romanesque architecture
DESCRIPTION
My report in History of Architecture during my second year.TRANSCRIPT
ROMANESQUE
ARCHITECTURE
+ R o m a n e s q u e A r c h i t e c t u r e
GEOGRAPHICAL INFUENCE
Romanesque Architecture is the combination of Roman and Byzantine Architecture basically roman in style. They grew in the countries under the roman rule.
The most common material used for construction were stone, brick marble or terra cotta, as well as ready-made columns and features from the old Roman buildings.
INFLUENCING FACTORS
GEOLOGICAL INFLUENCE
Southern Portion:a. Small windows to minimize sun
shading. d. Flat roof
CLIMACTIC INFLUENCE
Northern Portion -- Dull climate contributed to the use of:
a. Large windows to admit light.b. high pitch roof to throw off rain and
snow
RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE
Christianity resulted into erection of a church. Papacy had great power and influence.
Establishment of “Feudal System”, Landlord built “castle” to separate them and protect them from the peasants. This castle was made with man-made canals.
The style emerging in Western Europe based on Roman and Byzantine elements last until the Advent of Gothic Architecture in the Mid-12th Century.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INFLUENCE
HISTORICAL INFLUENCE
ARCHITECTURALCHARACTER
SOBER & DIGNIF IEDOpposite of Roman character
CHARACTERISTICFEATURES
Developed in Italy, France, Germany and England
Uses “Rib & Panel Vaulting”
Two Types of Vaulting:Quadripartite (four-part vaulting)
Sexpartite (six- part vaulting) (both were supported by “tiers”)
Use of corbelled Arches found underneath the eaves of a church.
Use of Massive, Architectured wall structures, Round Arches & Powerful Vaults.
In churches they used Latin Cross Plan
Use of Rose window or Wheel window.
EXAMPLE OF BUILDINGS
1. Churches- for every church there is a
“Monastery” at the side.
2. Monastic church situated in a court open to
public.
3. Cloister Court
4. Inner Court
5. Common Court
DIFFERENT SHAPES OF CROSS
Crux immissa or Latin cross
Cross of Lorraine The papal cross or ferula is the
pastoral staff used by the Pope.
Stepped Cross A cross resting on a base with three steps, also called a
graded or a Calvary cross.
ARCHITECTURALEXAMPLES
CENTRAL ITALY
PISA CATHEDRAL
I. With Baptistery, Campanile & Campo Santo
II. One of the Finest Romanesque Cathedral
III. Design by Architect Dioti Alvi
CAMPANILLE, PISA
I. Circular TowerII. Worlds famous
“Leaning Tower”III.8 storeys of
encircling archades
BAPTISTERIES, PISA
I. Circular in plan
CAMPO SANTO, PISAI. Cemetery
FRENCH ROMANESQUE9 T H T O 1 2 T H C E N T U R Y
A RC H I T E C T U RA L E X A M P L E S
NOTRE DAME du PORT• Light stone
vaults• inlaid décor
ANGOULEME CATHEDRAL
S. MADELEINE, Vezelay
THE ABBEY CHURCH
NOTRE DAME LA GRANDE, France
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE CATHEDRAL
• Built by Emperor Charlemagne as his “royal tomb-house”.
• Prototype of similar churches in Germany
• Place of coronation of the Holy Roman Emperors
GERMAN ROMANESQUE
1 0 T H T O 1 2 T H C E N T U R Y
THE CHURCH OF THE APOSTLES, COLOGNE
ORMS CATHEDRAL
• Typical German Romanesque church• Remained the seat of Bishops, Archibishops &
electors for 1,500 yrs.
ROMANESQUE TERMS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
DORMER WINDOW- a window placed vertically in a sloping roof with a roof on
its own.
GROIN- the curved arris formed by intersecting
vaulting surfaces.
VAULTS- ceiling designs
HELM ROOF- a roof in which 4 faces rests diagonally between the gables and
converge at the roof.