role of high quality soy protein in weight management · recognize use of pdcaas • us-fda has...

© Solae, LLC 2012. All rights reserved.

Suresh Itapu, Ph.D.

Consulting Scientist

Solae Nutritional Sciences

Role of High Quality Soy Protein in Weight Management


2

Overview� Obesity

� Protein in weight loss and weight maintenance

� Soy protein quality

� Role of Soy Protein in Weight Management

� Body Composition

� Satiety

� Improves Glucose Response

� Lowers Glycemic Index

� Heart Health

� Summary/Conclusions

• Soy protein products for weight management


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Obesity

� Approximately 1.6 billion adults (age 15+) are considered overweight (BMI≥25) globally.

� At least 400 million adults are considered obese (BMI≥30).

� WHO projects that approximately 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese by 2015.

� At least 20 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight globally in 2005.

� Overweight & obesity are now dramatically on the rise in low-and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings.

Source: World Health Organization, Overweight and Obesity Fact Sheet 311, 2006 www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html


Obesity trends in India

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Categories ‘05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15

Obese Population (BMI >30) 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7

Overweight Population (BMI 25-30) 6.5 6.9 7.3 7.6 8.0 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.2 9.5 9.7

Source: OECD/ WHO/national statistics/Euromonitor International

• India passing through a nutrition transition phase

• Obesity is rising in India

• Almost 30 million Indians are overweight, and obesity continues rise - NFHS

• Around 20 % of school-going children are overweight

• Overweight or obesity is the leading cause of a number of health problems

(% of population aged 15+)


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Protein is a key player in weight loss

and weight maintenance

Foods containing soy protein is as effective as

other protein sources at reducing body weight

and fat during a healthy low calorie diet. ``

Recent scientific reviews concluded that increased dietary protein contributes to weight management by:

� enhancing satiety (fullness)

� increasing energy expenditure (burn more calories)

� improving body composition (retaining muscle mass)


6

PDCAAS is recognized and used globally

• Most countries follow Codex FAO/WHO global statements on soy protein quality evaluation and recognize use of PDCAAS

• US-FDA has used PDCAAS as standard for calculating percent Daily Value (%DV) of protein on food labels since 1993


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Sources of Protein Intake

http://www.choosemyplate.gov/

- New dietary guidelines: "Shift food intake patterns to a more

plant-based diet that emphasizes vegetables, cooked dry beans and peas, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. In addition, increase the intake of seafood and fat-free and low-fat milk and milk products and consume only moderate amounts of lean meats, poultry, and eggs."

http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/DGAC/Report/A-ExecSummary.pdf

Calcium-fortified soymilk

(soy beverage) is also part of the Dairy Group.

Soy beans

Soy beans and processed soy products ie, tofu,

texturized vegetable protein, veggie burgers


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� Body Composition

� Satiety

� Improves Glucose Response

� Lowers Glycemic Index

� Heart Health

Soy Protein:A Role in Weight Management


9

Soy protein preserves muscle during weight loss induced by energy restriction.

-15

-10

-5

0

5

Total wt

loss

∆ BMI ∆ Fat mass ∆ Fat-free

mass

% C

ha

ng

e

fro

m B

ase

lin

e

Lifestyle Education Substitutional Diet (soy) Substitutional Diet (soy) + PA

* *

•Overweight, obese men

and women

•Lifestyle education (n=28)

soy protein (n=28) and

soy with PA (n=27)

•Soy protein given as

yogurt during 6 month

intervention.


10

Soy protein decreases abdominal fat during weight management.

•Overweight postmenopausal women

•Casein (n=6) vs soy

protein (n=9)•20 grams of protein

given in shakes

•Soy protein induced a

significant reduction in

total and abdominal fat

after 3 months


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•Obese postmenopausal women

•Casein (n=16) vs soy

protein (n=17)

•20 grams of protein given in shakes

•Soy protein induced a

significant reduction in total and abdominal fat after 3

months

Soy protein decreases abdominal fat during weight management.


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Potential Mechanisms forWeight Loss on Higher Protein Diets

Adapted from: Hu FB (2005) Am J Clin Nutr 82 (suppl): 242S – 247S

Thermogenesis(aa synthesis, ureogenesis &

gluconeogenesis)

Energy Intake

Weight Loss

Higher-ProteinDiets

SatietyHunger

Energy Intake

Modify glycemic index

and load Gl, GL

Postprandial insulin


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Soy Protein and SatietyGreater satiating effect is seen with greater intake

�Soy-custard given at a high protein level (25% of calories) showed superior satiating properties (Visual Analog Scales) compared to a normal protein soy-custard (10% of calories).


14

Cod

Milk

Soy

SoyCod

Milk

Glucose

Insulin

Controlled feeding studies show

that soy protein is as good as or better than other high quality

proteins in its effect on fasting

blood glucose and/or insulin levels.


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Soy Protein Lowers Glycemic Index

� Recent reviews show that lowering glycemic index is an effective way to promote weight loss

� Lowering glycemic index improves lipid profile

� Low glycemic index foods can be easily incorporated into diets and lifestyle

� Proposed mechanism:

� Minimize fluctuations in blood glucose and increase insulin sensitivity


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Adding Soy Protein Reduces the

Glycemic Index of Foods

• Soy protein reduces the GI of foods

• Soy fiber can contribute to a ↓ in the GI

• Unpublished Solae data

Low GI ≤55

Medium GI 56-69

High GI 70-100

Product Glycemic

Index

Protein

(g)

Fiber

(g)

Rice Crisp Bar 97 2 < 1

Soy Protein Crisp Bar 57 22 <1

Soy Protein & Fiber Crisp Bar 64 9 6

Food Funct.. 2011, 2, 678


17

Several Meta-Analyses Confirm Cholesterol Lowering Property of Soy Protein

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

Anderson,

1995

Zhan & Ho,

2005

Balk, 2005

(AHRQ)

Reynolds,

2006

Harland &

Haffner,

2008

Solae Meta-

Analysis,

2009

Anderson,

2011

mg

/dL

Ch

an

ge

s in

Pla

sm

a L

ipid

s

Net TC Change

Net LDL-C Change

Net HDL-C Change

Net TG Change

Studies using Solae soy protein

13/29 (45%) 16/20 (80%) 33/50 (66%) 24/27 (89%) 18/30 (60%) 24/44 (55%) 26/43 (61%)

Anderson JW (1995) NEJM 333:276; Zhan S & Ho SC (2005) AJCN 81:397; Balk E et al. (2005) AHRQ Pub No

05-E024-2; Reynolds K (2006) Am J Card 98:633; Harland JL & Haffner TA (2008) Atherosclerosis 200: 13;

Solae Meta-Analysis, 2009 (unpublished); Anderson JW et al. (2011) J Am Coll Nutr 30: 79-91

�For every 1% decrease in serum

cholesterol there is a 2-3% reduction

in the rate of CHD (AHA).


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United States

“ 25 grams of soy protein a day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease. A serving of (brand name of food) supplies (xx) grams of soy protein.”

Soy Protein and Heart Health

�

�

�

�

�

�

��

�

�

�


19

Summary

• The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to increase globally.

• Related co-morbidities and negative health consequences are adding a tremendous burden on people with obesity.

• Weight management can be achieved by keeping energy intake balanced and protein can play a role.

• High-quality soy protein has been shown to be as effective as other protein sources at reducing body weight and body fat.


20

Summary

� Diets higher in protein increase satiety and preserve lean body mass better than high-carbohydrate diets.

� Soy protein brings weight loss dieters the added advantage of proven heart health benefits when consumed as part of a diet lowin saturated fat and cholesterol.

� Decreased LDL-cholesterol� Improved cholesterol ratios

� Soy protein is as effective as other high-quality proteins in increasing satiety; preserving lean body mass; and soy protein has the added benefit of improved cardiovascular health.

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role of high quality soy protein in weight management · recognize use of pdcaas • us-fda has...

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