rfidandiot 2015 lecture
TRANSCRIPT
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RFID
andInternet of Things
(IoT)
19.10. 22.10.2015
Assist. Prof. Mira Trebar
Erasmus +
Faculty of Computer and Engineering
Skopje, Macedonia
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Agenda
Internet of Things (IoT) Introduction
Architecture
Technologies
Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) RFID system (reader, antenna, tag)
SL900A data logger
Near Field Communication (NFC)
NFC services (smart phone, tag)
SL13A data logger
RFID and IoT (practical example)
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Introduction
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https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0326/5ab844e0b4465/5ab844e2a7
http://csecoolstuff.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/rfid-rights.jpghttp://csecoolstuff.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/rfid-rights.jpg -
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Introduction
InternetComputers, connected through internet protocols
Internet of Things
Computers, sensors and actuators connected throughinternet protocols
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http://www.techtradeasia
.info/2015/01/the-
internet-of-things-takes-
centre.html
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IoT (Internet of Things)
People and Things
are connected
Anytime, Anyplace,
with
Anything and Anyone
using
Any path/network and
AnyService
Communicate & Interact
Exchange data & Knowledge
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http://www.internet-of-thin
gs-research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2009.pdf
http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2009.pdfhttp://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2009.pdfhttp://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2009.pdf -
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IoT applications
Improve quality of human life Industrial Control
Home Automation
Smart Retail
Connected Health
Hi-tech Cities
Intelligent Transportation
Logistics
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https://connectedtechnbiz.wordpress.com/2014/10/17/iot-unraveling-technology-demands-developments/
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IoT architecture
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Sensor/machine infrastructure (real world) Communication backbone (network infrastructure)
M2M service layer (software between transport & application)
Application platform (cloud, big data)
https://connectedtechnbiz.wordpress.com/2014/10/17/iot-unraveling-technology-demands-developments/
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Technologies supporting IoT
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https://connectedtechnbiz.wordpress.com/2014/10/17/iot-unraveling-technology-demands-developments/
Embedded processing
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Agenda
Internet of Things (IoT) Introduction
Architecture
Technologies
Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) RFID system (reader, antenna, tag)
SL900A data logger
Near Field Communication (NFC)
NFC services (smart phone, tag)
SL13A data logger
RFID and IoT (practical example)
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RFID and NFC technologies
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RFID frequency types
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http://www.britannica.com/topic/telecommunications-media#ref608072
860-870 MHz125 KHz 13.56 MHz
Frequency (Hz) - number of occurrences of a repeating eventwithin a specified interval.
http://www.britannica.com/topic/telecommunications-media#ref608072http://www.britannica.com/topic/telecommunications-media#ref608072http://www.britannica.com/topic/telecommunications-media#ref608072 -
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RFID application (LF)
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/07/24102700/8
Animal identification (farm, pets)
http://monaleenvets.com/services.
aspx?service=1499&clientId=20124
http://obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-microchip-implant/
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/07/24102700/8http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/07/24102700/8http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/07/24102700/8 -
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RFID applications (HF)
http://www.nearfield.org/2009/03/wireless-in-the-world
Access management
Transport card
Airline baggage handling
Document tracking
Library systems
http://www.rfidexpert.ru/en/story/519
http://www.selfadhesivelabels.productions/self-adhesive-labels-
production/smart-labels/air-baggage-rfid-labels-production/
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RFID applications (UHF)
Food industry
Pharmaceutical industry,
Hospital environment
Supply chain management
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RFID-F2F (RFID from Farm to Fork)
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RFID system
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Transponder (RFID tag) RFID Reader and Antenna
Computer system (RFID application)
How it works Data transmission results from electromagnetic waves.
Different ranges depending on the frequency and magnetic field.
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RFID Reader RFID tag
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RFID reader initiates an interogation -wakes up the tag.
RFID tag responds with the appropriate information.
Circulator - three-port RF component to transmit and receive
signals - the ability to use the same antenna.
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/en
LocalOscillator
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/enhttp://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/en -
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RFID_seminar (MT) 18
Passive RFID tag architecture
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/en
The wave reaches the tag.
The tags antenna is excited. RF power is converted to DC
power through a voltagerectifier.
This DC voltage powers the
control logic (a state machine). The chip demodulates the
waveform and determines thenext command to be sent toreader.
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/enhttp://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/en -
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RFID standards
Provide guidelines in which to develop complementaryproducts.
Ensure the products interoperability.
Air Interface Communications protocol standards
how the reader and the tag 'talk' to one another.
Physical characteristics of the radio communicationsometimes called the 'physical layer.
Structure of commands and responses.
"Anti-collision" algorithm or method of detecting andcommunicating with tags:
frequency domain method
time domain method (Binary Tree Protocol)
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Collision
Tag collision: multiple tags are present in the field of the
reader and are all trying to send their id to the reader at thesame time -> disturbance
Reader collision:
multiple readers are trying to read the same tag at the
same time -> disturbance
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Anti-collision algorithm
One RFID reader and several tags (EPCglobal Class 0 standard)
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Anti-collision algorithm
Reader sends: (null, 0), tags send its first ID bit, Reader detects0 or 1 and echoes 1, tags that hear the bit 1 stay in the traversal
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Anti-collision algorithm
tags on the right are in the traversal and send next bit, Readerdetects 0 or 1 and echoes 1, tags that hear the bit
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Anti-collision algorithm
tags on the left are in the traversal and send next bit, Readerdetects 0 or 1 and echoes 0, tags that hear the bit 0
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Anti-collision algorithm
tags on the right are in the traversal and send next bit, Readerdetects 0 or 1 and last bit was read is 0process starts again
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RFID data logger (UHF) SL900A
EPC Gen2 C3 single-chip data logger with sensor
semi-passive mode (battery-assisted)
fully passive mode.
The SL900A demo kit
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RFID data logger (UHF) SL900A
EPC sensor tag and data logger IC
http://ams.com/eng/Products/UHF-RFID/UHF-Interface-and-Sensor-Tag/SL900A
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SL900A characteristics
On-chip temperature sensor
Memory (9k-bit EEPROM):
5 Memory banks:
System, reserved (password), EPC, TID, USER)
Logging storage capacity: max. 841 events, time stamp
Compatible with EPC Gen2 and cool-Log 2 analog inputs for external sensors
Supports fast direct communication via SPI port
Alarm function for shelf-life monitoring
Event-driven alerts
Supply voltage range 1.2 to 3.6V
Temperature range: -40C to 125C
Works with 1.5V (single-cell) or 3V battery
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Identification, temperature monitoring
RFID reader
21.10.2015 29LRA- M.Trebar
RFID reader sends to a computer:
Products UID (Unique identification),
SL900A UID
Sensor data - temperature
SL900A
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M. Trebar 30
Fish pilot cold chain in RFID-F2F
Temperatures of fish in the box: Packing: < 12C Coldstore & logistics : 0C - 4C
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Agenda
Internet of Things (IoT) Introduction
Architecture
Technologies
Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) RFID system (reader, antenna, tag)
SL900A data logger
Near Field Communication (NFC)
NFC services (smart phone, tag) SL13A data logger
RFID and IoT (practical demonstration)
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http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid.html?showall=&start=1
Near field (LF, HF): inductive coupling of tag to magnetic
field circulating around antenna (like a transformer). Varying magnetic flux induces current in tag to modulate
tag load to communicate with reader.
field energy decreases proportionally
Tag operational principle
http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid.html?showall=&start=1http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid.html?showall=&start=1http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid.html?showall=&start=1 -
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NFC technology
bidirectional and short-range contactless (wirelesscommunication) technology (13.56 MHz)
requires touching two NFC-compatible devices over a fewcentimeters.
NFC devices:
o NFC enabled mobile phone (NFC mobiles)o NFC reader enables data transfer with another NFC tago NFC tag - RFID tag that has no integrated power source
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NFC mobile services
http://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-
communication-the-stolpan-project
Smart phone and tag/card 3 types of interactions
http://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-communication-the-stolpan-projecthttp://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-communication-the-stolpan-projecthttp://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-communication-the-stolpan-projecthttp://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-communication-the-stolpan-project -
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NFC Card Emulation
Schematic view
Steps
Credit card
Student card
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NFC - Peer to Peer
Schematic view
Steps
Exchange:
- Photos- Files
- E-cash
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NFC Reader/Writer
Schematic view
Steps (read, write)
Smart poster
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NFC & Android
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Android - worlds most popular mobile platforms.
Modified version of Linux, integrated programming interfaceusing the Java.
Completely open sourced.
Google leads the project.
Most of the code is released under the Apache License. Application development environment (compiler, debugger,
device emulator, and virtual machine named the DalvikVirtual Machine (DVM) to execute the code).
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NFC data logger (HF) SL13A
Single-chip ISO 15693 data logger with sensor
passive/semi-passive tag chip
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http://www.ids.si/prod3_IDS-SL13A.htm
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SL13A characteristics
Logging storage capacity: max. 762 events with time stamp
Compatible with ISO 15693 and cool-Log commands Analog input for external sensor (resistive)
SPI is used for control and register setting
8k-bit EEPROM
Supply voltage range 1.2 to 3.3V Typical current consumption (@1.5V):
Standby (RTC Running): 2 A Operating (logging, 20ms): 150 A
Temperature range: -40C to 110C Works with 1.5V (single-cell) or 3V battery
Energy harvesting from reader field to support externalcircuitry
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NFC benefits
NFC Link for Internet of Things Wireless pairing
Maximize privacy
Cost effective
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https://nxp-rfid.com/products/ntag/ntag-i2c-benefits/
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Agenda
Internet of Things (IoT) Introduction
Architecture
Technologies
Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) RFID system (reader, antenna, tag)
SL900A data logger
Near Field Communication (NFC)
NFC services (smart phone, tag) SL13A data logger
RFID and IoT (practical demonstration)
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Temperature monitoring
NFC smart phone Sl13A data logger with temperature sensor
Room and fridge temperatures
Time period: 18.11.2015 19.8.2015
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2015-11-18 12:17:32
0C
20C
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Conclusion
NFC solutions (student projects):
Ticketing systems
Cold chain implementation
Museum guide
NFC Student ID student presence
Discussion