robotic telescopes bremen, 03 22 2005 t. granzer, aip current earth-bound projects
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Robotic Telescopes
Bremen, 03 22 2005
T. Granzer, AIP
Current Earth-bound projects
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Why?Costs
Efficiency/speed
Constant data quality
(Arbitrary) long programs
Network:full phase coverageweather independent
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Why not?
Troubleshooting
Software demands
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Costs
Largest telescopes (VLT, Keck): ~100 M$
Hubble Space Telescope: ~6000 M$
Robotic telescope (1.5m): ~1 M$
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AI replaces astronomer
Protect the instrument
Judge weather
Select targets
Operate instruments in right sequence
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Protect the instrument
Monitor all system failures
Monitor environment conditionweather(!), computer health, UPS
Emergency planrepair, use of partly defect system
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Judge weatherImmediately react on critical conditions
•wind speed, humidity
Predict weather•…saves time
Seeing, clouds•optimize target selection
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The scheduling problem
Traditionally: A few nights, few targets tailored to observing period
Robotic: Span entire seasons, lots of targets
An ad-hoc approach not feasible
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Approaches:
Queue scheduling:
Prescribe a distinct timeline
Easy to implement
Needs lots of human interference
Cannot react to changing conditions
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Approaches (cont‘d):
Optimal scheduling:
Optimize schedule for given time-base.
CPU-intense (N! - permutations).
Unpredicted changes of conditions break schedule.
Difficult with changing weather, but used in space.
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Approaches (cont‘d):
Dispatch scheduling:
Picks target according to actual conditions.
Must run in real-time, but N
Allows easy reaction to weather changes.
Used on most current robotic systems.
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Current projects
Hawaii
Australia
Texas
La Palma /Tenerife
South Africa
Chile
Arizona
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Fairborn Observatory
Washington Camp, Arizona
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Fairborn Observatory
14 robotic telescopes, 0.1-2m
First installation world-wide
Mainly Photometry
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REM
Focuses on -ray bursts
SWIFT satellite triggers Earth-bound telescopes
Robotic telescopes can react within seconds.
Chile, fully robotic
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Project Monet
• Alfred Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Stiftung
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2x1.2m telescopes
Univ. Göttingen, SAAO, McDonald Observatory
App. 50% of total time for 'Hands-On Universe' school-projects
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Liverpool & Faulkes
3x 2m Telescopes in La Palma, Hawaii and Australia
Again emphazises acces for schools and students
Robotic & remote modi
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Twin-telescope STELLA
Tenerife / Teide2400m Altitude2x 1,2m telescopesAIP/IAC
STELLA
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Two 1.2m & 0.8m, f/8 Alt/Az telescopes
Project STELLA
STELLA-I
Echelle Spectrograph, R470002kx2k Marconi chip
STELLA-II
Wide-field imager, 22’ FoV, Strømgren filters4kx4k STA chip
11 26 04
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What's next?
Antarctica, Dome C
Exceptional seeing (0".27)
Ideal for AO & IR (high isoplanatic angle of 7".9)
'Half step' to Moon/Space
see also Lawrence, Nature 431, 278L
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Shackleton@Moon?
lower pic. Margot/Cornell U
Passive cooling to 50K
Stable platform
No Expendables, no gyros
Fixed telescope for ultra-deep fields
Data rate ~50Mbyt/s (64x64k@1/600 Hz)
see also Angel, SPIE 5487, p.1
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…but start realistic
Start with a ~4m precursorExperience with 4m class robotic telescopes (~10 ys.)
Possible benefits from Antarctica telescopes (~10 ys.)