' a( s/uare@t!%%e (i"hes, as at the "hur"hes !$ Sa( Tirs! a( Sa(7!re(?!, Saha'K(

Sma)) "hur"hes a#!u( a"r!ss the area, usua)) ha-i(' a(ais)ess (a-e a( %r!3e"ti(' a%se a( a #e)) turret !( !(e 'a#)e.

7ar'er "hur"hes !$te( ha-e a ie turret e6te(i(' a"r!ss theu%%er $a"ae ith a 'a))er !$ !%e(i('s h!)i(' #e))s, as at a"aCathera)

Freesta(i(' t!ers ith i("reasi(' !%e(i('s i( ea"h sta'e,


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Sma)) "hur"hes are s!metimes #arre) -au)te a( are r!!$e ithst!(e s)a#s )i(' ire"t) !( the -au)t.

8ier s%a"es ha-e tim#er r!!$s !$ )! %r!0)e, as tim#er as s"ar"e. 7ar'er "hur"hes, ha-e #arre) -au)ts, s!metimes ith tra(s-erse ar"hes

mar5i(' the #as.

A##e "hur"hes !$ )ater Fre("h $!u(ati!( ha-e ri##e -au)ts. 7ar'er m!(asti" "hur"hes a( "athera)s ha-e (a-e a( ais)es a(

$!))! Fre("h %)a(s, i(")ui(' "he-ets as at A-i)a Cathera). The "r!ssi(' !$ a )ar'e "hur"h s!metimes has a( !"ta'!(a) t!er !r

!me su%%!rte !( s/ui("hes, as at Sa(ta aria, Ri%!)) a( theCathera) !$ Sa(ta aria Ur'e)) .

E6ter(a)), ma( )ar'e "hur"hes are $!rtress)i5e, su"h as 7is#!(Cathera) a( the O) Cathera) !$ C!im#ra i( P!rtu'a) a( theSi'Le(?a Cathera), S%ai(

R!se i(!s ith %ier"e tra"er simi)ar t! th!se that !""ur i( Pre@R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes !$ O-ie! are a $eature i( s!me $a"aes, su"h

as that at the !(aster !$ Sa(ta arJa e Arme(teira, Ga)i"ia.


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

The im%!si(' $a"ae !$7is#!( Cathera), P!rtu'a),

has a $!rtress@)i5e /ua)it

The "u%!)a !$ the Cathera)!$ ;am!ra has a ri##e st!(e-au)t a( 'i-es )i'ht t! the

"e(tre !$ the "hur"h


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

The Chur"h !$ Sa( 7!re(?! i( Saha'K(,7e!(, has the tiere a%ses a( 'a))erie

t!er !$ #ri"5 "hur"hes i( the re'i!(.

I(teri!r !$ the Cathera)

!$ Sa(tia'! e C!m%!ste)a, S%ai(, a ma3!r %i)'rima'e

esti(ati!(.


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The Cathera) !$ Sa(tia'! e C!m%!ste)a, S%ai( Sa(ta aria e Ri%!)) The Cathera) !$ Sa(ta aria Ur'e)), S%ai( a"a Cathera), S%ai( The ")!ister !$ the A##e !$ Sa(t! D!mi('! e Si)!s The Basi)i"a !$ Sa( Isi!r!, 7eM(, S%ai( The Cathera) !$ ;am!ra O) Cathera), Sa)ama("a 7is#!( Cathera), P!rtu'a) !(aster !$ Rates, P!rtu'a) The Cathera) !$ Sa(tia'! e C!m%!ste)a, S%ai(


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ROMANESQUE CHURCHES IN 'ERMAN(- ,EL'IUMAN) THE NETHERLAN)S

In*uences u"h !$ Germa(, Be)'ium, a( the Nether)a(s ere u(ite u(er

Char)ema'(e h! #ui)t a "ast)e !( the


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CharacteristicsThe m!st isti("ti-e "hara"teristi" !$ )ar'e R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes is the%re-a)e("e !$ a%ses at #!th e(s !$ the "hur"h, as !( =th "e(tur P)a( !$ St.Ga)), the ear)iest e6am%)e #ei(' at Ger(r!e A##e. T! reas!(s aresu''este: that the #ish!% %resie at !(e e( a( the a##!t at the !ther, !rthat the ester( a%se ser-e as a #a%tister.

The mai( %!rta) !$ a !u#)e@a%se "hur"h is i(t! the sie !$ the #ui)i(', a(ma #e ri"h) e"!rate ith "ar-i('.

B!th a%ses are 4a(5e # %aire t!ers. a( !$ the sma))er t!ers are"ir"u)ar, as at 8!rms Cathera). There ma #e (umer!us t!ers !$ -ariesha%es a( si?es.

The "r!ssi(' is 'e(era)) surm!u(te # a( !"ta'!(a) t!er, as at S%eerCathera). S%ires are !$ r!!$e tim#er rather tha( st!(e a( ta5e a -ariet !$ $!rms, them!st isti("ti-e #ei(' the Rhe(ish he)m. St!(e is s!metimes use $!rRhe(ish he)ms as at the easter( e( !$ the Basi)i"a !$ Our 7a, aastri"ht.


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The t!ers a( a%se !$ the ester( e( are !$te( i("!r%!ratei(t! a mu)ti@st!re ester5. These ester5s ta5e a 'reat-ariet !$ $!rms, $r!m a 4at $a9ae as at 7im#ur' Cathera), a 4at$a9ae ith %r!3e"ti(' a%se at St Gertrue, Ni-e))es a( a

re"ta('u)ar %r!3e"ti(' stru"ture !$ se-era) st!res that 3uts#e!( the t!ers as at St Ser-iatius, aastri"ht.

The tra(se%ts ! (!t %r!3e"t str!('). 8hee) i(!s, !"u)ar i(!s a( i(!s ith sim%)e

/uatre$!i) tra"er !$te( !""ur i( a%ses, as at 8!rms Cathera). 8!!e( r!!$s ere "!mm!(, ith a( a("ie(t %ai(te "ei)i('

retai(e at St i"hae)s, Hi)esheim. St!(e -au)ts ere use at a )ater ate tha( i( Fra("e, !""urri('

!-er the ais)es at S%eer i( a#!ut *++.


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

8!rms Cathera), Germa(,is a !u#)e@a%se "hur"h ith

a sie e(tra("e.

7aa"h A##e, Germa(, has a ester5that em!(strates the "are$u) massi('

a( #a)a("i(' !$ $!rms that is t%i"a)!$ R!ma(es/ue ar"hite"ture i( Germa(.


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

T!ur(ai Cathera), Be)'ium,the s!uth tra(se%t, is a#a)a("e "!m%!siti!( ithmu"h etai).

S%eer Cathera), Germa(,a( im%eria) "hur"h that set

the st)e $!r the re'i!(,

a( i(")ues a 'r!i( -au)t

!-er the (a-e.


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Aa"he( Cathera), Car!)i('ia( Ger(r!e A##e St. i"hae)s Chur"h, Hi)esheim C!))e'iate Chur"h !$ Sai(t Gertrue, Ni-e))es,

Be)'ium C!))e'iate Chur"h !$ St. Barth!)!me, 7ie'e, Be)'ium T!ur(ai Cathera), Be)'ium

Basi)i"a !$ Our 7a, aastri"ht, the Nether)a(s Basi)i"a !$ Sai(t Ser-atius, aastri"ht, theNether)a(s


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ROMANESQUE CHURCHES IN SCAN)INAIA

In*uences N!ra, See( a( De(mar5 ere se%arate 5i('!ms $!r mu"h !$ the %eri!. u"h !$ N!ra as u(ite $r!m the )ate =th "e(tur u(ti) *> u(er Har!) Ia( his su""ess!rs.

C(ut the Great #rie4 u(ite De(mar5, E(')a(, N!ra a( %arts !$ See( i(

the ear) **th "e(tur. i(' O)a$ II !$ N!ra, 5(!( as St O)a-, i mu"h t! e($!r"e Christia(it !( the


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Bish!% A#sa)!( $!u(e R!s5i)e Cathera) i( De(mar5 i( **> a( the "it!$ C!%e(ha'e( **+Q.

Ar"hite"tura) i(4ue("es "ame ith ")er' #r!u'ht $r!m E(')a( su"h asNi"h!)as Brea5s%eare, 7!m#ar a( Germa(. The i(4ue("e !$ E(')ishN!rma( ar"hite"ture is see( %arti"u)ar) i( N!ra at Niar!s Cathera),Tr!(heim, a( !$ Germa( R!ma(es/ue at 7u( Cathera), See(.

Be(ei"ti(e m!(5s $r!m Ita) i(tr!u"e the s5i)) !$ 0ri(' #ri"5s t! De(mar5. 8hi)e m!st "hur"hes ere i(itia)) #ui)t !$ tim#er, the )ar'er !(es ere

re%)a"e # st!(e, ith #ri"5 #ei(' the !mi(a(t materia) i( mu"h !$De(mar5 here #ui)i(' st!(e is s"ar"e.

Sma)) R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes are %)e(ti$u) a( are 'e(era)) i( re)ati-e)u("ha('e "!(iti!(. 7ar'e "hur"hes are rare a( are mu"h a)tere as atAarhus Cathera), 7u( Cathera) a( R!s5i)e Cathera).

N!ra has 2 !!e( sta-e "hur"hes $r!m this %eri!, ma5i(' u% a)) #utthree !$ the !r)s meie-a) !!e( "hur"hes.

I( See(, sur-i-i(' R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes are "!("e(trate mai() #ut (!te6")usi-e) t! three %r!-i("es: G!t)a(, S"a(ia a(


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Characteristics The !!e( sta-e "hur"hes !$ N!ra re%rese(t a t%e that as

!("e "!mm!( a"r!ss N!rther( Eur!%e, #ut e)sehere ha-e #ee(estr!e !r re%)a"e. The ha-e tim#er $rames, a))s !$ %)a(5s, a(shi(')e r!!$s hi"h are stee%) %it"he a( !-erha('i(' t! %r!te"t

the 3!i(ts !$ the #ui)i(' $r!m the eather. De(mar5 has se-e( r!tu(a "hur"hes, hi"h ha-e a "ir"u)ar (a-e,

i-ie i(t! se-era) st!res i(ter(a)), a( ha-e %r!3e"ti(' "ha("e)a( a%se as at B3er(ee Chur"h a( N)ars Chur"h. At ster)arsChur"h, the "ha("e) a( a%se are "!(stru"te as sma)) i(terse"ti('"ir")es. R!tu(a "hur"hes a)s! !""ur i( See( as at Ha'# Chur"h.

Bu)5 est t!ers ith ste%%e 'a#)es are t%i"a) !$ De(mar5 a(are $!u( !( sma))er "hur"hes as at H!r(e Chur"h, S#!r'Chur"h,a( Aa Chur"h, B!r(h!)m here the t!er has %aire "r!@ste%'a#)es at ea"h sie.


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I( De(mar5 the est t!er ma e6te( a"r!ss the h!)e ith !$ the"hur"h, $!rmi(' a ester5 as at Aa Chur"h a( H-i#3er' Chur"h, !rs,ith s!me su"h t!ers i("!r%!rati(' a )ar'e !%e( ar"ha ith stairs su"has at T!rri) Chur"h.

Sma)) st!(e "hur"hes i( N!ra a( See( ha-e a sh!rt ie (a-e,s/uare "ha("e), a( a%se a( a ester( t!er ith %ramia) shi(')e s%ire,

as at H!-e Chur"h, N!ra a( i((e-es Chur"h a(


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!st "hur"hes ha-e tim#er r!!$e (a-es, #ut ri##e -au)ti(' !-er sma))ers%a"es su"h as the "ha("e) is "!mm!(. S!me sma)) "hur"hes, su"h asar5a Chur"h i( See(, ha-e 'r!i( -au)ts. 7ar'er "hur"hes su"h as Ri#eCathera) are -au)te.

Ar"aes ma #e !$ sim%)e re"ta('u)ar %iers su"h as at Ri#e, De(mar5, !rrum "!)um(s su"h as at Sta-a('er Cathera), N!ra. 7u( Cathera) has

a)ter(ati(' re"ta('u)ar %iers a( %iers ith atta"he sha$ts hi"h su%%!rtthe -au)t.

Fu)) e-e)!%e R!ma(es/ue ar"aes !$ three sta'es !""ur i( "hur"hes #ui)tu(er E(')ish !r Germa( i(4ue("e as at Niar!s Cathera), Tr!(heim.

7ar'e "hur"hes ma ha-e %aire t!ers at the ester( e(, as ataria5ir5e(, Ber'e(.


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NOTA,LE ,UIL)IN'S

At Husa# Chur"h, See(,the massi-e t!er is $rame# r!u( turrets.

H!%%ersta Sta-e "hur"h,N!ra **+, !(e !$te(t@0-e remai(i('

$r!m the eie-a) %eri!.


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OTHER NOTA,LE CHURCHES

H!%%ersta Sta-e "hur"h, N!ra **+ B!r'u( Sta-e "hur"h, N!ra Aa Chur"h, B!r(h!)m, De(mar5, )ate *2th "e(tur B3er(ee Chur"h, De(mar5 ster)ars Chur"h, B!r(h!)m, De(mar5 H!r(e Chur"h, De(mar5


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ROMANESQUE CHURCHES IN POLAN)- AUSTRIA-HUN'AR( AN) THE C.ECH REPU,LIC

In*uences The remai(i(' #ui)i('s are $e i( (um#er a( the i(4ue("es are i-erse. P!)a( #e"ame Christia( u(er ies?5! I i( =, resu)ti(' i( the $!u(ati!( !$ the

0rst Pre@R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes, i(")ui(' 8ae) Cathera) i( ra5M, G(ie?(! a(P!?(aV Cathera)s.

Duri(' the %eri! =Q*2W> Austria as ru)e # mar'ra-es !$ the H!use !$Ba#e(#er'. T!(s a( m!(asteries ere esta#)ishe.

The R!ma(es/ue st)e as i(tr!u"e t! P!)a( $r!m Germa( ith the $!u(i('!$ the #ish!%ri" !$ G(ie?(! i( *+++.

I( Hu('ar, Ste%he( I #r!u'ht the a'ar states t!'ether i( *++* a( "reate t!Cath!)i" ar"h#ish!%ri"s.

B!hemia as )ar'e) Christia(ise i( the *+th "e(tur u(er


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Characteristics There are a (um#er !$ sur-i-i(' sma)) r!tu(a "hur"hes, 'e(era)) ith a(

a%se as at Xs5L, Hu('ar a( Sai(t Ni"h!)as R!tu(a i( Cies?(, P!)a(. R!tu(a "hur"hes s!metimes ha-e t!ers hi"h ma #e "ir"u)ar as at Sai(t

Pr!"!%ius Chur"h, Str?e)(!, P!)a( !r s/uare i( %)a( as at the Chur"h !$ StPeter a( St Pau), Bue, C?e"h Re%u#)i".

Other sma)) "hur"hes $!u( i( the re'i!( are re"ta('u)ar, ais)e)ess a( itha s/uare "ha("e),!r a( a%se as at the Chur"h !$ Sai(t 8e("es)as, Hrusi"e,C?e"h Re%u#)i". S"h('ra#er( Chur"h, Austria, has a s/uare "ha("e) a(%r!3e"ti(' a%se.

7ar'er "hur"hes ha-e a (a-e a( ais)es, ea"h e(i(' i( a( a%se, a( ith

(! tra(se%t. E6am%)es are P"s Cathera), Z5 Chur"h a( the Basi)i"a !$ theAssum%ti!(, Tismi"e, C?e"h Re%u#)i". The ais)es s!metimes "!(tai(e 'a))eries $!r the (!#i)it. 8hi)e ar"aes are usua)) su%%!rte !( %iers, the Basi)i"a !$ the

Assum%ti!(, Tismi"e has a)ter(ati(' %iers a( "!)um(s hi"h ha-e "ushi!("a%ita)s.


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7ar'er "hur"hes ha-e %aire ester( t!ers, s!me ith e"!rate "e(tra)%!rta)s, as at Z5 Chur"h a( the rui(e ;sam#e5 Chur"h, Hu('ar.

At St. A(res Chur"h, ra5M, the u(!r(ame(te $a"ae ta5es the $!rm !$ester5, ith a( !"ta'!(a) t!ers risi(' !( either sie. Gur5 Cathera),Austria, has a simi)ar) 4at $a"ae, risi(' t! t! -er ta)) s/uare t!ers.

The C!))e'iate Chur"h at Tum has a( a%se at either e(, simi)ar t! ma(

Germa( R!ma(es/ue "hur"hes.The ester( a%se is 4a(5e # s/uare t!ers. Pe"s Cathera), Hu('ar, has $!ur t!ers !$ s/uare %)a(, )i5e Bam#er'

Cathera), Germa(. T!er !%e(i('s ta5e the t%i"a) R!ma(es/ue %aire $!rm as at Chur"h !$ St

Peter a( St Pau), Bue C?e"h Re%u#)i". R!!$s are 'e(era)) !$ !!, ith -au)ts !""urri(' 7!m#ar #a(s are use, as at S"h('ra#er( Chur"h, Austria, a( ar!u( the

t!ers !$ Tum a( Z5 "hur"hes. The $a"ae !$ Su)e3M A##e Chur"h, $!u(e # the Cister"ia(s, a( ha-i('

a 'a#)e %!rta) a( r!se i(!, hera)s the i(4ue("e !$ Fre("h ar"hite"tura)st)e that as t! i(tr!u"e G!thi".


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NOTAB7E BUI7DINGS

At St. A(res Chur"h, ra5M, the %)ai(ester5 res!)-es i(t! !"ta'!(a) t!ers.

Gur5 Cathera), Austria, has remar5a#)

)itt)e a!r(me(t !$ the ester5, a(Ar#itrar %)a"eme(t !$ the )!er i(!s


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Gur5 Cathera), Austria S"h('ra#er( Chur"h, Austria Tum C!))e'iate Chur"h, P!)a(

St. A(res Chur"h, ra5M, P!)a( St. 7e!(ars Cr%t i( 8ae) Cathera), P!)a( Sai(t Pr!"!%ius R!tu(a Chur"h, Str?e)(!, P!)a( St arti(s C!))e'iate Chur"h, O%at!, P!)a( Su)e3M A##e, P!)a( St. Ni"h!)as Chur"h i( 8s!"i"e, P!)a( St. Peter a( Pau)@C!))e'iate i( rus?i"a, P!)a(

Cathera) i( amieV P!m!rs5i, P!)a(


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D!mi(i"a( Chur"h a( C!(-e(t !$ St. ames i( Sa(!mier?, P!)a( St. Tri(it@Chur"h i( Str?e)(!, P!)a(, ith u(i/ue s"u)%te "!)um(s

i(sie e%i"ti(' -i"es a( -irtues ;sam#e5 Chur"h, Hu('ar. The $a"ae !$ this rui(e

Prem!(strate(sia( a##e "hur"h, *22+, has remai(e )ar'e)

i(ta"t. P"s Cathera), Hu('ar. A)th!u'h the %)a( re4e"ts the "hur"h !$

the **th "e(tur, the e6teri!r a%%eara("e is a)m!st e(tire) ue t!*=th "e(tur re(!-ati!(.

Z5 Chur"h, Hu('ar, is !(e !$ the m!st "!m%)ete R!ma(es/ue

"hur"hes i( the re'i!(. Chur"h !$ Sai(t 8e("es)as, Hrusi"e, C?e"h Re%u#)i" Chur"h !$ St Peter a( St Pau), Bue C?e"h Re%u#)i", ". =++ AD The Basi)i"a !$ the Assum%ti!(, Tismi"e, C?e"h Re%u#)i"


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END.

romanesque in european countries - final report

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