robert adler huan wu ( u. of maryland) fritz policelli (nasa/gsfc ) dalia kirschbaum
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Global Flood and Landslide Monitoring and Forecasting using Satellite Data . Robert Adler Huan Wu ( U. of Maryland) Fritz Policelli (NASA/GSFC ) Dalia Kirschbaum (NASA/GSFC). Australian Floods 11 January 2011. 00 GMT 11 Jan. Brisbane. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Robert AdlerHuan Wu
(U. of Maryland)Fritz Policelli
(NASA/GSFC)Dalia Kirschbaum
(NASA/GSFC)
mm
Relative Routed Runoff—calculated water depth above 95th percentile threshold—values above 50
clearly associated with flooding
Australian Floods 11 January 2011
Brisbane
00 GMT 11 Jan
Global Flood and Landslide Monitoring and Forecasting using Satellite Data
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Three Related Projects in Estimating Floods and Landslides from Space
1. Monitoring global floods using satellite rainfall and a hydrological model
2. Monitoring global flood extent using satellite imagery (e.g., visible from MODIS and Synthetic Aperture Radar [SAR])
3. Estimating landslide occurrence globally using satellite rainfall and surface data
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TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA/3B42)
3-hr, 0.25° lat./long/ resolution-data available ~ 6 hrs after observation
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
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We now have the ability to accurately monitor heavy rain events globally
mm
Relative Routed Runoff—calculated water depth above 95th percentile
threshold—values above 50 clearly associated with
flooding
Australian Floods January 2011
Brisbane
00 GMT 11 Jan
Relative to 95% Level (mm)
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Global
Regional“Local”
A global hydrological model uses satellite
rainfall and other information to
calculate stream flow and water depth.
Thresholds based on historical runs are
used to set flood thresholds locally
We Can Monitor Flood Evolution—Is the flood getting worse?
mm
Australian Floods 9-13 January 2011
00 GMT 9 Jan 00 GMT 10 Jan 00 GMT 11 Jan
00 GMT 12 Jan 12 GMT 12 Jan 00 GMT 13 Jan
Brisbane
12 GMT 11 Jan
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Distribution Products: MODIS Flood Map (MFM) 10° tile png graphic
Automated Flood Mapping Using MODIS Data—complements hydrology calculations just shown
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Distribution: OAS website
http://oas.gsfc.nasa.gov/floodmap
Continental tile overview
Specific tile: • date selection• adjacent tile navigator
Geographic Tiles Automatically Produced and Available for Use
Global Landslide Nowcasting
Rainfall Data:TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA)0.25° pixel resolution, 3-hourly
Surface Data:• Topographic variables• Land cover• Soil Type and Texture• Drainage Density
Circles enclose small areas of estimated landslide activity 8
Typhoon Morakot (Etau) August 8, 2009
Numerous and massive landslides throughout Southern and Central Taiwan. Over 500 people killed in Shiao Lin
Example of Landslide Nowcast/Forecast
We can estimate areas of high potential for landslides using satellite rainfall and surface information
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Summary and Future Work• Global flood and landslide estimation and observation has achieved
initial success. However, significant room for technical improvement, operation readiness, transfer of information and techniques to under developed countries and scientist and disaster management training
Improved precipitation information via time-space integration, geo-IR, ancillary data, model input, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission [2014]
Big issue is shallow orographic rainfall—passive techniques tend to underestimate significantly
Improved global hydrological and landslide modeling via finer resolution, possible nested approach, regional and basin tuning, accounting for water management (dams), inclusion of snow melt processes Automated flood mapping will improve via corrections for mountain and cloud shadows and use of space radar data to “see” through clouds Use of NWP precipitation information in both global and regional context— as models improve joint use of satellite and model rainfall for flood and landslide applications will also improve
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Improvements Needed