road safety in urban areas: challenges and...
TRANSCRIPT
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1h.treve (CERTU)
Road Safety in Urban areas: Challenges and Strategies
Hubert Trève (CERTU)Washington – September 2006
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2h.treve (CERTU)
Road safety in France – 2005
• 87 026 accidents with injuries• 5 543 deaths within 30 days
• 111 683 injured• 40 792 hospitalised
cost : 119 milliards euros
50 % for urban accidents
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3h.treve (CERTU)
A2 out of 3 accidents occur in urban areas
Killed Accidents
Urban areas
31% 68%
Rural areas
69% 32%
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4h.treve (CERTU)
Accident severity / city sizedeath/100 accidents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
< 5 000 5 000 à 20 000 20 000 à 100 000 > 100 000
catégories d'agglomérations
gravitéAccidents severity
City SIZE °( number inhabitant)
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5h.treve (CERTU)
Accidents/ road category
00%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
% de voies % d'accidents
voies principales autres voies
catégories de voies
Main roads Local roads
Road category% km
10 %50 %
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6h.treve (CERTU)
Deaths by user’s categoryin urban accidents
0buses-TC
8 (0.5%)trucks
507 (35%)cars
307 (21%)motorcycles
159 (11%)mopets
81 (6%)Bicycles
368 (25%)pedestrian
Death numberCATEGORY
Onisr 2004
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7h.treve (CERTU)
Pedestrians and two-wheeled vehicles are the most sensitive users
33 % 25% 5%
2 killed on 3 are vulnerables users
37%
39%
24%
78%
18%4%agglomération rase campagne
piétonspiétonspiétonspiétons2 rouesVL + autres 2 rouesVL + autres
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8h.treve (CERTU)
Fatal accidents annual decrease :a recent positive evolution
Tués - ensemble du réseau - janvier 1999 - juillet 2004Valeurs (annualisées) : c.v.s. et tendance structurelle
sans rupture de tendance
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000
janv-9
9m
ars-99
mai-
99juil-9
9sept-9
9nov-9
9jan
v-00
mar
s-00m
ai-00
juil-00
sept-00
nov-00
janv-0
1m
ars-01
mai-
01juil-0
1sept-0
1nov-0
1jan
v-02
mar
s-02m
ai-02
juil-02
sept-02
nov-02
janv-0
3m
ars-03
mai-
03juil-0
3sept-0
3nov-0
3jan
v-04
mar
s-04m
ai-04
juil-04
c.v.s.
tendance structurelle
borne inférieure (95%)
borne supérieure (95%)
Vps5.tif
Decrease
Period
6,2 %
2002
20,9 %
2003
8,7 %
2004
4,9%2,3 %
20051995-2001
Données France ONISR
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9h.treve (CERTU)
The street and its uses
An object• for differents users (bus , cars , bikes, pedestrians)• with various uses (traffic, delivery, parking )
An element of the citywith strong links to the other town components :
housing, trading,services, economic acivities, leisures…
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10h.treve (CERTU)
Various uses of urban streets
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11h.treve (CERTU)
• Urban spreading
• Enclosing…
• Trading urbanism in suburbs …
Others problems
with the « city for cars »
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12h.treve (CERTU)
The reality of accidents
(Inrets)Shock at 20 km/h, 1 injuried
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13h.treve (CERTU)
50 km/h 80%
70 km/h 100 %
30 km/h 15 %
Link between speed and probabilityof fatal injury for a pedestrian
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14h.treve (CERTU)
Safety , a priority for the Urban Transport System
• A priority for all types of users, not onlymotorists:
ex: increasing walking and cycling will be hard if it isdangerous
• Complementaries with environnement obligations (noise, pollution)
• High safety level needed for public transport• The cost of accidents is too high
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15h.treve (CERTU)
A coherent set of actionsto improve safety
• A plan for a city with integrated responses• A medium to long-term thinking• Using proven solutions.
– Most of them are well known; the difficulty is to apply them at a large scale
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16h.treve (CERTU)
The keys for ensuring a safer city
• A strong politicial will, with ambitious targets
• A pilot, ie the urban transport authority• High level technicians using efficient
tools• A well informed and active population
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17h.treve (CERTU)
How to implement safety : two main stages
1. Knowing and understanding safetyproblems
*Accidents data collection, analysis, diagnosis
2. Setting up technical mesures, according the diagnosis results and experiences
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18h.treve (CERTU)
LES IMPLIQUES (suite)
- Répartition des victimes par catégories d'usagers et par classes d'âges
00-13 ans 14-17ans 18-24 ans 25-59 ans >=60 ans Total Tués 2 2
Piétons BG 1 1 5 5 2 14 BL 5 4 7 37 23 76
Tués Bicyclettes BG
BL 4 1 4 6 15 Tués
Cyclomoteurs BGBL 6 4 7 2 19
Tués 1 15 6 1 23 Motos BG 4 42 57 103
BL 5 22 283 583 9 902 Tués 1 1
VL BG 3 3 BL 4 2 14 55 5 80
Classes d'âges
00-13 14-17 18-24 25-59 >=60
58%23%
15% 4%
39%
54%
2%1%
4%
29%
63%
4%2%3%
Knowing local safety problems:statistical analysis of accidents (figures, maps…)
Série chronologique annuelle tous accidents
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
acci
dent
s
Série brute
Courbe de tendance
Valeurs inf del'intervalle deconfiance à 90%Valeurs sup del'intervalle deconfiance à 90 %
Spatial Spatial analysisanalysis
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19h.treve (CERTU)
road hierarchy
Speed management
enforcement
urbanism, mobility
30 km/h Zones
major roads
city entrances
pedestrians
cyclists
school
the disabled
delivery
parkingsafety audit
Setting up the right technical measures
training, information
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20h.treve (CERTU)
Road hierarchy and functions: 2 main levels
Main roads (10 to 20 %):
separate uses of the spacefor each category
Residential streets(80% of network) :mixed uses
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21h.treve (CERTU)
Example of road hierarchy
2200 km in 30 km/h zones
Speed limits
Lille (1 100 000 inhab.)
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22h.treve (CERTU)
Improvements on main roads
10 % of the streets with 50 % of accidents and killed
Solutions:1. Insure a good traffic flow:
Depend on junction
2. Speed managementSpace organisationEnforcement
Need of a strict organisation of spacewith possible change in priorities
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23h.treve (CERTU)
before
Main roads atCHAMBERY (100 000 inha.)
15 000 veh / j
after
Before: 21 acci / 31 BG
After: 2 acci / 0 BG
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24h.treve (CERTU)
Residential streets: safety and quality of life
A fair solution:the 30 km/h zones
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25h.treve (CERTU)
PARIS : green areas (30 kmh areas)
after
before
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26h.treve (CERTU)
Pedestrians: 3 main principles
• Provide comfortable sidewalks• Think of the right place for
pedestrian crossing• Limit the crossing lenght
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27h.treve (CERTU)
Pedestrian and disabled people
Visibility for everybody
Parking facilities
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28h.treve (CERTU)
Safety on the way to school
Pédibus(walking bus)
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29h.treve (CERTU)
Safe cyclist network
Chambery
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30h.treve (CERTU)
Improvement for cycling comfortin Lorient (60,000 inhab.)
before
after
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31h.treve (CERTU)
Speed management
• For compatibility between all users
• A priority to vulnerable users
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32h.treve (CERTU)
Engineering measures for speed
humps
cushion
speed table
chicane
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33h.treve (CERTU)
Enforcement
Speed cameras
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34h.treve (CERTU)
A new appproach: Road safety audit (CSPR)
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35h.treve (CERTU)
Improving the safety of mobilityin the city is possible
ROAD SAFETYAN ENTIRE DIMENSION OF
THE URBAN MOBILITY PLANHubert Trève (CERTU) Lyon 3- master 8 nov 2005Gloucester (UK) 48% less sever injuries in 5 years
Safer cities: a reality…
Chambéry: 453 acci in1979,
and only 52 in 2000
injuriedaccidents
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36h.treve (CERTU)
Conclusions
• Safety generates great expectations from citizens, especially those most vulnerable
•The Urban Mobility Plan can provide an appropriate framework to these expectations.
• The role of local authorities is essential for guiding and implementing actions, with the aim of reconciling mobility with safety.
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37h.treve (CERTU)
Safety in villages
• The same concepts can be applied• With a major attention to the main road
which crosses the village
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38h.treve (CERTU)
A large experiment in the 80 sSafer cities: a success
beforebefore
after
after
after
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39h.treve (CERTU)
Research and activities on Road Safety and Transport
• Regional meetings with local authorities on « Safetyin urban and rural areas »
• French programm PREDIT with stress on urbansafety, involving INRETS, University, Transport, Education and Health ministries
• Researches on urbanism, mobility and safetymanagement , by INRETS
• Europan projects ( DUMAS, Prompt, e.safety, in safety, COST)
• OCDE, PIARC safety group , international coperation(UK, NL, Sw, B)
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40h.treve (CERTU)
Thank you for your attention