romanesque architecture architectural history act 322 doris kemp

Romanesque Romanesque ArchitectureArchitecture

Architectural HistoryArchitectural History

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Doris KempDoris Kemp

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Romanesque Architecture: Sicily and Romanesque Architecture: Sicily and Southern ItalySouthern Italy

Romanesque Architecture: Northern Romanesque Architecture: Northern ItalyItaly

Romanesque Architecture: TuscanyRomanesque Architecture: Tuscany High Romanesque in Normandy and High Romanesque in Normandy and

EnglandEngland

Romanesque Architecture: Romanesque Architecture: Sicily and Southern ItalySicily and Southern Italy

Norman rulers arrived south of Norman rulers arrived south of Rome in the mid 11Rome in the mid 11thth century century Influences of Byzantium and Saracenic Influences of Byzantium and Saracenic

entangled with northern European entangled with northern European traditionstraditions

Important structures:Important structures: Norman Cathedrals of CefaluNorman Cathedrals of Cefalu Church of S. Nicola, BariChurch of S. Nicola, Bari


Norman Cathedral of CefaluNorman Cathedral of Cefalu Located in Palermo, SicilyLocated in Palermo, Sicily Massive east with choir flanked by Massive east with choir flanked by

lateral chapelslateral chapels Twin-towered façadeTwin-towered façade Fragile basilican nave with columnar Fragile basilican nave with columnar

supportssupports Interior featured a Byzantine mosaic of Interior featured a Byzantine mosaic of

ChristChrist


Photo: Sullivan


Church of S. Church of S. NicolaNicola Located in Bari, Located in Bari,

Southern ItalySouthern Italy A fusion of early A fusion of early

Christian with Christian with steep proportions steep proportions of Norman modelsof Norman models

Photo: Sullivan

Romanesque Architecture: Romanesque Architecture: Northern ItalyNorthern Italy

Structures in Northern Italy had a Structures in Northern Italy had a strong classical tradition, but strong classical tradition, but openness to adventurous spiritopenness to adventurous spirit Less conservative than the southLess conservative than the south Reflected the political and cultural Reflected the political and cultural

individualism of the Northindividualism of the North


Cathedral at ModenaCathedral at Modena c. 1099c. 1099 1515thth century rib vaulting century rib vaulting Diaphragm archesDiaphragm arches Open timber roofOpen timber roof Double-bay systemDouble-bay system Triple-gallery arcadeTriple-gallery arcade


Photo: Sullivan


S. Ambrogio, MilanS. Ambrogio, Milan Triple apsesTriple apses Barrel-vaulted forchoirsBarrel-vaulted forchoirs Nave of four huge vaulted bays, aisles, and Nave of four huge vaulted bays, aisles, and

galleriesgalleries Atrium was almost as large as the churchAtrium was almost as large as the church Featured a deep facade structure flanked by Featured a deep facade structure flanked by

towerstowers Rib vaultingRib vaulting

Became a major feature of Gothic architectureBecame a major feature of Gothic architecture


Photo: Sullivan

Romanesque Architecture: Romanesque Architecture: TuscanyTuscany

Tuscany was fortunate to have a Tuscany was fortunate to have a wide range of building materialswide range of building materials MarbleMarble

This helped to reinforce the classical This helped to reinforce the classical tendency of their architecturetendency of their architecture


Pisan (Pisa)Pisan (Pisa) Remarkable as a group of structuresRemarkable as a group of structures

Cemetery, basilica, tower, and baptisteryCemetery, basilica, tower, and baptistery All featured a standard styleAll featured a standard style

Same geometric clarity and sense of volumeSame geometric clarity and sense of volume Same decorative system and scaleSame decorative system and scale Same color, texture, and materialsSame color, texture, and materials


Photo: Sullivan


FlorentineFlorentine Rational, disciplined articulationRational, disciplined articulation Sharp, exquisite Classical detailSharp, exquisite Classical detail Two dimensionalTwo dimensional Key StructuresKey Structures

Baptistery of S. Giovanni, FlorenceBaptistery of S. Giovanni, Florence Church of S. Miniato al Monte, FlorenceChurch of S. Miniato al Monte, Florence


Baptistery of S. Giovanni, FlorenceBaptistery of S. Giovanni, Florence c. 1153c. 1153 Interior resembles the PantheonInterior resembles the Pantheon Centralized planCentralized plan Freestanding Corinthian columnsFreestanding Corinthian columns Exterior elevation mirrors the interiorExterior elevation mirrors the interior


Photo: Sullivan


Church of S. Miniato al Monte, Church of S. Miniato al Monte, FlorenceFlorence Medium-sized unvaulted basilicaMedium-sized unvaulted basilica Interior separated by three large baysInterior separated by three large bays Rich, paneled arcadingRich, paneled arcading Features a half-dome mosaicFeatures a half-dome mosaic


Photo: Sullivan

High Romanesque in High Romanesque in EnglandEngland

In these locations a new concept of In these locations a new concept of nave wall appearednave wall appeared

Major structuresMajor structures Durham Cathedral, EnglandDurham Cathedral, England Ely Cathedral, EnglandEly Cathedral, England


Durham CathedralDurham Cathedral c. 1093 -1130c. 1093 -1130 Linear decorative accentsLinear decorative accents Choir-aisle vaults Choir-aisle vaults Nave vaults formed a unique double-X Nave vaults formed a unique double-X

pattern of ribspattern of ribs Shows that rib vaulting was a crucial Shows that rib vaulting was a crucial

development for the Gothic period of development for the Gothic period of architecturearchitecture


Photo: Sullivan


Ely CathedralEly Cathedral

Photo: Sullivan


Photo: Sullivan


Winchester Winchester CathedralCathedral

Photo: Sullivan


Photo: Sullivan

ReferencesReferences Sullivan, Mary; Sullivan, Mary;

http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/

wdpt1.htmlwdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From

Prehistory to PostmodernityPrehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western

ArchitectureArchitecture

Romanesque Romanesque ArchitectureArchitecture

Architectural HistoryArchitectural History

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romanesque architecture architectural history act 322 doris kemp

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