road safety in urban areas: challenges and...
TRANSCRIPT
1h.treve (CERTU)
Road Safety in Urban areas: Challenges and Strategies
Hubert Trève (CERTU)Washington – September 2006
2h.treve (CERTU)
Road safety in France – 2005
• 87 026 accidents with injuries• 5 543 deaths within 30 days
• 111 683 injured• 40 792 hospitalised
cost : 119 milliards euros
50 % for urban accidents
3h.treve (CERTU)
A2 out of 3 accidents occur in urban areas
Killed Accidents
Urban areas
31% 68%
Rural areas
69% 32%
4h.treve (CERTU)
Accident severity / city sizedeath/100 accidents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
< 5 000 5 000 à 20 000 20 000 à 100 000 > 100 000
catégories d'agglomérations
gravitéAccidents severity
City SIZE °( number inhabitant)
5h.treve (CERTU)
Accidents/ road category
00%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% de voies % d'accidents
voies principales autres voies
catégories de voies
Main roads Local roads
Road category% km
10 %50 %
6h.treve (CERTU)
Deaths by user’s categoryin urban accidents
0buses-TC
8 (0.5%)trucks
507 (35%)cars
307 (21%)motorcycles
159 (11%)mopets
81 (6%)Bicycles
368 (25%)pedestrian
Death numberCATEGORY
Onisr 2004
7h.treve (CERTU)
Pedestrians and two-wheeled vehicles are the most sensitive users
33 % 25% 5%
2 killed on 3 are vulnerables users
37%
39%
24%
78%
18%4%agglomération rase campagne
piétonspiétonspiétonspiétons2 rouesVL + autres 2 rouesVL + autres
8h.treve (CERTU)
Fatal accidents annual decrease :a recent positive evolution
Tués - ensemble du réseau - janvier 1999 - juillet 2004Valeurs (annualisées) : c.v.s. et tendance structurelle
sans rupture de tendance
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000
janv-9
9m
ars-99
mai-
99juil-9
9sept-9
9nov-9
9jan
v-00
mar
s-00m
ai-00
juil-00
sept-00
nov-00
janv-0
1m
ars-01
mai-
01juil-0
1sept-0
1nov-0
1jan
v-02
mar
s-02m
ai-02
juil-02
sept-02
nov-02
janv-0
3m
ars-03
mai-
03juil-0
3sept-0
3nov-0
3jan
v-04
mar
s-04m
ai-04
juil-04
c.v.s.
tendance structurelle
borne inférieure (95%)
borne supérieure (95%)
Vps5.tif
Decrease
Period
6,2 %
2002
20,9 %
2003
8,7 %
2004
4,9%2,3 %
20051995-2001
Données France ONISR
9h.treve (CERTU)
The street and its uses
An object• for differents users (bus , cars , bikes, pedestrians)• with various uses (traffic, delivery, parking )
An element of the citywith strong links to the other town components :
housing, trading,services, economic acivities, leisures…
10h.treve (CERTU)
Various uses of urban streets
11h.treve (CERTU)
• Urban spreading
• Enclosing…
• Trading urbanism in suburbs …
Others problems
with the « city for cars »
12h.treve (CERTU)
The reality of accidents
(Inrets)Shock at 20 km/h, 1 injuried
13h.treve (CERTU)
50 km/h 80%
70 km/h 100 %
30 km/h 15 %
Link between speed and probabilityof fatal injury for a pedestrian
14h.treve (CERTU)
Safety , a priority for the Urban Transport System
• A priority for all types of users, not onlymotorists:
ex: increasing walking and cycling will be hard if it isdangerous
• Complementaries with environnement obligations (noise, pollution)
• High safety level needed for public transport• The cost of accidents is too high
15h.treve (CERTU)
A coherent set of actionsto improve safety
• A plan for a city with integrated responses• A medium to long-term thinking• Using proven solutions.
– Most of them are well known; the difficulty is to apply them at a large scale
16h.treve (CERTU)
The keys for ensuring a safer city
• A strong politicial will, with ambitious targets
• A pilot, ie the urban transport authority• High level technicians using efficient
tools• A well informed and active population
17h.treve (CERTU)
How to implement safety : two main stages
1. Knowing and understanding safetyproblems
*Accidents data collection, analysis, diagnosis
2. Setting up technical mesures, according the diagnosis results and experiences
18h.treve (CERTU)
LES IMPLIQUES (suite)
- Répartition des victimes par catégories d'usagers et par classes d'âges
00-13 ans 14-17ans 18-24 ans 25-59 ans >=60 ans Total Tués 2 2
Piétons BG 1 1 5 5 2 14 BL 5 4 7 37 23 76
Tués Bicyclettes BG
BL 4 1 4 6 15 Tués
Cyclomoteurs BGBL 6 4 7 2 19
Tués 1 15 6 1 23 Motos BG 4 42 57 103
BL 5 22 283 583 9 902 Tués 1 1
VL BG 3 3 BL 4 2 14 55 5 80
Classes d'âges
00-13 14-17 18-24 25-59 >=60
58%23%
15% 4%
39%
54%
2%1%
4%
29%
63%
4%2%3%
Knowing local safety problems:statistical analysis of accidents (figures, maps…)
Série chronologique annuelle tous accidents
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
acci
dent
s
Série brute
Courbe de tendance
Valeurs inf del'intervalle deconfiance à 90%Valeurs sup del'intervalle deconfiance à 90 %
Spatial Spatial analysisanalysis
19h.treve (CERTU)
road hierarchy
Speed management
enforcement
urbanism, mobility
30 km/h Zones
major roads
city entrances
pedestrians
cyclists
school
the disabled
delivery
parkingsafety audit
Setting up the right technical measures
training, information
20h.treve (CERTU)
Road hierarchy and functions: 2 main levels
Main roads (10 to 20 %):
separate uses of the spacefor each category
Residential streets(80% of network) :mixed uses
21h.treve (CERTU)
Example of road hierarchy
2200 km in 30 km/h zones
Speed limits
Lille (1 100 000 inhab.)
22h.treve (CERTU)
Improvements on main roads
10 % of the streets with 50 % of accidents and killed
Solutions:1. Insure a good traffic flow:
Depend on junction
2. Speed managementSpace organisationEnforcement
Need of a strict organisation of spacewith possible change in priorities
23h.treve (CERTU)
before
Main roads atCHAMBERY (100 000 inha.)
15 000 veh / j
after
Before: 21 acci / 31 BG
After: 2 acci / 0 BG
24h.treve (CERTU)
Residential streets: safety and quality of life
A fair solution:the 30 km/h zones
25h.treve (CERTU)
PARIS : green areas (30 kmh areas)
after
before
26h.treve (CERTU)
Pedestrians: 3 main principles
• Provide comfortable sidewalks• Think of the right place for
pedestrian crossing• Limit the crossing lenght
27h.treve (CERTU)
Pedestrian and disabled people
Visibility for everybody
Parking facilities
28h.treve (CERTU)
Safety on the way to school
Pédibus(walking bus)
29h.treve (CERTU)
Safe cyclist network
Chambery
30h.treve (CERTU)
Improvement for cycling comfortin Lorient (60,000 inhab.)
before
after
31h.treve (CERTU)
Speed management
• For compatibility between all users
• A priority to vulnerable users
32h.treve (CERTU)
Engineering measures for speed
humps
cushion
speed table
chicane
33h.treve (CERTU)
Enforcement
Speed cameras
34h.treve (CERTU)
A new appproach: Road safety audit (CSPR)
35h.treve (CERTU)
Improving the safety of mobilityin the city is possible
ROAD SAFETYAN ENTIRE DIMENSION OF
THE URBAN MOBILITY PLANHubert Trève (CERTU) Lyon 3- master 8 nov 2005Gloucester (UK) 48% less sever injuries in 5 years
Safer cities: a reality…
Chambéry: 453 acci in1979,
and only 52 in 2000
injuriedaccidents
36h.treve (CERTU)
Conclusions
• Safety generates great expectations from citizens, especially those most vulnerable
•The Urban Mobility Plan can provide an appropriate framework to these expectations.
• The role of local authorities is essential for guiding and implementing actions, with the aim of reconciling mobility with safety.
37h.treve (CERTU)
Safety in villages
• The same concepts can be applied• With a major attention to the main road
which crosses the village
38h.treve (CERTU)
A large experiment in the 80 sSafer cities: a success
beforebefore
after
after
after
39h.treve (CERTU)
Research and activities on Road Safety and Transport
• Regional meetings with local authorities on « Safetyin urban and rural areas »
• French programm PREDIT with stress on urbansafety, involving INRETS, University, Transport, Education and Health ministries
• Researches on urbanism, mobility and safetymanagement , by INRETS
• Europan projects ( DUMAS, Prompt, e.safety, in safety, COST)
• OCDE, PIARC safety group , international coperation(UK, NL, Sw, B)
40h.treve (CERTU)
Thank you for your attention