Revolution At War Adams HO In a group, describe the significance of the Declaration of Independence for America, its people, and people around the world. Laid Foundation for Democratic Government The Declaration said that government was a creation of the people, and that the U.S. governments final power would be in the hands of its citizens. Inspired Equality When the Declaration was adopted, not all Americans were treated equally. The words All men are created equal, set a goal for American society that is closer to being realized, 200 years later. Influenced the Constitution The U.S. Constitution guarantees many rights for all citizens. Many of these rights were based on ideas set forth in the Declaration of Independence. The believe and support of natural rights, guaranteed protection by the government. Impact of Revolutions Abroad Ideas in the Declaration were used by others who felt oppressed by their government, such as the leaders of the French Revolution (1789), and later revolutionaries around the world. Mercantilism Salutary Neglect What do you see? Aim: How did the American colonies go about declaring independence? And fighting for it? Vocab: Popular Sovereignty- People power Essential Questions: 1.How did the first Treaty of Paris set the stage for a war for independence? 2.What did the Declaration of Independence say? Timeline French & Indian War-( ) A series of wars between the English and French which began in the New World. Both aimed to gain various trade routes and military advantages in Europe, as well as in various European colonies, including the Americas. Treaty of Paris (1763); ceded land goes to G.B.; salutary neglect ended. Albany Plan-(1754) Purposed by Benjamin Franklin, this was a preliminary form of a union amongst the American colonies. To fall under one government in the name of protection from the Mother country and other threats to the national security of the country. As the French and Indian War progressed, Franklin purposed the plan to the delegates at the Albany congress. Stamp Act-(1765) In order to raise revenue within the country, stamps are placed on legal and commercial papers in order to tax such printed papers. Repealed the same day Stamp Act Congress-(1765) A group of delegates that wrote the rights and freedoms of the colonies. Boston Massacre-(1770) Boston men began cursing and pelting British soldiers. The soldiers fired in return, resulting in several deaths and injuries. Boston Tea Party, 1773 The Intolerable Acts-(1774) A series of acts that placed more hardships and unfair treatment towards the colonists. (Such as the Quartering Act that allowed governors to quarter soldiers in Boston Taverns. Lexington and Concord prior to the Declaration of Independence!, April 1775 Olive Branch Petition, July 1775 Continental Army created by Continental Congress, 1775; takes the Massachusetts Militia and make it into an all colonies army. Common Sense, January 1776 Declaration of Independence, August 1776 French come to American aid, 1778 Treaty of Paris, 1783 written peace, America granted independence! How can we explain this? French Indian War/7 Years War 7 year war between the British and the French over territory in the new world. Native Americans helped the French. Proclamation of 1763: The Proclamation of 1763 was an attempt to prevent the colonists from going west and passed the Appalachian Mountains. The British did this to prevent future issues between Native Americans and the colonists. This angered the colonists because they wanted the benefits that would come with the western lands. Naturally, thousands disregarded the imaginary boundary line. Results of the French and Indian War What do you see? According to this image, what happened during the Boston Massacre? How do the contrasting images (propaganda) show the growing tensions in the colonies? Boston Tea Party Intolerable (Coercive) Acts Who called them the Intolerable Acts? Why? Who called the Coercive Acts? Why? What is the message of this cartoon? Response to Albany Plan (1754) The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754 in Albany, New York. It was an early attempt at forming a union of the colonies "under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes during the French and Indian War. Franklin's plan of union was one of several put forth by various delegates of the Albany Congress. Two Perspectives A)Dean Josiah Tucker (1774) The first... supposed disadvantage is that if we separate from the colonies, we shall lose their trade. But why so?...The colonies, we know by experience, will trade with any people, even their bitterest enemies...the colonies, I say, will trade even with them, provided they shall find it in their interest so to do... First, a disjunction from the northern colonies would effectually put a stop to our present emigrations... Secondly, another great advantage...is that we shall then save between 300,000 and 400,000 pounds a year, by being discharged from the payment of any civil or military establishment belonging to the colonies... Fifthly...The moment a separation takes effect, intestine quarrels will being...the weaker provinces will entreat our protection against the stronger... B) Thomas Paines Common Sense (1776) In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments and common sense It is right and reasonable for America to separate from England If we stay with England we stay connected to England, we will get too involved in British political problems Even the distance between England and America gives proof that we are not supposed to be connected The period of debate is closed. Arms as the last resource must decide the contest Everything that is right pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, Tis time to part. Watch John Adams (HBO) What arguments are made AGAINST declaring independence? What arguments are made IN FAVOR of fighting for independence? To Declare or not to declare? What does it mean to be revolutionary? Is declaring war for independence revolutionary? Reasons to Declare IndependenceReasons to Stay Loyal to the CrownOfficial Vote- with explanation IN CONGRESS, July 4, The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world *****(list of grievances against King George III and the British government)***** We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor. Reasons to Declare Independence Not given promised rights (rts. of Englishmen) No representation in Parliament Abolishing valuable laws of self-government ex. No more MA Assembly Imposition of punitive taxes Proclamation of 1763 prevented movement west for expansion and resources Tried overseas Pride/spirit Propaganda effective; power of press Mercantilism unfair trade relationship; dawn of Adam Smiths Capitalism Hang together! (unified nowcould be tried for treason so must finish what they started) Brit rejection of Olive Branch Petition Bunker Hill no chance for reconciliation after Brit. saw willingness of colonists to fight Was it revolutionary? Yes No