robespierres revelation of illuminati influence

8/13/2019 Robespierres Revelation of Illuminati Influence

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Illuminati of Bavaria 1

Robespierres Identifying The Left With A Foreign Conspiracy Justifies

1 Robespierres Revelation ofThe Illuminatis Influence

Robespierres Identifying The Left With A

Foreign Conspiracy Justifies Reversing

Leftward Atheism & Cosmopolitanism

Robespierre in early 1793 was anxious to find a pre-text to end the cosmopolitanism and atheism preached byCloots. Thus, when Chabot, an ardent republican, told him ofa conspiracy involving foreigners to overthrow the Republicto put in place a new tyranny, Robespierre seized on this.Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety now claimedBaron de Batz was the leader of a vast conspiracy aimed atpromoting Counter-revolution by using the excesses of theultra-revolutionaries, including dechristianization to bring

disgrace on the Revolution.1By purporting to uncover this supposed conspiracy

that the extreme left were actually controlled by foreignerstrying to subvert the peoples approval of the Revolution,Robespierre was able to oust the left. Robespierre thereuponreplaced the lefts cosmopolitanism with French nationalism.Robespierre also was able to reject all extremist efforts toimpose rigid atheism. In its place, Robespierre created aDeistic Cult which was more suitable to French sensibilities.

However, those anxious to justify Robespierresdestruction of the left as factually-based upon a true conspir-acy from the Right duping the left make the preposterousassertion in 1818 that later evidence arose which proved

1. Jean, Baron de Batz, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean,_Baron_de_Batz (accessed 1/23/09).

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Robespierres Revelation of The Illuminatis Influence


Baron de Batz was indeed in the secret pay of Austria as of

January 1793. Thus, this belated evidence proves supposedlythat Batz alleged puppets Cloots, Herbert, Chaumette,and Danton while being true extreme left-revolutionaries were supported by a secret right-winger so as to embarassthe Revolution. To that end, Robespierre sought to blameBatz for raising to prominence all these left-wing idealogues.

Yet, while Batz did support these men, there wasnever any corroboration that Batz was a counter-revolution-ary working for Austria. Such a claim of financial supportfrom Austria never formed any part of Robespierres originalaccusation against Batz and the Foreign Conspiracy. But this

assertion by Robespierre-apologists in 1818 was based upona supposed letter-memoir to Eckard. From this fable wasspawned the literary character in the Scarlet Pimpernel. Thehero in that story is a foreigner who pretends to favor the rev-olution but who secretly works for counter-revolution. As toBatz, this appears to be pure mythology.

However, to decipher the true nature of events, onemust tell the story chronologically. This way we can separateout the truth from later fiction and conspiracy-fiction.

Yet, there was truth in the Robespierre exposure abouta pro-revolution foreigner party at Paris who were financingHebert, Chaumette, Cloots, Danton and other figures on theleft. This included Baron de Batz (of German ancestry), thetruly pro-revolutionary Frey Brothers of Austria now in Paris,Guzman (a Spaniard) and many other foreigners at Paris.Who were these men? The Illuminati?

The interesting way that Robespierre describes theseGermans and foreigners is that they were initiates intomysteries of a conspiracy that was based abroad. Robe-spierres choice-of-words, and targets like Cloots, reveal thatRobespierres aim was to destroy the Illuminati influence,especially their atheism and cosmopolitanism, in France. Henever names the Illuminati by name, but his targets, his lan-guage, and his policy disagreement all suggest Robespierreknew who were the Illuminati among them. He isolated them

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Robespierre Identifies Initiates of Mysteries Who Are Part of A Foreign Con-

and destroyed them, claiming they supported an ultra-left. To

throw off the left, Robespierre claimed the Illuminists withinFrance were secretly working with foreigners in what was, inulterior planning, an effort to subvert the French Republic fora worse tyrranny or some other counter-revolutionaryscheme.

Robespierre Identifies Initiates of Mysteries

Who Are Part of A Foreign Conspiracy

In March 1793, Robespierre as spokesperson for theCommittee of Public Safety identified a conspiracy whoseleader was Baron de Batz (1760-1822) and others who were

initiates of mysteries in the service of foreigners.2Baron de Batz, apparently a German by descent, had

come from the Duchy of Albret (near the Gironde) which hadbeen ceded to France in 1641. Batz was elected in 1789 fromthat Duchy to the National Assembly. He became a member

of the Finance Committee within the National Assembly.3In March 1793, Robespierre explained what this same

Batz had been doing in Paris:

There exists am ong th e representativ es of th e

people of France certain perverse men w ho are

in i t i at es of myster i esof a foreign conspi racy,

mad e up of w eak but perverse men w ho are

corrupt....4

2. Barry Coward, Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theory in Early ModernEurope (England: Ashgate: 2004) at 255 (Early in the morning of 14November 1793, Maximilian Robespierre [was told by Chabot]...abouta vast financial and political conspiracy....) Based upon Chabots alle-gations, Robespierre... eliminated... rivals for power first on the left,then on the right.Id., at 255-256.

3. The Russian Wikipediafor Batz contains these facts. See http://www.wikiznanie.ru/ru-wz.

http://www.wikiznanie.ru/ru-wz.http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.wikiznanie.ru/ru-wz.


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As the same speech proceeds, Robespierre aims his

attack also at Jacque Roux and Marat (a German by ancestrywho previously was Robespierres ally at the Jacobins priorto Marats assassination) as conspirators in the same sense undermining respect for the Legislature:

Republica n Representa tives, since the first

day s follow ing the triumph of the Mountain

[i.e., the section of the Jac obins led by Robespi-erre], you w ere insulted in the House by a

priest d espicable [i.e., Jacque Roux],5w hocame to denounce you yourselves, as the

author of the public hunger. It w as at this timethat w e led those w ho w ere experienced in all

the ma jor crises of the Revolution, bu t w hen,

under the name of Ma ra t , mercenary writers

sought to arouse the people and blaspheme

against you, then all avenues were constantly

bombarded by petitions that sought to make

you responsible for all the stupid problems

cau sed by the con spirators....These miserable

agent s of foreign pow ers, agitated the clubs

and the popular sections and assemblies....The

head of this plot is Baron de Batz....[The] rep-

resenta tives of the people ha ve coalesced w ithban kers of pow erful foreigners....[And th ey

manifest] hypocr i t i ca l pat r io t ism....[P]atriots

search for this invisible power w ho w ish to

strike hid den blow s to liberty.... 6

4. Maximilien Robespierre, uvres de Maximilien Robespierre(B. Fran-klin, 1970) Vol. III at 582 (accessible via books.google.com). The orig-inal words were: Il existait...parmi les representants du peoplefrancais des hommes pervers, initis dans les mystres de la conspira-cion trangre, des hommes qui ntaient point faibles, mais pervers;qui ntaient point corrumpus...) This can be found also in full in Phil-ippe-Joseph-Benjamin Buchez et P.C. Roux,Histoire parlementaire dela rvolution franaise(Paris: Paulin, 1837) Vol. 31 at 18 et seq.

5. Buchez cites a footnote here, and identifies this as Jacque Roux.



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Baron de Batz in 1795 denied Robespierres allega-

tion, claiming he had no correspondence with any foreignpowers or enemies of France.7Yet what Batz was doing in

Paris remains essentially mysterious....8Chabot Robespi-erres source of evidence linked him firmly with

Hbert.9At the same time, it strains credulity to thinkHbert [i.e., a radical on the left] was a genuine royalist

agent.10Which means Baron Batz would not have been aroyalist at heart if he was indeed helping Hbert.

What About The Story of Batz Secretly Working To Spare

Deposed Queen Marie Antoinette From The Guillotine in

January 1793?

Twenty-two years after Robespierres denunciation,Eckard claimed, and Lenotre repeated it, that Batz suppos-edly sent a letter dated 1818 telling Eckard that he (Batz) wasengaged by Austria to save Marie Antoinette, the sister of theAustrian Emperor, from the gallows in January 1793. Thissupposed Batz-letter to Eckard also included an heroicaccount of Batzs effort to stop the carriage taking Marie-

6. Philippe-Joseph-Benjamin Buchez et P.C. Roux,Histoire parlemen-taire de la rvolution franaise(Paris: Paulin, 1837) Vol. 31 at 21-23,28.

7. Mead Minnigerode,Marie Antoinettes Henchman The Career ofJean, Baron de Batz (1936) at 250-251.

8. David Andress, The Terror(MacMillan 2005) at 261.

9. David Andress, The Terror(MacMillan 2005) at 261.

Hebertists predominated in the Cordeliers Club and in the Commune,and had succeeded in infiltrating, through Bouchotte, the Minister ofWar, the offices of his department. Hbert had at times expressed com-munist sentiments in his paper. Tridon has given some such extracts inhis sketch Les Hbertistes, uvres diverses(Ed. G. Tridon)(Paris1891) at 86-90.

10.David Andress, The Terror(MacMillan 2005) at 261.



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Antoinette to the gallows, with tales of screaming and shout-

ing and commotion to stop the carriage. Yet, this alleged res-cue attempt failed.11

However, there are many reasons to reject this.Responsible historians say Eckard pretended to receive this

letter.12At some level, it was invented, whether by Eckard orsomeone else. First, it contradicts Batzs 1795 book which hisfamily confirms to have possessed the version with theirgrand uncles handwritten edits upon it which validate its

authenticity.13Second, other than Eckard, there is no confir-mation of this rescue story in any way, e.g., there is no

account of someone attempting to rescue the Queen on herfateful day of facing the guillotine. Likewise, Robespierrenever made such a claim against Batz to prove Batz serviceto Austria. Thus, Eckard always remains the principalsource of this dubious claim about Batz, first raised 22 years

after the fact.14More important, the family of Batz could find no

memoirs to confirm the account (even though they enjoyedthe heroism contained therein). They dismissed Lenotresreliance on his hero Eckard to explain why there are no

memoirs of their grand-uncle on this and other matters.15

11.Lenotre relates that according to Eckard, Batz wrote Eckard a letterwhich says in January 1793, Baron de Batz was sent by Austria to res-cue the Queen. This mission was expressed in these exact words,among others: Being convinced of the important services that may beexpected of the fidelity of the Baron de Batz and Ms attachment to theKing and royal family we beg him to return to France, with a view toseeking and adopting every possible means for the rescue of the King,the Queen, and their family, etc., etc. 2nd January, 1793. (G. Lenotre,A Gascon Royalist in Revolutionary Paris: The Baron de Batz 1792-1794 (trans. Margaret Key Stawell) (N.Y.: Dodd Mead, 1910) at 246-47.) If this letter from Batz were true, then it would make the publishedbook by Batz of 1795 a complete lie. This casts in doubt Eckards let-ter. As he says, one must choose between the Batz book or the Batzletter that Eckard claims to have received. See the next footnote.

For an example of accounts of Batz life that give full credence to Eck-ards account, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean,_Baron_de_Batz.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean,_Baron_de_Batz.http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean,_Baron_de_Batz.


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Furthermore, it is rather far-fetched to think any state-

ment 22 years later was really made by Batz. Even if so, inthose circumstances, it likely would be blatant patronizing toget a job as times had changed. The controlling powers ofFrance were now a restored monarchy. Had the rescueattempt of 1793 really been true in January 1793, and thatBatz organized a rescue of the Queen, Chabot would certainlyhave known and passed this onto Robespierre. But Robespi-erre never mentions in his speech of May 1793 (or later) thatBatz was engaged in a plot to rescue the Queen from the guil-lotine in January 1793.

Regardless, aiding Austria to save its Emperors sister

hardly qualifies as a counter-revolutionary act once the kinghad long since been executed.16In other words, Batz couldhave attempted a rescue without this fact proving he opposedthe revolutions aims. There is hence no clear cut proof thatduring 1793, Batz was not sincerelysupporting the left. It

12.Franois-Xavier Feller, in Batz, Pierre-Louis, baron de,Dictionnairehistorique(8th Ed.)(Paris: Houdaille, 1836) Vol. III at 29, explains:But Eckard pretends/claims [Fr. pretend] there are two works on thesame subject one printed and one unpublished, and it was only thelatter that Batz actually wrote. It was entitled De la Journe appele

des Sections de Paris, ou des 12 et 13 vendmiaire an iv (Octobre1795). The letter by Batz to Eckard was supposedly dated March 10,1817. It tells a different story at odds with the 1794 account. (See B.Coward, supra, at 259.) Coward says it is impossible to tell on whichof these occasions Batz was telling the truth. (Id.) Even so, what is thereliability of Jean Eckard? He is described by Coward as a publicist.He wroteMemoires Historiques sur Louis XVII(1818) (availablebooks.google.com). He discusses Batz at pages 125-126 the allegedrescue attempt of Marie Antoinette that supposedly was attempted andfailed. Yet, this supposed event is never mentioned anywhere in thestory of the execution of Marie Antoinette.

Jean Eckard discusses more of Batz in a book entitled LOmbre du Baronde Batz(1833).

13.Baron de Batz [grand-nephew], Notes Indits Sur Le Baron de Batz,La Revue hebdomadaire (October 1899) at 117. (Available throughbooks.google.com.) Batzs grand-nephew writes even this manuscript[of the 1795 work] is extremely interesting because on each page isstrikeout and rewrites.Id.



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thus appears a myth created by Robespierres defenders,

egged on by Eckard, that contends Batz was a secret right-winger manipulating the hard left by his financial support tobe as extreme and successful as possible so as to embarass theRevolution. Such a conspiracy theory is more ridiculous thananything ever imagined by members of the right.

Batz Circle

Kropotkin in his history of the French Revolutionrelates:

Baron de Batzundertook to incite certainmembers of the Conv ention to m ake large for-

tunes by going into stock-jobbin gmon ey ha v-

ing to be provided for these operations by t he

Abb Espagnac[Note: a strong financ ial sup-

porter of the Revolution.]17For this purpose

14.John Bingham Morton, The Dauphin(Longmans, Green 1937) at 102.

15. The grand-nephew, Baron de Batz, wrote an article entitled NotesIndits Sur Le Baron de Batz,La Revue hebdomadaire (October1899) and he explains: A happy coincidence put my brother in pos-

session of most of the letters, writings and manuscripts of our great-uncle. We naturally looked with great interest and curiosity for any-thing that could seem interesting, but, alas! the manuscript of thefamous discovered memoirs [i.e., the memoirs to support the Marie-Antoinette story]...[is] absolutely missing....Id. at 117.

Later the grand-nephew mock Lentre for putting reliance on Mr. Eck-ards stories: Mr. Lentre in his beautiful book, discusses the questionof whether the Baron de Batz has written memoirs. He believesstrongly, and my brother and I also believe they exist...Lentrebelieves, based on a letter from his hero Mr. Eckard, that the notesmade by Mr. Batz were burned or disappeared. We believe that thesememoirs, or at least large fragments exist.

16.Even if Batz had worked for the escape of Marie Antoinette, this is not

proof of a right-wing agenda. As with many in the Illuminati circle atParis, such as Adam Lux, Georg Forster and even Mirabeau beforethem, they were on the left but to their credit they were not in favor ofneedless murder. There was still tenderness in the hearts of some Illu-minists.



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Baron de Batzassembled in his house on a

certain d ay Julien (of Toulouse), Delauna y a ndBazire (a Dant onist). The banker Benoit, the

poet Lah arpe, the Comtesse de Beaufort

(Juliens mistress), an d C ha bot (the unfrocked

priest w ho at on e time had been a fa vourite of

the people, but wh o had since married an Aus-

trian lady, a sister of the banker Frey)18w ere

also of the party.19

The brothers Frey, in particular Junius Frey, were alsoidentified by Robespierre in his opening attack as an integralpart of this Foreign Conspiracy led by Baron Batz. Frey wasdirectly tied in with Hebert. In the accusation of March 16,1793 by the Committee of Public Safety, it said that BaronBatz, Baron Frey and the Spaniard Gusman were three bank-ers who supplied Heberts faction with 1,800,000 francs

for the initial stage of the rebellion.20

17. In the chapter on the Fournisseurs [in Capefigues work], a history isgiven of the contracts of the Abbe dEspagnac. This Abbe undertook toprovision the army of the Alps in 1792, and acquitted himself withability. In 1793, he further engaged to furnish the army of Dumouriez

with wagons. In this undertaking he made a great deal of money, butwhen the star of Dumouriez was no longer in the ascendant, dEspag-nac was dragged before the Revolutionary Tribunal, and condemned,before he had attained the age of forty. (The British Quarterly Review(Jan.-April 1857)(London) at 183 (citingHistoire des Grandes Opera-tions Financieres, Banquet, Bourses, Emprunts, Banquiers, Fournis-seurs, Acquereurs det Biens Nationals. Par M. Capefigue. Paris:Librairie dAmyot. 1856.)

18.A Johann Frey was among the 54 German signers of the GermanAmerican Declaration of Independence at New York dated August 27,1774. It was signed at the home of Adam Lux (apparently an ancestorto Adam Lux of the Mainz Jacobins who came to Paris and died as anopponent of the terror). See Frederick Franklin Schrader, 1683-1920(Concord Publishing 1920) at 176.

19.Kropotkin, P. The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793(N. F. Dry-hurst, Trans.) (New York: 1909) at 539.

20.Barry Coward, Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theory in Early ModernEurope(England: Ashgate, 2004) at 265.



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Who were the brothers Frey? Right wingers? Hardly.

Among [foreigners in Pa ris] w ere the brothers

Frey, before mentioned, who gained in the

space of a year, by dealing in a ssignats, near

eighteen m illions of francs. The broth ers Frey

al l ied th emselves w it h the Dant onists, and

w ere sw orn f r iends w i th Cami l l e Desmoul ins,

Fabre dEglan tine, Ch ab ot, Ba zire, &c. The

Freys lived in a fine ma nsion in t he Place Ven-

dom e. Their sister married Cha bot, an d in th is

w ay they knew all that w as passing in the Com-

mittees of Public S afety, and could regulate

their stock-jobbing ac cordingly . The m ost

active instrum ents of the ban kers Frey w ere

Fabre dEglantine and Delauney 21d Angers.22

Prior to 1789, the Frey Brothers had been ennobled asCounts Schnfeld by the Austrian Emperor. In 1792, theyarrived in Paris just ahead of the Revolution of August

10th.23They were very liberal, these Counts, enamored of

21.In Robespierres speech, he discussed Delaunai as one who serves anequivocal role and who was in league with the discredit Girondin

faction (i.e., the early left of the revolution of 1792.) Philippe-Joseph-Benjamin Buchez et P.C. Roux,Histoire parlementaire de la rvolu-tion franaise(Paris: Paulin, 1837) Vol. 31 at 23.

22.The British Quarterly Review(Jan.-April 1857)(London) at 177, 182.This is a book review beginning on page 177 of a book entitled: His-toire des Grandes Operations Financieres, Banquet, Bourses,Emprunts, Banquiers, Fournisseurs, Acquereurs det Biens Nationals .Par M. Capefigue. Paris: Librairie dAmyot. 1856. This book purportsto tell about the financial machinations among the revolutionariesbankers. Capefigue was an attorney. While he was a royalist in hisearly life, in 1830 he joined the liberal Courier Francaise.Id., at177. His prior ten volume work History of the Restaurationwas wellwritten and was still a valuable reference source. Capefigue had writ-ten over 4000 articles and innumerable books by this point. He had atendency to plagiarize and cut-and-paste quotes from others that irri-tated the reviewer.

23.Mead Minnigerode,Marie Antoinettes Henchman The Career ofJean, Baron de Batz, in the French Revolution(1936) at 78.



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liberty like their friend Gusman, they adored it and to

prove it they took the name of Fre or Frey24which meansFree. Sigmund Schnfeld changed his first name to Junius.25The Freys weresoon at the Jacobins, introduced by Chabot,

very intimate with Gusman.26Magnificent dinners had beenprovided at the Frey mansion on rue dAnjou to Jacobinmembers of the Convention. The Frey brothers younger sis-

ter married Chabot.27

However, in Robespierres accusation, he claimedJunius Frey was a hypocrite, and simply wore a revolution-ary costume including the red bonnet so as to guarantee

to all the world the purity of his patriotism yet it was suppos-edly not so.28Men like Frey allegedly simply flattered theviews of the patriots.

Yet, indubitably, the Frey brothers were sincere.These men were financing the dechristianizers Chaumette,Hebert & Cloots. TheBritish Quarterly Reviewmentions thefinancial benefices these three members received by workingwith the Frey brothers, as confirmed by later historians siftingthrough memoirs:

Hebert, who had been a ticket-taker at a small

theatre on the Boulevards, ha d acqu ired more

than a million. Chaumet te, the son of a sh oe-

maker, wh o wish ed to pull dow n the mansions

in the Faubourg St. Germain an d plant pota to-

24.Minnigerode, supra, at 78.

25.This suggests they were Illuminati, and deliberately made their initiatename their legal name.

26.Minnigerode, supra, at 78.

27.The Frey Brothers gave Chabot money upon marrying their sister, butwarned him if he ever turned on the revolution, they would cut him off.G. Lenotre,A Gascon Royalist in Revolutionary Paris: The Baron deBatz 1792-1794 (trans. Margaret Key Stawell) (N.Y.: Dodd Mead,1910) at 41-44.

28.Buchez, supra, at 26.



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fields on the ruins, realized a c onsiderable for-

tune; and Anach arsis Clootz, w hile preachingliberty and equality, realized somew hat n ear

8000 lbs. a year of [British] money. 29

Soon the conspiracy accusation against Baron de Batzand Hebert led to the implication of Heberts close allies Cloots aka Baron von Clootz and Chaumette. They were alltaken to the guillotine. We discuss this in detail in the nextsection.

Afterwards, the names identified by Robespierreincreased to include the followers of Danton and others close

to Batz still all men opposed to the Monarchy. Danton wasvery close to Batz. Elie Lacoste, one of the members of theCommittee of Surveillance, testified that Danton ate three

times a week at Batzs house.30Lenotre described the scopeof the names of the accused after Danton was added to thelist:

We have done our best to show how the Com-

mittees, being una ble to lay th eir han ds on the

leaders of the de Batz Conspir acy, seized

everyone w ho could, rightly or w rongly, be sus-

pected of intrigue, corruption, or lukewa rm-

ness. The Foreign Conspir acyto use the

historical na me of the vast plot w hose chief

incidents we are trying to put together had

already sent Hebert and his faction to the scaf-

fold; it wa s now the turn of the Dantonists.

Their ever-fam ous tria l h as so often been

described tha t w e shall not repeat its details

here. We must, ho w ever, point out the links,

29.British Quarterlyid., at 183.

30.G. Lenotre,A Gascon Royalist in Revolutionary Paris: The Baron deBatz 1792-1794 (trans. Margaret Key Stawell) (N.Y.: Dodd Mead,1910) at 163. Lenotre summarily dismisses this testimony as invalid,but only because he believes the 1818 story of Eckard that Batz was atrue royalist. On LaCostes position on the Committee, see id., at 166.



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hitherto insufficiently recognized, w hich c on-

nect this trial w ith the conspiracy of the Baronde Batz .

The a ccused num bered sixteen: Da nton, Cam -

ille Desmoulins, Chabot, Bazire, Delaunay (of

Angers), Fabre dEglantine. Herault de S ech-

elles, Lacroix, and Philippeaux were all depu-

ties in the Convention . To these w ere ad ded

Lhuillier, procureur-general of th e depa rtment

of Paris, the ex-Abbe Sahu guet dEspagna c,

Junius and Emmanuel Frey, Diederichsen,

advocate [i.e., law yer] of the royal courts of

Denmark31[and Danish secretary to the broth-

ers Frey32as w ell as previously employed at a

Vienna ban king house],33General Westerman n

[of Strasbourg], and Gusma n, a Span ish

noble.34

You can see in here many foreigners, in particularGermans, living in France who came to help the Revolution the brothers Frey, Gusman, Westermann (Mayor of Stras-

bourg, soldier from his youth),35and Diederichsen.Despite Robespierres denunciation, the police could

never lay their hands upon Baron von Batz.36

31.Diederichsen was half-Austrian and half-Danish. He was denounced asan agent of Junius Frey. SeeG. Lenotre,A Gascon Royalist in Revolu-tionary Paris: The Baron de Batz 1792-1794 (trans. Margaret KeyStawell) (N.Y.: Dodd Mead, 1910) at 162.

32.Hermann Wendel,Danton(Constable 1936) at 354.

33.H. Wallon,Histoire du Tribunal rvolutionnaire de Paris avec le Jour-nal(Hachette 1881) Vol. 3 at 145.

34.G. Lenotre,A Gascon Royalist in Revolutionary Paris: The Baron deBatz 1792-1794 (trans. Margaret Key Stawell) (N.Y.: Dodd Mead,1910) at 160-61.

35.Henri Alexandre Wallon,Le Tribunal rvolutionnaire, 10 mars 1793-31 mai 1795(Paris: Plon, 1900) Vol. II at 26.



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Baron De Batz Book of 1795

In 1795, a book was released by Baron de Batz enti-tledLa Conjuration de Batz ou la Journ des Soixante(1795). It was a rare book so that by 1816 there were only

two copies known to be in existence.37Lenotre obtained acopy and quoted Batzs denial of being in league with theroyalist enemies of France:

I affirm th at I took no part in any of the events,

nor in an y of the conspiracies, w hose causes or

effects have been attributed to m e. I will go fur-

ther: I affirm, for the edifica tion of those w ho

do not know m e, that it w ould have been

impossible for me to be ostensibly a c itizen of

the Republic while I was secretly conspiring

against it; that to ask the help and protection of

its laws w hile I w as attacking it under their

shelter w ould h ave seemed to me very base and

cow ardly. I affirm then, that w hile in France I

carr ied on no kin d of corr espondence nor had

any re la t ions wha tever , d i r ec t or ind i r ect ,

w i t h t he ki ngs, pr in ces, generals, and mi nis-

ters wh ose chief agent i t pl eased the Com-

mi t t ees to const i tut e me: nor even w ith anyforeigner or emigre w hatever: an d to a ny man

w ho ca n give me the lie I grant full permission

to expose me. Had I played so prominent a part

in Europe I should certain ly seek some conso-

lation in th e glory of such important u ndertak-

ings. I should a t least absta in from senseless

denials and disclaimers of actions that, after all

my troubles, would entitle me to rew ards

w hichto be quite frankall the treasures and

36.Henri Sanson,Memoirs of the Sansons [1688-1847] (ed. Henry San-son) (London: Chatto & Windus, 1876) Vol. II at 173.

37.G. Lenotre,A Gascon Royalist in Revolutionary Paris: The Baron deBatz 1792-1794 (trans. Margaret Key Stawell) (N.Y.: Dodd Mead,1910) at 224.



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Robespierres Revelation Requires Understanding Cloots

favours of all the kings of the earth cou ld never

pay.38

Batz was adamant therefore he was never involved inany counter-revolutionary conspiracy. All the evidence washe was supporting the revolutionaries.

Robespierres Revelation Requires

Understanding Cloots

Thus, these exposures by Robespierre become further

examples of exposures of the Illuminati without using theirname. Robespierre eventually reached out to nab the mostobvious Illuminatus in the nation Cloots aka Clootz andbroke his power, by using the Foreign Conspiracy accusa-tion to grab Cloots at the end of 1793.

In doing this, Robespierre revealed his own belief inthe influence of the Bavarian Illuminati in the Revolution. Hereferred to them as a foreign cabal with a secret governmentat Paris. He did not name them directly but the context anddetails of this speech reveal that he believed Cloots repre-sented a force far beyond just Cloots and his few friends whowere sent to the scaffold.

Before we provide more details from Robespierresaccusation, we need to step back and examine Cloots.

38.G. Lenotre,A Gascon Royalist in Revolutionary Paris: The Baron deBatz 1792-1794 (trans. Margaret Key Stawell) (N.Y.: Dodd Mead,1910) at 246, quoting Conjuration de Batz ou la Journ des Soixanteat64.



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Biography of Clootz / Cloots

As we shall soon discuss, Clootz/Cloots39first biog-

rapher and an eulogistic one at that,40Georges Avenel,recounted in 1865 that his research indicated Clootz joined

the Illuminati of Bavaria in 1778.41This is dubious to myself.However, from later facts, it appears unquestionable he wasinfluenced by them at some point. Menzel, the greatest Ger-man historian, said:

[In promotin g t]he idea of the I l l um ina t i ...to

extend a u niversal republic over the w holeearth,no one w as so active and consistent a s

the Prussian Baron Cloots; wh o wa s forthw ith

chosen into the National Con vention, and

became the st r ongest p i l l a r of t he par ty of the

I l l um ina t i .42

Billington (then the Librarian of Congress) also like-wise noted that Cloots was the closest collaborator ofGbelin as early as 1781 and member of the masonic under-

world.43Gbelin was the Grand Master of the Nine SistersLodge at Paris as well as a leading member of the Mesmer

lodgeHarmony. Elsewhere, we demonstrate Mesmers lodgein the 1780s was an openly declared affiliate of Weishaupts

Illuminati.44

39.His true name is Clootz. Yet, the French way of spelling it is Cloots.

40.Cloots, Jean Baptiste du val,Encyclopedia Brittanica(1910) at 556(too eulogistic).

41.See Clootz Biographer Georges Avenel Says Clootz HadJoined Weishaupts Illuminati on page 50.

42.Menzel, Nationality and Cosmopolitanism, Deutsche VierteljahrsScrhrifttranslated and published in Absalom Peters,The AmericanEclectic(Jan.-May 1843) Vol. III at 83.

43.Billington, Fire in the Minds of Men, supra, at 109.

44.Secret Societies in France As of 1782 The Level of Illuminati Pen-etration Prior to Wilhemsbad on page 1.



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Thus, while the papers of the Bavarian Illuminati

seized in Bavaria did not reveal Cloots membership, heclearly espoused their peculiar teachings. He publicly advo-cated prior to and during the revolution: a Universal Republic;

a world campaign of wars of liberation to create a world repub-lic; and

the folly of all religion, and a need to extinguish all religion,which he and his cohorts enforced in France by means of theGoddess of Reason church-services, and the execution of thepriests and religionists in France.

As most succinctly put by the Library Association inits biography of Clootz:

He w as an ardent supporter of the liberation of

Europe in th e nam e of the ideals of the Revolu-

tion and expounded adoctr ine of cosmopol i -

tanismand the cul t of reasonin w ritings such

as LOrateur du genr e hum ain(1791) and LaRpubl ique universell e(1792)....Cloot s w asconvinced that a un i ted wor ld r epub l i cwas

near. As a consequence he also started his

at t acks on al l r e l ig ions45

In Clootzs ideology, therefore, we find the twin ideasof a world republic and abolition of all religion which was theidentical twin plan revealed in the seized writings of AdamWeishaupts Illuminati of Bavaria.

Clootz (1755-1794) was born in Berlin, then part ofPrussia. He adopted the enlightened ideas of his uncle AbbCornelius de Pauw (1739-1799). Clootz uncle was a diplo-mat, geographer and philosopher in the court of Frederick the

45.http://www.ilab.org/db/detail.php?booknr=346015092(accessed Nov.26, 2008).

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Great. At eleven years of age [i.e., 1766] [Clootz] was sent

to Paris to complete his education.46At Paris, there he cameto personally know Rousseau and Voltaire.47

Clootz then wrote a drama entitled Voltaire Triom-phant ou les Prtres Decus(The triumphant Voltaire or disil-lusioned priest). Prior to 1775, Clootz father enrolled Clootzin a military academy at Berlin. However, enjoying a largeinheritance, Clootz at age 20 1775 began to traverse

Europe.48By 1778, Clootz joined the Illuminati, his biographer

claims.49Later, Clootz in a public debate of approximately

1791 with Fauchet would say he neither loved nor under-stood the Illuminati, but he never denied being a member.50Menzel, the greatest German historian, felt it impossible to

deny Cloots was an Illuminatus of Weishaupts Order.51

Atheism soon filled Clootz ideology. In 1780, Clootzwrote under the pseudonym Ali-GurBer a book entitledLaCertitude du mahomtisme(London 1780). Despite its title, itwas not a defense of Mohamedism, but a workagainst all

religion, as the Library Association reports.52It was

46.Cloots, Jean Baptiste du val, Encyclopedia Brittanica (1910) at 556.

47.Anacharsis Cloots Wikipedia (German version).


49.See Clootz Biographer Georges Avenel Says Clootz HadJoined Weishaupts Illuminati on page 50.

50.This exchange begins with Cloots saying: Claude Fauchet, I do notlove you or understand you, because I do not love or understand theIlluminati. ( Georges Avenel,Anacharsis Cloots, lorateur du genrehumain(Paris: Librarie Internationale, 1865) Vol. I at 231.)

51. Menzel says in Cloots promoting the idea of the Illuminati...toextend a universal republic over the whole earth,no one was so

active and consistent as the Prussian Baron Cloots; who...became thestrongest pillar of the party of the Illuminati. (Menzel, Nationalityand Cosmopolitanism,Deutsche Vierteljahrs Scrhrifttranslated andpublished in Absalom Peters, The American Eclectic(Jan.-May 1843)Vol. III at 83.)



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designed as a response to Nicolas Sylvestre Bergiers Certi-tude of preuves du christianismeof 1767, and thus served torefute Christianity. The Library Association provides adetailed synopsis and description:

As a consequ ence [Clootz] also started his

atta cks on a ll religions. The present w ork [LaCerti tu de du mahomtisme] is the first resu lt. Itis w ritten in d efence of Holbach [i.e., a famousFrench ath eist thinker], against th e violent

atta ck of Abb Bergier. It is a parod y on th e lat-

ters La Certi tude des preuves du Chr istian isme,

w hich w as in itself a reply to N. Frrets Exa-men cr i ti que des apol ogistes de la reli gion chr-tienne. The pseudony m Gier-Ber under w hichthe present w ork [by C lootz] is w ritten is in fact

an anagram of the priest Nicolas Sylvester Ber-

gier (1708-1790). Cloot s sho w ed th at t he sa me

arguments used b y Bergier to prove that Ch ris-

tianity w as the true religion, could a lso be used

to prove that Mohamm edanism w as the true

religion. He extensively argued tha t Islam [thus

likew ise] w as no religion butan invent i on of

th e bel ievers themselves, an d in the extensive

notes, taking up more space throughout thebook than t he origina l text itself, he c la imed

the same for Chr i st i an i ty .The w ork consists

of tw o parts and is w ritten in the form of letters

to teach an d convinc e a friend. At the end are

ad ded : Lettres d une ph ilosophe un e jeune

thologien, now openly attacking Christian

religion; and a Supplement in which objec-

tions are raised by a priest, a believer and a

Jesuit respectively, follow ed by d ialogues

betw een the priest and a free thinker, a believer

52.Clootz, http://www.ilab.org/db/detail.php?booknr=346015092(accessed Nov. 26, 2008).

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and a n on-believer, and a Jesuit and the author

himself.53

Thus, being already properly illuminized about thefolly of religion, Cloots was about to serve an even moreimportant role. And his actions demonstrated he was a totalconvert to Weishaupts ideology whether a true member ornot.

When the revolution broke out in France, Clootz wentto Paris in 1789 thinking the opportunity favorable to estab-

lishing his dream of a universal family of nations.54Clootsfell in with the right crowd. He was a member of the Jacobin

Club since its foundation in 1789.55Predictably, Cloots then became a part of the Cercle

Social of Paris founded in 1789.56The Cercle Social was asecret society which had a published house connected to it.The Cercle Social was operated by Nicolas Bonneville, the

self-professed follower of the Bavarian Illuminati at Paris.57

53.http://www.ilab.org/db/detail.php?booknr=346015092(accessed Nov.26, 2008).


55.Cloots,La Republique Universelle(1792) at 166, quoted in PaulineKleingeld, Defending the plurality of states: Cloots, Kant, andRawls, Social Theory and Practice(Oct. 1, 2006) (available online athttp://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28972609_ITM (accessed Nov. 27 2008).

56.Avenel in his biography of Cloots gives an account of Cloots entryinto the Cercle Social (apparently in 1789), and the publication by it ofone of his works. See Georges Avenel,Anacharsis Cloots, lorateur dugenre humain(Paris: Librarie Internationale, 1865) Vol. I at 221-23.

The fact Cloots was a member of Cercle Social is indicated in Buchez &Roux,Histoire parlementaire de la rvolution franaise (Paris: Paulin,1834) Vol. 9 at 443 where it explains that the open letters betweenFauchet and Cloots over whether Voltaire was an aristocrat as Fauchetclaimed reflected a debate inside the Cercle Social itself.

See also Antiquariaat MATTHYS DE JONGH (Netherlands), http://www.mdejongh.com/117.html(accessed 2/15/09)(lists Cloots amongmembers of Cercle Social).

http://www.ilab.org/db/detail.php?booknr=346015092http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-http://www.mdejongh.com/117.htmlhttp://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.mdejongh.com/117.htmlhttp://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-http://www.ilab.org/db/detail.php?booknr=346015092


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In 1790, Cloots became a national celebrity as a result

of the next incident. On June 19, 1790, Clootz entered theParis National Assembly, accompanied with 36 people, as aEmbassy of the human race (Ambassade du genre humain)and he declared that the world adhered to the Declaration of

human Rights of Man and Citizen.58Each of the 36 partici-pants appeared in appropriate national costumes German,Dutch, Swiss, even Indian, Turkish and Persian. They con-gratulated the Assembly for having restored primitive equal-ity among men and encouraged by the glorious example ofthe French, all the peoples of the universe would soon breakthe yoke of the tyrants who oppress them.

57.Albert Mathiez (1874-1932), Professor at the Universit of Besanon,Dijon and renown scholar of the French Revolution with over 31scholarly books on the revolution to his credit, says the Cercle Socialin fact... was a Masonic lodge in which Bonneville, the smoky andbold spirit, [was] the Grand Chief. The great aim is to instruct, to pre-pare the spirits toward profound changes which it keeps from the restwhich is announced in veiled and mysterious terms. (Isabelle Bour-din,Les Socits Populaires Paris, etc. (Paris 1910), supra, at 159

quoting A.Mathiez,Le Club des Cordeliers pendant la crise deVarennes et le massacre du Champ de Mars(Geneva: Slatkine, 1975).)

Bonneville in 1791 admitted the origin of his ideas were Weishaupts Illu-minati. Bonneville wrote in his journal Bouche De Fer, the mouth-piece of the Cercle Social, about Mirabeaus 1788 defense of theBavarian Illuminati in Mirabeaus On The Prussian Monarchy. Afterreferencing how that passage impacted himself, Bonneville claimed hewas carrying on the Bavarian Illuminati program in France: Thisproject (of the Illuminati) continues. Mr. Mirabeau was beautiful,noble and great; and since the very instant when [electoral] districtswere summoned in May 1789 [for the Estates General], The Mouth ofIron, persevered with all its might their noble intentions, and never hasabandoned the principles and promises of THOSE WHOSE NAME ISCURSED BY POSTERITY [i.e.,the Illuminati]. Albert Mathiez, R.Le Forestier, Les Illumins de Baviere et la Franc-Maonnerie alle-mande. Paris, Hachette, 1915 [review]. Annales Rvolutionnaires(Besancon: Millot Frres, 1916) VIII at 432, 436.



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The 36 participants requested that they be permitted

to participate in the ceremonies celebrating the revolution onJuly 14th. The Assembly was so happy to promote Cloots andhis propaganda stunt that the Assembly printed and distrib-uted no fewer thanhalf a million copies of Clootss request,and a thousand foreigners took part in the anniversary festivi-

ties.59

Since that spectacle, Cloots was one of themost

prominent political figuresof Paris.60From that point on, Cloots was known everywhere as

the Speaker of the human race (orateur du genre humain).

The scribbler now was a prominent figure in France. Sincehis entry into Paris in 1789, Cloots was a public orator andwrote articles for several revolutionary journals La Chro-nique de Paris,Le Patriot franais,Les Annales patriotiqueandLes Rvolutions de France. It was this charade, however,of 1790 that made him famous and on everyones lips.

Then Clootz in 1791 published the bookLOrateur dugenre humain, ou du Dpche Prussien Cloots au Prussien

Herzberg(The speaker of the human race or messages ofPrussian Cloots to the Prussian Herzberg).

By November 1791, Clootz was literally redrawing

the map of Europe. He proposed universal war and the divi-sion of Europe into departments, beginning with Savoy, Bel-gium, Holland (i.e., the Netherlands) and so on, all the way tothe Arctic Ocean. These policy theories later became reality.

Hebert, a friend and revolutionary ally, found this ideaof initiating an universal war to found a universal republica bit idealistic. He said:



60.Anacharsis Cloots Wikipedia (German version).

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I do not believe as the prophet Ana cha rsis

Clootz. .. that w e should do as Don Quixote didand undertakeun ive rsa l w ar in order to con-

vert to freedom those w ho are not yet w orthy of

it. It is up to time an d reason to effectuate such

a m iracle.61

Undaunted, at the Jacobin Club, Clootz soon shouted,I shall not rest until there is a republic on the moon!

After the June 1790 procession of world representa-tives before the Convention, Clootz dropped his Christianname, and now adopted the nameAnarcharsis. He put asidehis titles of nobility as well as his Christian first name andcalled himself Anacharsis after the natural philosophers of

the sixth century BC....62On April 21, 1792, Clootz took the rostrum in the leg-

islative Convention, and wasthe first in the legislature toadvocate long before anyone else that the French found a

Republic. (The republic was founded on September 21st.)Clootz said that the legislators should change the governmentto a Universal Republic.

Cloots received French citizenship in August 1792and by September he was elected from the Oise department to

the National Convention. Cloots was a firm representative ofthe move to war against the monarchies of Europe. He evencontributed large sums for the purchase in 1792 of militaryarmaments. Cloots gave 12,000 livrestoward the equippingof forty or fifty fighters in the sacred cause of man against

tyrants.63His speech in doing so is quite memorable, as heextols again the idea of an Universal Republic which book hesimultaneously presented to his fellow legislators:

61.Louis Jacob,Hbert,La Pre Duchesne, chef de sans-culottes (Paris:Gallimard, 1960) at 304, quoted in Julia Kristeva, Leon Roudiez,Strangers to Ourselves(1994) at 211.

62.Anacharsis Cloots Wikipedia (German version). See also Cloots,Jean Baptiste du val,Encyclopedia Brittanica (1910) at 556.




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Here is the crisis of the universe. God enta n-

gled the primitive chaos; the French willunra vel the feud al cha os. God is pow erful. We

are pow erful. Free men are th e gods of the

Earth. They m ake w ar on us w ith serf soldiers

and w ith extorted money. We make a holy w ar

on them w ith free soldiers and contributions

volunta rily consented. Our victories w ill be our

banquets. Legislators, I place in the sanctuary,

in the presence of my supporters, in the sanc-

tuary of the constitutional God, th e sum of

tw elve thousand livres to dress, equip, arm and

pay 40 to 50 fighters in the sacred w ar of men

against crow ns. I present to y ou at the same

time my last w ork whose very title makes the

aristocrats tremble: The Un iversal Republi c.

The book to which Cloots referred wasLa Rpub-lique universal address ou aux tyrannicides - lde la quatre

du redemption (1792). This title in English means The WorldRepublic or acclamation to the tyrant slayer - In Year 4 of

salvation. In this book, Cloots espoused sentiments worthy ofWeishaupt in every particular. Cloots asked: The prejudices[of nationality] spring from such deep roots that no one has

even thought of asking: Why is there more than one state?64

Cloots in this work saw eye-to-eye with Weishaupt in otherways, most notably in matters of religion. Cloots wrote:

Religion is a social disease w hich cannot be too

quickly cured. A religious man is a depraved

animal.65


65.Cloots,La Republique Universelle(1792) at 27 quoted Nesta Webster,World Revolution(1921) at 100.

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Cloots went on:

[T]he peopl e are the sovereign of t he w orld,

and furthermore that it wa s God, that France

w as the cradle and rallying point of the god-

people, tha t only fools fear a Su preme

Being....66

A summary of this book by an Antiquarian bookselleralso shows Cloots agreement on Weishaupts cure to socialills communism:

Cloots denounces the nobility (tyrants of the

huma n race) and prophetically an nounced the

advent of universa l r epub l ic w hich Paris

would be the future capital, [and] the French

Revolution w as a foretaste of a un iversal revo-

lution. There is the dream of asupranat iona l

stateand a global communism....67

Cloots Ideas Impact National Policy

On September 28, 1792, Cloots ideas began toimpact national policy. At the Club of the Jacobins where

Cloots was then a leader, Chabot gave a speech in oppositionto annexing territory. Instead, creating federated republicswould be the best form of a Universal Republic. Thuriotcalled for a more nationalistic approach, and that Franceshould annex territories it invades and liberates. The accountof this episode and the reply is as follows:

66.Julia Kristeva, Leon Roudiez, Strangers to Ourselves, supra, at 211 fn.65.

67.SARL Librairie Le Feu Follet (Paris) http://www.edition-origi-nale.com/Jean-Baptiste-Baron-de-CLOOTS-La-republique-uni-verselle-ou-adresse-aux-tyrannicides-par-Anacharsis-Cloots-orateur-du-genre-humain-A-Paris-1792.html,21538 (accessed 11/27/2008).

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In the Club d es Jacobin s at th e meeting of 28

September, Chabot, based on the theory of auniversa l repub l i c, condemned th e idea of

an nexing Sa voy to France; Thu riot replied to

him: . . . and I, on the contrary, I think it is con-

trary to th e interests of France that Savoy

should take any other form than the 84th

departm ent [n.b. equiva lent to a state], and i t is

a mis take to be l ieve that France w ould

renounce the r ight of conquest. . . , that she has

w aived the right to mainta in, as its ow n prop-

erty an d territory wh at it has w rested from dic-

tators in defending itself against unjust

aggression.68

This federative form of a universal republic originatedwith Brissot and the Cercle Social. Brissot had regarded anannexation of states within its natural boundaries but beyondthat others would be federative republics: Unity of thedepartments of France, extension to the boundaries pre-scribed for it by nature, and beyond, a belt of federative

republics.69

The Brissotins were in domination, and Chabotsagreement sealed the agenda of how to accomplish Cloots

dream. Cloots, however, had to solve the important questionof how to do this without overburdening the state finances.

In October 1792, Cloots formulated a solution in a

report to the Committee of Diplomacy and War.70Uponinvasion, the French army would requisition a contributionproportionate to what the country could pay to finance the

68.F. Bornarel, Cambon et la rvolution franaise(Paris: 1905) at 215-16.69.Franois Furet, Mona Ozouf,A critical dictionary of the French Revo-

lution (1989) at 56.

70. This plan was later employed by the Revolutionary armies.



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liberation effort. It would not go to the agents of tyranny.71Frances enemies would therefore pay for this project ofextending a Republic around the world.

The French generals in the field supported Clootsproject. The head general was Dumouriez, and he wrote onOctober 12, 1792 to the Convention:

Freedom triumphs everywhere; guided by the

philosophy , she w ill travel the universe; having

informed people, it undermines all thrones,

having crushed d espotism. The c onstitutional

law s you are w orking on, w ill be the basis of

happiness and thebrotherhood of nat ions.Th is war w i l l be the last, and tyrants and priv-

ileged deceived in their criminal calculations

w ill be the only victim s of this struggle of rea-

son against arbitrary power.72

On October 28, 1792, the Jacobin Club of Paris wasvisited by a deputation from Savoy. They carried bannerswhich said on them Universal Republic and on others Tothe French, Liberators of Peoples, the Savoyans recognize

you!73

Victory on World Republic Agenda in 1792

Cloots battle to win out in his ideas on a world repub-lic became a storm in the Convention (legislature) and at theJacobin Club in November 1792. More Proof that Cloots wastaken seriously, and thus a power-broker, comes from thesedebates and decrees in November 1792. Thus, while mosthistorians forget about Cloots and the storm of opinion hewas leading throughout France, he was clearly a leading fgureof France during the period of formulating the idea of a world

71.F. Bornarel, Cambon et la rvolution franaise(Paris: 1905) at 212.





28/68



revolutionary republic and the war policy of a world libera-

tion movement. Because this exactly aligned withWeishaupts plans, one has to study this period intensely tounderstand what foreign cabal and secret governmentthat Robespierre was targeting when he overthrew Cloots inDecember 1793. (Our view is that Cloots was a renegade, andwith his money-bags took his own route to accomplishWeishaupts agenda. We do not believe he was the Illumi-natis agent during this period. Yet, Robespierre did not knowthis, and we are trying to discover the traits of Cloots ideol-ogy that Robespierre was attacking as stemming from a for-eign cabal.)

World Revolutionary Legislation

First, the majority in the Convention on November19, 1792 approved a motion made by Deputy de LaRevellireLePalais. The decree said France would move the whole ofEurope, and she accords brotherhood and relief to all peoplewho want to recover their freedom, and the executive branchwould be instructed to give general orders to bring relief tothese people and defend the [foreign] citizens who were upset

[with tyranny] or could be the cause of freedom.74

The Convention ordered thatthis decree should betranslated into various languages and published in all

countries occupied by French troops. Dr. Bornarel explainsthe circumstances:

The vote of the decree w as a v ote of enthusi-

asm an d the idea of a crusade undertaken by

France, to propagate the Declaration of Rights

in Europe, inflamed the popular ima gination.

Local poets composed hy mns in the honor of

the Univ ersa l Republ i c.75





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Military Commanders Endorse Goal of Universal Republic

On November 26, 1792 General douard Jean-Bap-tiste Milhaud (1766-1833) stepped forth to voice support forthe Universal Republic idea. This military leader of the Revo-lutionary Army took the pseudonym Cumin. He gave afamous speech on November 26, 1792 at the Jacobins in sup-port of Cloots idea. Milhaud would return as a powerful mil-itary commander under every succeeding French governmentuntil Louise Philippe in 1830. Milaud on that evening in 1792showed off his credentials. He explained that he knew theobstacles to such a world republic. He admitted that one maylogically infer that the system of the Universal Republicis apurely speculative chimera but he said he was nonethelessconvinced about it:

I support the Uni versal Republ ic that is both

one and in divisible... [w hich ] ma y exist despite

all obstacles.76

Regarding the natural differences, Milhaud concededthat now the morals of a Turkish robust peasant is far differ-ent than the urban manners of our own. Admittedly, theunity of mankind is neither for today nor for tomorrow. How-

ever, it is the duty of a Republican to work towards this goal:

Ah! if it w as true that aw akening of people

came, if it was true that reversal of all thrones

had become the result of our weapons an d rev-

olutionary volcano, an d th e Republican virtues

finally had vengeance upon all the crow ned

crimes of the w orld, that each region became

free, and then formed a government in line

w ith w hat na ture more or less w ould have as

76.Le gnral Milhaud au Snat, Regards dAuvergne Bulletin duComit de la Haute Auvergne(May 2005) at 25, citing Adolphe Thiers(1797-1877),History of the French Revolution (Furne & Co. Publish-ers, Paris, 1823-1827).



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its (phy sical) extent, [and th en in tu rn] their

national Conventions [i.e., legislature] sentmembers to make at th e center [i.e., Pa ris] anextraordinary global and universal convention

w hich w ould ensure and constantly maintain

hum an rights, freedom of the General Trad e

and the peace of mankind. Behold! [you h ave]

a Uni versa l Republ i c! B ut even if it w ere

impossible to achieve this beautiful plan, at

least it is worth trying to approach it; to extend

the circle of the republic a s far as justice, policy

and the common good of France an d its neigh-

bors command .77

Rebuttals in The Legislature To This Utopian Scheme

Not all were pleased by this scheme of world revolu-tion to form a world republic. A minority growing in powerdissented. The next day on November 27, 1792, foreshad-owing Robespierres sentiments against Cloots attack onpatriotism, we read that at the Convention session Grgoire inthe face of sarcasm tried to prove a Universal Republic was

an impossible dream to realize78He said the immense dif-ferences that result from climate, distances, production, soiland industry, language, and customs, makes the project ofbringing the universe together into a political unity aUni-versal Republic represents in politics the same thing as

trying to find the philosophers stone in physics....79

Some anonymous works appeared to satirize Clootsidea as world war for world peace a seeming contradictionin terms. [I]n a booklet entitledNeither Marat nor Roland ...

77.Le gnral Milhaud au Snat, Regards dAuvergne Bulletin duComit de la Haute Auvergne(May 2005) at 25, citing Adolphe Thiers

(1797-1877),History of the French Revolution (Furne & Co. Publish-ers, Paris, 1823-1827).





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Cloots Simultaneous Anti-Religion Campaign

one reads: I am not surprised at the aversion of the Rolan-

dists to the Universal Republicof the sans-culottes. We cantell them that universal peace has a price universal law.Tender-hearted men [must learn] that war is necessary fromtime to time, and like when we heal the human body, some

bloodletting of the human race is necessary.80

Cloots Simultaneous Anti-Religion

Campaign

The Wikipediaon Cloots explains that at the verysame time Cloots was promoting world war for world revolu-tion to found a World Republic he was the leader of the Cultof Reason movement an effort to impose atheism using therobes of a civil religion:

With h is revolutionary utopia a imed at estab-

lishing a w or ld repub l i c, it became increas-

ingly evident th at Clootz. . .and.. . his views led

him to come in proximity w ith a splinter group

of Hbertists, w hose cul t of r eason, he [Clootz ]

also represented. On 10 August 1792 he for-sw ore all religions and declar ed h im sel f t he

personal enemy of Jesus. The clima x of his

political ca reer took place w hen he presented

on 10 November 1793 an organized atheist ic

ceremony in the Cathedra l of Not r e-Dame de

Paris, w hich he tra nsform ed into a templ e of

reason and freedom.

Clootz exact words about Jesus from August 1792were I am the personal enemy of Jesus Christ. And he

simultaneously abjured all revealed religions.81




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Here was a man worthy of Weishaupts Illuminati at

the heart of all the major policy events of the French Revolu-tion of 1792-1793 until Robespierre seizes power from him.Despite his enormous contributions, Cloots is virtuallyignored by historians from the U.S.A. Could it be becauseCloots so evidently was indoctrinated by the Bavarian Illumi-nati (by means of his membership at one point in the CercleSocial) and he did everything that possibly could be expectedof him to make the dreams of the Illuminati come true?

Whatever the reason for ignoring this man, Clootswas not content with mere rhetoric. Cloots and his allies sooninstituted all kinds of draconian decrees, including the mass

roundup of suspects. The prisons became filled with priestswho were suspected as fifth columnists82which fear wasspread by Cloots and his cohorts. Yet, it was not Clootsparty, but Marat who devised the plan to slaughter the priestsin the jails the famous event known as the September mas-sacres of 1792.

How Cloots Feasts of Reason Swept Religion Out of France

The effort to impose atheism on France in the garb ofa new civil religion of reason sometimes misnomered as

theDechristianizing Movement had as its leaders: Clootz, elected representative to Convention and the head of the

French Foreign Legions;83

Chaumette, Procurer of the Commune (i.e., the governing bodyof Paris);

Hbert, the dominating leader of the Commune.

81.Cloots, Jean Baptiste du val,Encyclopedia Brittanica (1910) at 556.As a member of the Convention, Clootz also voted for the execution ofthe deposed King Louis XVI. The margin in favor of death was a sin-

gle vote, and thus Clootz vote was just as decisive as every other votefor death.

82.McManners, The French Revolution and the Church(1969) at 64.

83.McManners, The French Revolution and the Church(1969) at 87.



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Cloots Simultaneous Anti-Religion Campaign

Collot as well as Billaud-Varenne (a rabid critic of religion pre-

revolution),84and Fouch two of the nations twelve mem-ber executive committee at Paris known as the Committee ofPublic Safety (CPS). This was the official body which laterorchestrated the Reign of Terror.

Sieys who in the Convention spoke as a legislator in favor ofthe new Feast of Reason system on November 11, 1793. Hehad officially previously drawn up the ceremonies of the newfestivals of reason as a program of the Committee of Educa-

tion.85

Until the fall of Hbert in late 1793, national power

was being arrogated to itself by the Paris Commune under hiscontrol, along with Cloots and his friends. [R]adical revolu-tionists like Chaumette and Anarcharsis Clootz...wished to

dechristianize France, and [u]nder their influence theCommune of Paris, not the convention, passed decrees(November 28) ordaining the festival of Reason (November

10) and the closure of the churches.86

84.Prior to the revolution, Billaud-Varenne was a failed lawyer andwriter. Yet, his polemic against any religion but of nature was printedin 1787, entitled The Last Blow Against Prejudice and Superstition. Init, Billaud proposed all property of the church should be confiscatedand that the clergy were to be controlled by the state. (This plan wasintroduced to the National Assembly by Talleyrand and Mirabeau in1789.) Anything in Christianity that did not arise from nature and afew words of Jesus was to be removed from doctrine and services asmystification invented by cunning priests to entrench their power. Anygroup who opposed this plan represented a vile interest, he wrote,and its motives will be too contemptible to give it ear to its clamor.(See, Schama, Citizens, supra, at 694-95; John McManners, TheFrench Revolution and the Church (Wesport, Conn.: GreenwoodPress, 1989) at 7-8.) Billaud in 1793 wrote a book entitled Elements of

Republicanism. Palmer notes that in it Billaud was arguing for a divi-sion of wealth and the right of every man to employment. (Palmer,Twelve Who Ruled, supra, at 40.) Billaud with Collot pushed for theJuly 26, 1793 law against hoarding. It embodied many components ofstate socialism to it.



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Thus, while atheism was not imposed by the national

legislature, it was coming from officials at the Paris-Com-mune level wielding executive power to impose their willsacross France.

Eulogius Schneider was a virtual carbon-copy ofCloots, and at Strasbourg, France, Schneider assumed the roleof a revolutionary tribunal. He enforced atheism and terror-ism simultaneously. Schneider, a member of WeishauptsIlluminati, travelled from Bonn, Germany to take controlover Strasbourg, a city in France. Schneiders dates of rise

and fall parallel Cloots exactly.87

Thus, when Robespierre arrested Cloots andSchneider in December 1793 and later arrested Chaumetteand Hbert, and had them executed in March 1794, the lastremnants of the Illuminati had fallen. The prior more influen-tial Cercle Social an Illuminati-lodge by another name had been driven to extinction in July 1793. Thus, with botharms of the Illuminati, both its lodge and its independently-operating members like Cloots, having been destroyed, theIlluminati remnants eventually responded. In July 1794,Fouch enlisted his fellow CPS members to arrest Robespi-erre so as to stop Robespierres effort to move the revolution

toward the right as Robespierre was moving againt athe-ism and cosmopolitanism, and instead toward deism andnationalism.

85.J.M. Thompson,Leaders of the French Revolution (Oxford: BasilBlackwell, 1989) at 12 (He [Sieys] never sank lower than when hespoke in the Convention on November 11, 1793, in support of the anti-clerical demonstrations of the Feast of Reason.) He drew up the planfor such festivals previously as a member of the Committee of Educa-tion. In the speech to which Thompson refers, Sieys made quite animpressive gesture: when the authorities celebrated the Feast of Rea-son, and demanded the sacrifice among others, of the Abbs letters ofpriesthood, he renounced them, together with his benefices of 10,000francs. (Obituary Abb Sieys, The Gentleman's Magazine(1836)at 427.)

86. Henry Cabot Lodge, The history of nationsVol. X: F.A. Mignet, TheFrench Revolution(Philadelphia: John D. Morris & Co., 1906) at 284.



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August 1793 Fest iva l o f Reunion (Paganism Of Cagl iostro Revived)

Part of the proof that Robespierre came from the right

was his effort to stop Atheism.

August 1793 Festival of Reunion (PaganismOf Cagliostro Revived)

Prior to the revolution, Cagliostros Paris Egyptian-

Freemasonry lodge was known as the Lodge Isis.88ThenBonneville inLEsprit des Religionspublished an extensivework advocating that the French regard the goddess Isis as

the historic deity of the Druids of France.89 Other than thesetwo sources, there is no known popularity of Isis in Franceprior to 1792 that can possibly otherwise explain what wewill next discuss.

87.Eulogius Schneiders career paralleled Cloots. Schneider engaged inthe suppression of Christianity at Strasbourg, France, leading the Fes-tival of Reason on November 21, 1793 where emblems of the churchwere piled in a rude heap. Schneider then went about with a portableguillotine killing at least 30 citizens who tried resisting his regime atStrasbourg. St. Just, right-hand man to Robespierre, and who decriedthe ultra-radicals, had Schneider arrested December 15, 1793.

Schneider was executed at Paris on April 1, 1794. (EulogiusSchneider, Wikipedia.)

Eulogius Schneider joined the Bavarian Illuminati at Neuweid, accordingto the doctoral dissertation of Edmund Nacken, Eulogius Schneider inDeutschland (1758-1791)(Bonn: 1933), published as part of Studienber Eulogius Schneider in Deutschland(Bonn: 1933), cited by Bill-ington, Fire in the Minds of Men, supra, at 61; 527 n.39; 540 n. 63.Nacken was a specialist on the Illuminati in Germany. SeeEdmundNacken, Die Minervalkirche von Stagira. Zur Geschichte des Illumi-naten-Ordens im kurfrstlichen Bonn,Bonner Geschichtsbltter1(1937) at 167-75.

After joining the Illuminati, Schneider moved 26 miles north-west ofNeuweid to Bonn. There Terry Melanson says Schneider became a

member of the Bonn Reading Society founded in 1787 as a camouflageorganization for the Bavarian Illuminati of Bonn which previously dis-banded formally in 1785. (Terry Melanson, Perfectibilists: The 18thCentury Bavarian Order of the Illuminati(Trine Day, 2009) at 412,433 n.92.)



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In the ancient religion of Egypt, they worshipped a

goddess known asIsis. The myth of Isis was that by herpower Osiris, her sister, was resurrected. Isis was also the

consort of...Hathor atthe Festival of Reunion.90Her statuewould be carried into a temple to meet a male deity-statue aspart of a mating ritual. This was to celebrate the renewal of

life.91As a result of this annual Festival of Reunion, the godof all gods the Sun would be born nine months later. Asa result, Isis was also known as the Queen of Heaven andMother of God. This was because her celestial sign is in thecelestial Virgo, which is deemed to make her the mother of

the Sun-god the chief god whose birth was celebratedon December 25th precisely nine months after the sym-

bolic reunion of March 25th.92

To celebrate the August 10th revolution of 1792, thegovernment sponsored aFestival of Reunionon August 10,1793. (This was the identical name for the Egyptian festival.)A statue of the goddess Isis was the centerpiece of the civil

celebration.93

88.See Cagliostros Exposure on page 1 et seq.

89.See Nicolas Bonneville, The Spirit of Religions(1792) (trans. Marco diLuchetti, 2009),passim.

90.Safiya Karimah,Moon Goddess(2003) at 19. This festival was playedout at Denderah.

91. See David Frankfurter, Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late AntiqueEgypt (Brill-Die Deutsche Bibliothek, 1998) at 235.

See also, The Festival of the Beautiful Reunion, http://www.philae.nu/akhet/BeautReun.html

92.Katharine Hillard, The Black Madonna of Loreto, The AtlanticMonthly(1889) at 412. Interestingly, Eusebius in the 300s condemnedthat some women transferred the worship of Ceres (aka Isis) to theworship of Mary.Id. Later, the Lady-Day aka the Feast of Annuncia-

tion, March 25th, was a date which was obviously made to coincidewith the date dedicated to Cybele, the mother of the gods.Id., at 412.The Egyptians on this date celebrated the Union of Isis and Osiris,and nine months later (on December 25th) celebrated the birthday ofHarpocrates, which means the sun in winter. Id.

http://www.philae.nu/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.philae.nu/


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August 1793 Fest iva l o f Reunion (Paganism Of Cagl iostro Revived)

Who was behind this event at Paris? The plan for this

fountain from Isis breasts appeared in the Cercle Socialsjournal run by Condorcet, Chronique de Parisof July 18,1793. Billington quotes it:

From her fertile breasts (wh ich she w ill press

w ith her han ds) w ill spurt an abu nda nce of

pure and h ealthful w ater. From it shall drink,

each in his turn , the eight-six comm issioners

sent from the primary assemb lies...a single cup

shall serve for all.94

This entire ceremony was choreographed by the

painter David.95The statue of Isis was constructed by

Davids brother-in-law.96

Then right at this juncture, the Montagnards in theJacobins were in the process of crushing the Cercle Social /Brissotin party out of French life. The July 1793 editionswould be the last month of publication for the Chronique deParis. However, David was a close friend of Robespierre whonow was dominating at the Committee of Public Safety.Hence, despite the ceremony being bizarre, it was not entirelyatheistic. Thus, Robespierre let it proceed. In fact, Davids

93.In this engraving of the Festival of Reunion or Unity of 10 August1793, a female statue of Nature in the form of the Egyptian goddessIsis represents the regeneration of the French people. It sits on the siteof the Bastille prison, whose fall signaled the beginning of the Revolu-tion. The engraving depicts the statue as made of stone, but in fact itwas hastily constructed of papier mache. This engraving was printed in1797 as part of a series of commemorative prints of events of the revo-lution. http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/searchfr.php?func-tion=find&keyword=engraving#

94.Billington, Fire in the Minds of Men (2007 reprint) at 45, citing infootnote 142 the Chronique de Parisof July 18, 1793. For backgroundon this as Condorcets journal printed by the Cercle Social, see Hlene

Delsaux, Condorcet Journaliste (1790-1794)(Paris: Librairie Anci-enne, 1931) at 273, 274, 275, 277, 279, 349.

95.Quinlan, id., at 111.

96.Billington, supra, at 45.

http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/searchfr.php?func-http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://www.novapdf.com/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/searchfr.php?func-


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cartoon drawings in anticipation of this event were ordered

reprinted in 500 copies by the Committee of Public Safety.97The only explanation that this went forward was because ofDavids good relations with Robespierre: [David] had beenelected as a deputy to the National Convention, and becamea

close associate of Robespierre.98

At the ceremony, a choir of young girls in virginalwhite sang a hymn written by Gossec entitledHymn toNature.The President of the National Convention, M.J.Hrault de Schelles, climbed a flight of stairs leading to animposing fountain of regeneration, and above this fountain

towereda statue of the Egyptian goddess Isis.99Waterstreamed from her breasts. A representative from each of the86 departments took a drink from the fountain. As they leftthe podium, they received an artillery salvo and a fraternalembrace.

Cloots Engineers Atheism as National

Policy Through Executive Decrees of Paris

and Department Rulings

While Robespierres was allowing the Cercle Social-inspired Pagan celebrations in August 1793, Cloots and hisfriends began using the Commune (city-government) at Paristo spread official atheism across France.

At this juncture, Cloots co-operated with Chaumettein preaching the worship of reason. To him deism appeared asculpable as catholicism itself. Cloots never ceased to propose

97.Jacques-Louis David and Dorothy Johnson,Jacques Louis David(Rosemont Publishing, 2007) at 127

98.Jack Richard Censer, Lynn Avery Hunt,Liberty, Equality, Fraternity(Penn. State Press, 2004) at 92.

99.Sean M. Quinlan, The Great Nation in Decline (Vermont: Ashgate,2007) at 111.



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Cloots Engineers Atheism as National Policy Through Executive Decrees of

the destruction of tyrants, and of all sorts of gods, declaring

that there is no other God but Nature, no other sovereign butthe human race, the people-god; and that it was now hightime to destroy religion, the only obstacle to the happiness ofmankind.

The hopes

robespierres revelation of illuminati influence

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