roadmap_slum-free-delhi-03aug2010

Major Principles and Policy Changes required…

For a Slum Free Delhi 2014 For a Slum Free Delhi 2014

Presentation to Chief Secretary of Delhi

by Romi Roy & Rakhi Mehra

03 Aug 2010

Major Principles and Policy Changes required…

For a Slum Free Delhi 2014 - 2024For a Slum Free Delhi 2014 - 2024

Presentation to Chief Secretary of Delhi

by Romi Roy & Rakhi Mehra

03 Aug 2010

RAJIV AWAS YOJNA:

Positive Policies:

i. Tenure rights to slum dwellers/urban poor as

the first step.

ii. “Whole City” Approach - With a whole city approach,

vacant land inventory would be made. A citywide plan

would be made to shift untenable slums to the nearest

possible available vacant land or notified.

iii. Involvement of private bodies.

iv. Planning ahead and providing new affordable

housing stock in advance, to prevent future slums.

v. Reservation of low-income housing as a % of all new

?

Source:

Consultant, MCD Slum & JJ Dept. 2010

v. Reservation of low-income housing as a % of all new

private developments.

vi. Amendment to Rent Control Legislation, at least to the

extent that will enable New Rental Housing Stock to

be created, and on terms governed by the market.

vii. Primacy would be given to the provision of

infrastructure.

viii.Transit Oriented Redevelopment.

Negative Policies:

� Selection based on arbitrary Eligibility Criteria and

allotment

� Formulae for PPP that may not be site relevant.

DELHI GOVT. POLICY

i. Effectively a “Allocation Guideline”:

ii. Eligibility Criteria leaves large segments of low-income groups unaccounted for:

� 31.12.1998 Cut off date Proof

� Below 60 K Household Income

iii. Highly subsidized standard size ownership home fails to address

?

ownership home fails to address ground realities.

Implications:

• Free/ Subsidized Homes are quickly sold off

& people move back to slums.

• Only 10-20% of current Slum Population is

“ELIGIBLE”. But where will the rest go??

• Not a sustainable or “realistic” model.

• No long term vision.

�

Policy changes for a Slum Free Delhi 2014

1. Plan long term, not stop-gap – Need proactive & reactive Regional

Strategies and Whole City Approach

2. Don’t tempt more migration – Provide NO Subsidy for homes. Subsidize

Land only, if required.

3. One Size does not Fit All – allow customization of products to socio

economic needs – Provide a range of Rental and Ownership options

for self-selection.for self-selection.

4. Prevent social stigma and marginalization

income mixed-use communities.

5. De-pressurize existing city Infrastructure

decentralized infrastructure on all new projects.

6. Reduce municipal dependency – Empower the Community.

*TOD = Transit Oriented Development is the process of integrated Transportation, Infrastructure and Landuse Planning which

maximizes public transportation usage and best optimizes population growth with infrastructural and transportation investment

Policy changes for a Slum Free Delhi 2014 -2024:

Need proactive & reactive Regional

Strategies and Whole City Approach - TOD*

Provide NO Subsidy for homes. Subsidize

allow customization of products to socio-

Provide a range of Rental and Ownership options

Prevent social stigma and marginalization – Create symbiotic mixed-

pressurize existing city Infrastructure – Mandate natural/


Empower the Community.

TOD = Transit Oriented Development is the process of integrated Transportation, Infrastructure and Landuse Planning which

maximizes public transportation usage and best optimizes population growth with infrastructural and transportation investments.

“Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is

mixed use development near new or existing public transportation

infrastructure that provides housing, employment, entertainment and

civic functions within walking distance of transit.

TOD Definition:

Integration of Transportation, Infrastructure and Landuse Planning in

TOD - maximizes public transport usage and best optimizes

population growth with infrastructural and transportation investments.

*TOD at NCT level is already initiated by UTTIPEC. It needs to be initiated at NCR level by NCRPB, urgently.

Oriented Development (TOD) is compact, high-density,

near new or existing public transportation

infrastructure that provides housing, employment, entertainment and

civic functions within walking distance of transit.

TOD Definition:

Integration of Transportation, Infrastructure and Landuse Planning in

maximizes public transport usage and best optimizes

population growth with infrastructural and transportation investments.

TOD at NCT level is already initiated by UTTIPEC. It needs to be initiated at NCR level by NCRPB, urgently.

1. Plan long term, not stop

– Need Regional and Whole City Approach

Source: Times of India, Nov 2009

RRTS must be built to incentivize growth of sub

Employment Centres should be decentralized to decongest Delhi.

Plan long term, not stop-gap

Need Regional and Whole City Approach - TOD

growth of sub-cities to minimize immigration into Delhi –

should be decentralized to decongest Delhi.

Most of Delhi will be within 5 min walking/cycling/rickshaw distance of proposed MRTS.



170 K per

Housing Stock required

as per MPD-2021:

Current Masterplan

Restructured TOD

170 K per

year

55% of Total

= BPL + EWS

55% of Total

= BPL + EWS

95 K per

year

For every 100 new homes

provided in the city, 55 homes

must be for the urban poor!



Current Masterplan

Restructured TOD-based Masterplan

Base CaseBase CaseBase CaseBase Case

TOD Scenario Building: Densification along RRTS & MRTS to

accommodate immigrating population has huge Savings…

Romi Roy UTTIPEC

New Infrastructure Costs

7.1

3.6

0 2 4 6 8

Base Case

Vision Scenario

Billions of Dollars

Annual Vehicle Hours Traveled

200 250

Base Case

Vision Scenario

Millions of VHT

Sprawl

TOD VisionTOD VisionTOD VisionTOD Vision

Densification along RRTS & MRTS to

accommodate immigrating population has huge Savings…

Annual Vehicle Hours Traveled

443

394

300 350 400 450

Millions of VHT

Annual Transit Trips

96

132

0 50 100 150

Base Case

Vision Scenario

Millions of Trips

Densify near Stations

• Infill/ New / Redevelopment Potential Analysis: within 500

• Potential for accommodating affordable housing stock on Transport lands.

• Designing viable financial models for affordable housing provision

Source:

Consultant, MCD Slum & JJ Dept. 2010Graphics Source: Nishant Lall ([email protected])

Credits: LA Now Project, University of California, Los Angeles

Infill/ New / Redevelopment Potential Analysis: within 500-1500 M of MRTS

Potential for accommodating affordable housing stock on Transport lands.

Designing viable financial models for affordable housing provision

Graphics Source: Nishant Lall ([email protected])


Whole City Approach: Infill & Densification Potential Study for

Source:


: Infill & Densification Potential Study for Inner City

� Potential for Densification.

� Potential for Infill on empty/ under-utilized sites.

� Potential sites for accommodating missing

social infrastructure.

Study 1500 M from MRTS

Stations for:

Graphics Source: Nishant Lall ([email protected])


1500 M walkingradius

Typical New Community Layout:� All new or redeveloped high-density

housing must be within 1500-2000 M walk/

cycling distance from an MRTS Station.

� Housing options must be clustered with

local employment opportunities – both

formal and informal. This includes

proximity to High-income groups to

provide informal employment.

Whole City Approach: Planning New Mixed

Source:


Low income housing

(Size < 500 families)

High/ Middle income housing

Commercial

Offices/ Light Industrial

Schools/ Libraries/ Civic uses

Public Parks


� To avoid the creation of large “planned

slums”, New low-income groups must be

integrated in small clusters within mixed-

income mixed-use neighborhoods. This

also allows cross-subsidization of

physical and social infrastructure for low-

income groups.


: Planning New Mixed-income Communities in Outskirts

Rapid Transit Station(Metro/ BRT)

Low income housing



Commercial



Public ParksImage Source: Paromita (Romi) Roy



Steps to Implement for Whole City/ Whole Region Approach:

a) Conduct integrated Transport and Population/ Employment Modeling

project how NCR & NCT Population and Employment projections would be

accommodated along Transit Corridors

absorption potential along RRTS/ MRTS corridors.

b) Commission a City/ Regional level Market Study b) Commission a City/ Regional level Market Study

demands/ projections of the Market, such that strategies can be made prudent

without making loss-making investments. (similar to Mumbai McKinsey Vision

report)

c) Develop a matrix of customized Public Sector and Private Sector (PPP)

Strategies for provision of low-income housing.

d) Set “real” and stringent Targets for implementation

including DUSIB, DSIIDC, DDA, DMRC, Transport Dept, etc.)



Steps to Implement for Whole City/ Whole Region Approach:

Conduct integrated Transport and Population/ Employment Modeling to

project how NCR & NCT Population and Employment projections would be

accommodated along Transit Corridors – evaluate phased growth and

absorption potential along RRTS/ MRTS corridors.

Commission a City/ Regional level Market Study to understand trends/ Commission a City/ Regional level Market Study to understand trends/

demands/ projections of the Market, such that strategies can be made prudent

making investments. (similar to Mumbai McKinsey Vision

Develop a matrix of customized Public Sector and Private Sector (PPP)

income housing.

Set “real” and stringent Targets for implementation (by various agencies

including DUSIB, DSIIDC, DDA, DMRC, Transport Dept, etc.)

2. Don’t tempt more migration 2. Don’t tempt more migration

– Provide NO Subsidy for homes. Subsidize Land only, if required.

Don’t tempt more migration Don’t tempt more migration

Provide NO Subsidy for homes. Subsidize Land only, if required.

• Give Tenure Rights at a cost, OR

• Develop with Remunerative uses to cross

cost of land.

• NOT TO BE SUBSIDIZED.

• Funded through (Public or Private) Developer investment

and personal/ group savings.

• People have to pay full cost of home construction, as per

their paying capacities.

Land

Home CostNOT SUBSIDIZED:

CROSS SUBSIDIZED:

Services

Economic

prosperity

• Government funded and built

• Cross

neighbourhood developments.

• Funded through Group

schemes, partnering with NGOs+CBOs.NOT SUBSIDIZED:

CROSS SUBSIDIZED:

Give Tenure Rights at a cost, OR

Develop with Remunerative uses to cross-subsidize

cost of land.

NOT TO BE SUBSIDIZED.

Funded through (Public or Private) Developer investment

and personal/ group savings.

People have to pay full cost of home construction, as per

their paying capacities.

Government funded and built

Cross-subsidized through Mixed-use Mixed income

neighbourhood developments.

Funded through Group-pooling and Micro-finance

schemes, partnering with NGOs+CBOs.

Cross Subsidies can generate “pool funds” for Amenities & Services…

• Cross Subsidization - for Land, infrastructure and common amenities,

• Symbiosis through Proximity b/w HIG & EWS.

• Common Shared Amenities – Schools, Parks, Markets

Direct subsidies towards housing cost should not be provided

sustainable model for the city to finance. Moreover, providing subsidized flats only tempts or

induces people to sell or rent them out immediately in order to increase their liquid incomes, and

therefore does not actually solve the housing problem.

Secondary Street / Lane

Main Street(High Visibility / Commercial Value)

Low Income Housing Units

Mid-High Income Housing/Commercial Uses

Cross Subsidies can generate “pool funds” for Amenities & Services…

for Land, infrastructure and common amenities, NOT homes.

through Proximity b/w HIG & EWS.

Schools, Parks, Markets

Direct subsidies towards housing cost should not be provided as this is not a feasible and

sustainable model for the city to finance. Moreover, providing subsidized flats only tempts or

induces people to sell or rent them out immediately in order to increase their liquid incomes, and

therefore does not actually solve the housing problem.

Income Housing/Commercial Uses

3. One Size does not Fit All

– Allow customization of products to socio– Allow customization of products to socio

– Provide a range of Rental and Ownership options for self

– Enable financing, not provide.

One Size does not Fit All

Allow customization of products to socio-economic needs.Allow customization of products to socio-economic needs.

Provide a range of Rental and Ownership options for self-selection.

Enable financing, not provide.

10 millionAbove Rs. 15,000/

Average Monthly Income

– Conduct Socio-Economic Surveys to determine

product relationship to income brackets

23 million

21 million

9 million

Rs. 12,000/(~1.5 Lakh p.a.)

Source : All India Survey, Monitor Group � 2008

Rs. 5,000/(~60,000 p.a.)

Rs. 2,500/(~30,000 p.a.)

EXISTING HOUSING MARKET

Economic Surveys to determine

product relationship to income brackets….

Possible Target Product

23 million

21 million

INTERESTED IN HOME OWNERSHIP

LOOKING FOR RENTAL

NEED FOR SHELTERS

microHomeSolutions Feb 2010

Affordability & Upward Mobility Options

New low-income

immigrants

Cooperative / Group Ownership Options near Employment

Inner City individual Ownership with smallest allowable unit sizes.

Outer City individual Ownership with larger unit sizes.

Outer City Rent to Ownership Options

Low-income or ‘slum’ population

Options near Employment & Transit Centres

Inner City Rental (shared or single)

Inner City Rental (shared or single)

Rental (shared or single) Rental (shared or single) Inner City Rental (shared or single)

Rental (shared or single) Rental (shared or single) Inner City Rental

Affordability & Upward Mobility Options are Location & Product Sensitive

NEW

MIXED INCOME

COMMUNITIES:

near transit,with shared amenities

MOST

EXPENSIVE:

Cooperative / Group Ownership Options near Employment Provide

Inner City individual Ownership with smallest allowable unit sizes.

Outer City individual Ownership with larger unit sizes.

Outer City Rent to Ownership Options

Options near Employment & Transit Centres

Inner City Rental (shared or single) - YEARLY

Inner City Rental (shared or single) - MONTHLY

LEAST

EXPENSIVERental (shared or single) - MONTHLYRental (shared or single) - MONTHLYInner City Rental (shared or single) - DAILY

Rental (shared or single) - MONTHLYRental (shared or single) - MONTHLYInner City Rental - NIGHT SHELTERS

Provide Upward Mobility Options

Affordability & Upward Mobility Options are Location &

Target PopulationApt/ Unit

sizeLeasing

Housing

SolutionDemand Supply

▪Middle to high income

families

3 room &

aboveOwnership

Private

developer driven

housing

Only ~45%

of total

demand?

Adequate

supply rate?

▪

Low to medium income

families with the

ability obtain a

mortgage

2/ 3 room Ownership

Private

developer driven

housing

▪


young couples/

singles with an ability

obtain a mortgage

2/3 room Ownership

Private

developer driven

housingobtain a mortgage

▪


Singles with short

term housing needs

1/2 room

(serviced

apartments,

studios, etc)

Rental

Private

developer driven

housing

?No formal

supply

▪


families with small

personal savings

1/2 room Rental

Mainly Govt.,

Also privately

produced.

?Inadequate

supply

▪

Low income families

with uncertain income/

contracted or daily

wage workers, etc.

Shared

room

Short-term

Rental

Govt. produced

& managed.?

Inadequate

supply

▪

Low income singles/

families with negligible

income

Shared

Night

Shelter

Daily

Rentals

Govt. produced

& managed.?

Inadequate

supply


SupplyPrice of

Unit

Loan

Amount

Savings/

Mortgage

Adequate

supply rate?

The following types of

housing also need to

be included in the

mixed-housing variety

required for the city –

to ensure that low-

income housing is not

taken over by other

categories of home

seekers, e.g:

No formal

supply

Inadequate

supply

Inadequate

supply

Inadequate

supply

� Home for the Aged.

� Youth Hostels.

� Service Apartments for

young professionals.

� Govt. Housing for low-

income employees.

� Working women’s

hostels.

� Small-unit rental

housing.

Modular 25 sq.m. Units can adapt to various cost/ income brackets.

D.U.Size(Sq.m)

Unit sizes (sq.ft.) Earthwork Structure

Foundation/Plinth Brickwork

CPWD Rates for slum Development = 600/sft

25 269

Ownership Units: Typical Size =

. Units can adapt to various cost/ income brackets.

Brickwork for walls etcFinishing Toilet

DU Total Constructi

on Cost10 % profit

margin

CPWD Rates for slum Development = 600/sftIndividual Individual

5000 269000 301400

: Typical Size = 25 sqm

25 m2

One bedroom

Medium size kitchen

Independent Toilet


Dormitory Units: Typical Size = 25 sqm

Shared Toilet/ Bathroom for

10-12 persons

SpecificationsNumber of Units

Area of Dormitory ( 6 per room) 36.25

Number of Dormitories 50

Total Square metre 1812.5


25 sqm; Shared Toilet between 2 “units”

Per unit Const. Cost

(Rs)Rental/Sale price /sqm

Sale price per unit (Rs)

362500

50 4500Rs 25 p/p per day


D.U.Size(Sq.m)

Unit sizes (sq.ft.) Earthwork Structure


CPWD Rates for slum Development = 1000/sft

12 129

Rental Units: “Half” Units = 12.5 sqm

12.5 m2

Individual Kitchen

Shared bathroom



Brickwork for walls etc Finishing Toilet

DU Total Constructi

on Cost

10 % profit margin

CPWD Rates for slum Development = 1000/sft Lumsum (per unit )

2500 129000 144650

12.5 sqm; Shared Toilet between 2-4 families

12.5 m2

Individual Kitchen

Shared bathroom

Shared Toilet/ Bathroom for 10-12 persons


MIG Units : “Double” Units = 50 sqm

SpecificationsNumber of Units

Area of MIG Apartment 72.5

Number of MIG apartments 150

Total Square metre 10875


Building Height and

inclusion vs. exclusion of

Lifts – creates further

variations in per-unit costs

for MIG.

Per unit Const. Cost (Rs)

Rental/Sale price /sqm

Sale price per unit (Rs)

725000 18000per sqm 1305000

150

for MIG.

Affordability & Upward Mobility Options are

“Made for Rent” “Live in Harmony”

Option 1 Option 2a Option 2b

Density = 600 du/ha

(As per MPD)

All G+4;

Cost Effective

High (50%) of Rental

Suitable for most sites.

FAR = 4

(as per MPD)

High % of MIG Rentals

Highest Density

Ideal for sites within

500m of MRTS

catchments.

Ideal for generating funds for

Ideal for Inner City sites with

*Sample Mix Options developed for Mongolpuri Pilot Site.


“Cross and Mix” “Rent today Own tomorrow”

Option 2b Option 3

Model for Cross Subsidy to

partly recover opportunity

cost of Land

Ideal for generating funds for

other Site + Services

Projects

Ideal for Inner City sites with

high current land value.

Ideal for sites within 500 M

of MRTS catchments, for

generating Revenue.

Encourage Rent-to-

Ownership model

Encourage micro-

mortgage financing.

Model most suitable for

NEW industrializing areas.

Various mix of unit types can yield different

Product OfferingCarpet

area/ unitOption 1(units)

1 Rentals- Dormitory 25 sqm 166

2 Ownership- LIG 25 sqm 189

3 Ownership- MIG 50 sqm 103

4 Twin Room Rental 25 sqm 496

5 Micro Enterprises 25 sqm 885 Micro Enterprises 25 sqm 88

6 Commercial Office 25 sqm

7 Commercial Retail 762 sqm

# FAR 2.3

# Density Achieved 561

# Total Units 957

Profitability (%)over 10 years

13.10%


Various mix of unit types can yield different Cross-Subsidy Scenarios

Option 1(units)

Option 2(units)

Option 3(units)

Portfolio Mix

166 130 35 50

189 215 402 400

103 500 132 150

496 312 160 260

88 88 13 4588 88 13 45

0 0 105

0 0 3

2.3 4.0 2.4 2.4

561 1038 540 640 du/ha

957 1158 729 905 du

13.10% 49.67% 122.62% 23%


Socio-Economic Analysis is critical for generating Affordable Mix Scenarios:

Physical

Survey

Environmental Suitability

(Nallahs, floodplains, etc.)

Infrastructure Services

Social Amenities

(Schools/ Parks/ Clinics/ etc. as /MPD)

Proportion of Renters vs.

interested Home Owners

SOI

Test Site

Bio-Metric

Survey

Ward/ Assembly LevelWard/ Assembly Level

Lifestyle Requirements

Paying Capabilities

Social Networks, NGOs/CBOs

Eligibility

Ineligibility

Type of In-Situ Strategy

Socio-

Economic

SurveyLocal Economic Synergies

is critical for generating Affordable Mix Scenarios:

Environmental Suitability

(Nallahs, floodplains, etc.)

Infrastructure Services

Social Amenities

(Schools/ Parks/ Clinics/ etc. as /MPD)

• Existing Capacity

• How much more needed?

• Is decentralized Infrastructure

feasible?

• Space requirements for

additional infrastructure…

Proportion of Renters vs.

interested Home Owners• Renters

• Home Owners

Lifestyle Requirements

• Home Owners

• Is decentralized Infrastructure

feasible?

• Unit Design/ Composition:

• 12 sq m

• 18 sq. m

• 25 sq m

Paying Capabilities

Social Networks, NGOs/CBOs • Space requirements for social

activities

Situ Strategy

Beneficiary Allocation

Many Affordable Options – Rental

or Ownership

Upgradation, Redevelopment,

or local Relocation

Local Economic Synergies

4. Prevent social stigma and marginalization4. Prevent social stigma and marginalization

– Create symbiotic mixed-income mixed

Prevent social stigma and marginalizationPrevent social stigma and marginalization


Large dislocated groups of people become “Planned Slums”

� Large resettlement colonies – become crime-infested, marginalized “social ghettos” with inadequate

infrastructure and negative self-respect; besides being disconnected from informal employment sectors.

Large dislocated groups of people become “Planned Slums”

infested, marginalized “social ghettos” with inadequate

respect; besides being disconnected from informal employment sectors.

Seelampur, Delhi Seemapuri, Delhi

Dakshinpuri, Delhi

Bring in Cross-investment in current marginalized

� Instead of sending more people to poorer areas like

Bhavana, Savda Ghevra, etc. – we need to attract

private investment here and bring in more MIG and

HIG groups.

� Concentrations of very low-income in clusters larger

than 500 families in one location must be avoided.

� Instead they may be dispersed throughout the � Instead they may be dispersed throughout the

community in smaller clusters, for better integration

into the overall community.

Investment and introduction of new community uses, small offices and

cultural facilities near Fruitvale Metro Station gradually transformed

the area from a ‘highest crime-rate’ area to a City level attraction.

investment in current marginalized neighbourhoods.

Instead of sending more people to poorer areas like

we need to attract

private investment here and bring in more MIG and

income in clusters larger

than 500 families in one location must be avoided.

Before

AfterImages Source: The Unity Council

community in smaller clusters, for better integration

Investment and introduction of new community uses, small offices and

cultural facilities near Fruitvale Metro Station gradually transformed

rate’ area to a City level attraction.

1500 M walking

Typical New Community Layout:

� All new or redeveloped high-density

housing must be within 1500-2000 M walk/

cycling distance from an MRTS Station.

� Housing options must be clustered with

local employment opportunities – both

formal and informal. This includes


All new developments in Outskirts must be mixed

Source:


Low income housing



Commercial



Public Parks



� To avoid the creation of large “planned

slums”, New low-income groups must be

integrated in small clusters within mixed-

income mixed-use neighborhoods. This

also allows cross-subsidization of

physical and social infrastructure for low-

income groups.


All new developments in Outskirts must be mixed-income mixed-use.

Rapid Transit Station(Metro/ BRT)

Low income housing



Commercial



Public Parks Image Source: Paromita (Romi) Roy


– Provide missing social and physical infrastructure.– Provide missing social and physical infrastructure.

– Mandate natural/ decentralized infrastructure on all new projects.

pressurize existing city Infrastructure

Provide missing social and physical infrastructure.Provide missing social and physical infrastructure.

Mandate natural/ decentralized infrastructure on all new projects.

Social & Infrastructure Deficiency Analysis

a) Current Densities on study site as well as neighboring sites.

b) Vacant/ underutilized lands available within the Assembly as well as within 2000 M buffer of MRTS corridors.

c) Quality and age of buildings

d) Lands within 1500M buffer of MRTS – that are either under-utilized or marked for redensification or redevelopment as per

The Analysis to be done on DSSDI’s digital (CAD/ GIS) drawings:

redensification or redevelopment as per Masterplan or approved Zonal plans.

e) Land/ Property ownership.

f) Existing infrastructure and utilities (underground/ over ground) and their state.

g) Existing environmental constraints and Suitability Analysis of available sites.

h) Current access to employment opportunities.

i) Current access to education, health care and social infrastructure, and corresponding deficiencies as per MPD-2021 norms.

j) Existing environmental constraints and Topography – and corresponding ‘Suitability Analysis’ of available sites.

Social & Infrastructure Deficiency Analysis & Infill Potential Analysis:

The Analysis to be done on DSSDI’s digital (CAD/ GIS) drawings:

Water Crisis - 90% of Wasted Water in City can be Recycled and Reused.

Reduce Water Demand: Use “water efficient” fixtures

Reduce Water Loss: Install leakage monitoring devices in the

supply system

Recycle & Reuse Water: Recycle water through

According to the MPD 2021, pg. 148:

• About 40 percent of the treated water supplied by the DJB daily is never used for drinking.domestic chores, including flushing of toilets.

• The avoidable wastage has continued for years even as the city's demand for drinking water is rising by 20MGD • The avoidable wastage has continued for years even as the city's demand for drinking water is rising by 20MGD per year.

• The level of groundwater is decreasing at a rate of 0.5 m per annum..

~210 lpcd of water

can be recycled

90% of Wasted Water in City can be Recycled and Reused.

Use “water efficient” fixtures

Install leakage monitoring devices in the

supply system

Recycle water through Natural Sewage Treatment

About 40 percent of the treated water supplied by the DJB daily is never used for drinking. Instead it is used for

The avoidable wastage has continued for years even as the city's demand for drinking water is rising by 20MGD The avoidable wastage has continued for years even as the city's demand for drinking water is rising by 20MGD

The level of groundwater is decreasing at a rate of 0.5 m per annum..

Recycled water can be used for ~90 lpcd of non-potable uses

Surplus recycled water can be used for Ground Water Recharge.

Decentralized Infrastructure should be mandatory for all projects.

Treat at Source:

Use street-swales or raingardens to filter and convey water naturally.

This also helps save on piping cost, while providing additional

greenery.

1)

Street bio-filtration bedStreet bio-filtration bed

Since there is limited possibility to lay new Sewers & Potable Water is severely deficient, low

INFRASTRUCTURE methods must be an integral part of all Slum upgradation or new or redevelopment projects.

Natural Storm Water

Management

Small Biogas Plants

greenery.

Capture and Convey Naturally:

Parks and Open spaces should be multi-used as detention ponds

during rainy seasons, while remaining usable green spaces for the rest

of the year.

2)

Final treatment of remaining storm water can take place at a natural

treatment wetland or a conventional facility.

3)

Detention PondDetention PondWetlandWetland

Parks/ DetentionParks/ Detention

Sewage Treatment Beds

to provide 80% recycled

Decentralized Infrastructure should be mandatory for all projects.

Since there is limited possibility to lay new Sewers & Potable Water is severely deficient, low-cost DECENTRALIZED

INFRASTRUCTURE methods must be an integral part of all Slum upgradation or new or redevelopment projects.

Natural Storm Water

Management

Small Biogas Plants

The “floating” type biogas plant at a Working Women's Hostel, Trivandrum

A natural sewage treatment facility

implemented in Bombay University

by NEERI

Sewage Treatment Beds

to provide 80% recycled

water.

Integrate Infrastructure with Transportation Corridors.

Example: Besides, Japan, New York, etc. many cities in Taiwan

have incorporated common utility ducts into their MRTS designs.

*Source: Dept. of Rapid Transit Systems, Taipei

Integrate Infrastructure with Transportation Corridors.

Integrate Decentralized

Infrastructure Systems into

planning of upcoming MRTS

corridors.

Densification along MRTS

corridors will also ensure

Example: Besides, Japan, New York, etc. many cities in Taiwan

have incorporated common utility ducts into their MRTS designs.

corridors will also ensure

concentrated demand along

MRTS, thus increasing

efficiency and optimizing

investment.

6. Reduce municipal dependency6. Reduce municipal dependency

– Empower the Community.

Reduce municipal dependencyReduce municipal dependency


Role of Community Based Organizations from onset

• In Mumbai, the secret of success lies in the involvement of localized Community Based

Organizations (CBOs) at all stages of Slum Rehabilitation:Organizations (CBOs) at all stages of Slum Rehabilitation:

1) Conducting of Socio-Economic Surveys

2) Mobilizing the entire community’s Women to start small Savings

borrowing small group loans, etc. (Mahila Milan)

3) Making Small loans available for families to make investments in cottage industries, children’s

education, home improvements, etc.

4) Selecting Community Representatives to run, maintain and oversee their own

5) Facilitating the employment of local people in local construction and maintenance activities.

6) Addressing community grievances and self-policing

Role of Community Based Organizations from onset – is critical for success!

In Mumbai, the secret of success lies in the involvement of localized Community Based

Organizations (CBOs) at all stages of Slum Rehabilitation:Organizations (CBOs) at all stages of Slum Rehabilitation:

Women to start small Savings, and subsequently lending/

Milan)

to make investments in cottage industries, children’s

Selecting Community Representatives to run, maintain and oversee their own Community Toilets.

in local construction and maintenance activities.

policing.

• Develop with Renumerative

uses to cross-subsidize

housing and services. • Government funded

and built • Funded through (Public or

Private) Developer investment

OR, personal/ group savings.

Land Services Construction

G O V T. R O L ENGOs

• Funded through Group-pooling

and Micro-finance Schemes.

• Funded through Group-pooling

and Micro-finance schemes,

partnering with NGOs+CBOs.

Funded through (Public or

Private) Developer investment

OR, personal/ group savings.

Maintenance-

Upgradation

Economic

prosperityConstruction

C. B. O. R O L ENGOs

Government:

Loans

Financing

NGOs

Bank or MFICooperative/

Group Savings

NGOs

Financing

Land Cost Basic Infrastructure

Cooperative/

Group Savings

Home Cost

Education

Cottage industry

HomesHomesGovernment Government

LoansLoans

Building

Materials

Training/

Expertise

Micro-Finance Institutions

Banks

NGOs

HomesHomesLoansLoans

Labour Time

Self-Help Groups/ CBOs

NGOs

Long term Long term

prosperityprosperityGovernment Government

LoansLoans

Healthcare

+ Education

Investment

capital

Finance Institutions

prosperityprosperityLoansLoans

Help Groups/ CBOs

Encourage

SavingSkill-building

Policy changes for a Slum Free Delhi 2014

1. Plan long term, not stop-gap – Need proactive & reactive Regional

Strategies and Whole City Approach

2. Don’t tempt more migration – Provide NO Subsidy for homes. Subsidize

Land only, if required.

3. One Size does not Fit All – allow customization of products to socio

economic needs – Provide a range of Rental and Ownership options

for self-selection.for self-selection.

4. Prevent social stigma and marginalization




6. Reduce municipal dependency – Empower the Community.

*TOD = Transit Oriented Development is the process of integrated Transportation, Infrastructure and Landuse Planning which

maximizes public transportation usage and best optimizes population growth with infrastructural and transportation investment

Policy changes for a Slum Free Delhi 2014 -2024:

Need proactive & reactive Regional

Strategies and Whole City Approach - TOD*

Provide NO Subsidy for homes. Subsidize

allow customization of products to socio-

Provide a range of Rental and Ownership options

Prevent social stigma and marginalization – Create symbiotic mixed-

pressurize existing city Infrastructure – Mandate natural/



TOD = Transit Oriented Development is the process of integrated Transportation, Infrastructure and Landuse Planning which

maximizes public transportation usage and best optimizes population growth with infrastructural and transportation investments.

Shelter Improvement Board

Existing Slum

Upgradation/ Redev.

Existing

Resettlement

Colonies

1. Topo/ Total Station Survey2. Socio3. Architect/ Designer 4. Decentralized Infrastructure Design Team

(detailed systems design)5. Real Estate Economist

with Architect or developer)6. Anthropologist

Internal Shelter Board Core Team (conceptualizing, monitoring,

streamlining, overseeing

implementation):

1. Architect, Urban Designer2. Urban Planner3. Sociologist, Anthropologist4. Community Finance Expert5. Real Estate Specialist6. Decentralized Infrastructure

specialist7. Legal consultant

Resettlement New EWS/ LIG

Stock

New MIG/ HIG/

Cross-subsidy Uses

External Consultants required for:

Topo/ Total Station SurveySocio-Economic SurveyArchitect/ Designer (for Working Drawings)Decentralized Infrastructure Design Team (detailed systems design)Real Estate Economist (must be sub-consultant with Architect or developer)Anthropologist (co-consultant with Architect team)

Shelter is a human right, not Apartment TitlesShelter is a human right, not Apartment TitlesShelter is a human right, not Apartment TitlesShelter is a human right, not Apartment Titles

roadmap_slum-free-delhi-03aug2010

Documents

city approach tod source

tod definition

inner city

slum free delhi

new rental housing stock

tod scenario building

new projects

new affordablehousing