revista nacán 39.pdf

8/17/2019 Revista Nacán 39.pdf

1/42

Föm 4

L± 70

Nfrzm

;962

mtm cd pmrtfcf cd Aufl Fjkdrtm cd jf Lñdz [fnîrdz.mtm cd pmrtfcf cd Aufl Fjkdrtm cd jf Lñdz [fnîrdz.

O [ F S @

W O [

F S @ W


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C@[DGSM[

Ou`jjdrnm Bfr`öfs Edrlælcdz.

C@[DGSM[ DADGTS@RM

[fbfdj R`geds Yrmdlzf.

WTKC@[DGSM[DW [mjflcm Bdrrdr Dsp`lmsf.

[fn÷l A`nàldz Frdlg`k`f.

C@WDÖM, NMLSFAD P _DKNFWSD[

Msgfr Ju`s N`j`fl [d`lmsm.

GMLWDAM DC@SM[@FJ

Amrod Ju`s Fr jds Nml dj.

Amsà [mjflcm Gfsfrds Wmtm.

Aufl Fjkdrtm cd jf Lñdz [fnîrdz.

Ou`jjdrnm Bfr`öfs Edrlælcdz.

N`oudj Bfr`öfs Vudy.

[mjflcm Bdrrdr Dsp`lmsf.

[fn÷l A`nàldz Frdlg`k`f.

Msgfr Ju`s N`j`fl [d`lmsm.

Amsà [fñj [mcrîoudz [flodj.

[fbfdj R`jgeds Yrmdlzf.

GMJFKM[FCM[DW

Amsà Ofkr`dj Kfrrdldgedf Geævdz.

Amfquîl Gfkdzfs cd Jd÷l.

Cfyfnî R`jjfv`gdlg`m Edrlælcdz.

Smcfs jfs mp`l`mlds rdbdafcfs dl dstf rdv`stf sml rdspmlsfk`j`cfc

dxgjus`vf cd gfcf ulm cd sus futmrds y lm cdj Gmlsdam Dc`tmr`fj.


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Dj C`rdgtmr.

Ymr1 [fbfdj R`jgeds Yrmdlzf.

Ymr1N`oudj Bfr`öfs Vudy .

Ymr1 [fn÷l A`nàldz Frdlg`k`f.

Ymr1 Aufl Fjkdrtm cd jf Ludz [fnîrdz.

Ymr1 Ou`jjdrnm Bfr`öfs Edrlælcdz.

Ymr1Amsà [fñj [mcrîoudz [flodj.

Ymr1 [mjflcm Bdrrdr Dsp`lmsf.

Ymr1 Cfyfnî R`jjfv`gdlg`m Edrlælcdz.

Ymr1 Amrod Ju`s Frt`jds Nmlt`dj ‚Kdkm„.

Ymr1 Brflg`sgm Kjflgm Wflfkr`f.

Ymr1 Amsà [mjflcm Gfsfrds Wmtm.

Ymr1 Msgfr Ju`s Nj`fl [d`lmsm.

[dv̀stf Lfgæl?


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GG uflcm g`rgujd dltrd jms jdgtmrds cò`tfjds m`nprdsms dstd ludvm lñndrm cd Lfgæl, yfsd efkræ gdjdkrfcm, dj tfl jjdvfcm y trfîcm

R@@ Gmlordsm cdj Yfrt`cm Gmnul`stf cdGukf (YGG). P s`l tdnmr f dqu`vmgfrlms, tdlcrdnmsnæs cd jm n`snm, pmrqud jms jmkms gmndl fl`nfjdsedrkîvmrms, jms oftms `lo`drdl pdsgfcms y jms Gfstrmsmjm sfkdl omkdrlfr gml Gmltrmj Fksmjutm.

Jfs sdöfjds sml nuy gjfrfs8 smjfndltd rdp`tfnms jfs pfjfkrfs cdj fgtufj N`l`strm cd [djfg`mlds Dxtdr`mrdsKrulm [mcrîoudz Yfrr`jjf, trfs pukj`gfrsd dj grît`gm d`r÷l`gm frt`gujm cd B`cdj Gfstrm [uz1 «Dj edrnflmMkfnf¸. Dj `lqu`j`lm cd Gfjzfcf y Fvdl`cf cd jms

Yrds`cdltds fsdvdr÷1 «Grdm qud trfs jf v`s`tf cdj prds`-cdltd Mkfnf f Gukf, dstd frtîgujm drf nuy ldgdsf-r`m¸.

Ydmr ds jm qud mgurrd, pudstm qud jms Jîcdrds E`st÷r`-gms, jàfsd B`cdj y [fñj Gfstrm, cd jf [dvmjug`÷l Gukf-lf `ltdltfræl fb`flzfr ulf C`lfstîf Gfstr`stf f gmnmcà juofr. [fñj Gfstrm kfam l`loñl gmlgdptm fgdptf qudsd dqu`vmg÷ y pfrf qud lm suraf ul L`h`tf Herusgemv,trfs su nudrtd cd Wtfj`l m ul Amfquîl Kfjfoudr cds- puàs cdj cdgdsm cd [fbfdj Jd÷l`cfs Srua`jjm.

Cdscd dj fltdr`mr R@ Gmlordsm cdj YGG, sd `npusm dldj Gmn`tà Gdltrfj fj ydrlm cd [fñj, dj Odldrfj cd Kr`-ofcf Ju`s Fjkdrtm [mcrîoudz J÷pdz-Gfjjdafs. Dstd‚Eàm pmjît`gm„ cdj fgtufj Yrds`cdltd cd jms Gmlsdamscd Dstfcm y cd N`l`strms ds dj rdfj Qfr Dgml÷n`gm cdGukf, y cdtræs cdj emjc`lo cd dnprdsfs Orupm cd Fc-n`l`strfg`÷l Dnprdsfr`fj. Wmg`dcfc Fl÷l`nf(OFDWF).

Sfnk`àl dl jf `nprægt`gf y ulfl`n`tf Fsfnkjdf Lf-g`mlfj cdj Ymcdr Ympujfr (FLYY), yf cdscd dj fltdr`mrnflcftm, bmrzfrml jf prdsdlg`f cd jf eàf cdj [fñj, jfJ`gdlg`fcf dl Ys`gmpdcfomoîf y Wdx÷jmof Nfr`djfGfstrm Dspîl. Dstf cdsgdlc`dltd cdj pmcdr `ltdltf sdrgfr`snæt`gf, ndc`æt`gf y pmpuj`stf fj cdbdlcdr f jmsemnmsdxufjds c`sgr`n`lfcms y rdprdsfj`fcms pmr susfltdgdsmrds.

Dstm gmnm nmcm gîl`gm cd nfltdldr k`dl gmltrmjfcmsrdprdsdltft`vfndltd f dstms Orupms cd Ymcdr Bmrnfjcdltrm cdj gfstrm-rfuj`snm, gmnm sml jf Fsfnkjdf Lf-

g`mlfj y dj Gmn`tà Gdltrfj. Fulqud sd gmlmgd f jf pbdgg`÷l, qud jms mrofl`snms cdg`smrds sml1 Jf BfGfstrm Dspîl, Dj Gîrgujm cd jf Rfjjf y Dj GmlsdaCdbdlsf y Wdour`cfc Lfg`mlfj (GMCDWDLF).

Djjms sfkdl qud dstæl dl dj mgfsm cd sus v`cfs, pfltds cd pfrt`r cd dstd nulcm lm fgdptfl gmlsg`dltd emldstfndltd dj dstrdp`tmsm brfgfsm cd dstd dxpndltm cd @lodl`drîf Wmg`fj, tmcfvîf jjfnfcm [dvmg`÷l Gukflf. Ymr dsm fsp`rfl f gmlsmj`cfr f sus e`y l`dtms gml ul Fksmjut`snm Ymjît`gm, ulf dstrugtmtfjndltd cdsbfsfcf y dl brflgf cdgfcdlg`f e`st÷r`gf.

Jm gufj trfd d `lcdbdgt`kjdndltd trfdræ f ndc`flm jfrom pjfzm, dj fk`drtm rdgefzm cd jf `lndlsf nfymcd jf gùcfcflîf lfg`mlfj rds`cdltd fj `ltdr`mr cd jf@sjf, jf gufj sd sdlt`ræ dstfbfcf pmr jms flg`flms emy cdsomk`drlfl. Fjom qud sd efræ sunfndltd pdjormsm pfrf fjgflzfr jf dstfk`j`cfc smg`fj dl Gukf, gmdj suro`n`dltm cd dxpjms`mlds smg`fjds `lgmltrmjfkYmrqud jms tîms m pfcrds cd jms cdsòlfcms suggmnm Fjdaflcrm Gfstrm Dspîl, Ju`s Fjkdrtm [mcrîoJ÷pdz-Gfjjdafs, [fñj Ou`jjdrnm [mcrîoudz Gfstrm Nfr`djf Gfstrm Dspîl, pmr jm ndlms sd sfgr`b`gfrme`g`drml jf [dvmjug`÷l Gukflf. W`l dnkfrom, dstf oldrfg`÷l cd bfn`j`frds gfstr`stfs gmjmgfcms f cdcm,gmlmgdl dj sfgr`b`g`m l` jfs ldgds`cfcds cdj pudkjm

[fz÷l pmr jf qud lm vfl f gmltfr gml fjom cdlmn`lf-

cm dl Ys`gmjmoîf Wmg`fj gufj «Futmr`cfc Nmrfj¸qud fjoulms futmrds tfnk`àl jf gfj`b`gfl gmnm«Futmr`cfc Wmg`m-Nmrfj¸. Vud lm ds mtrf gmsf, qud Fsgdlc`dltd qud pmsdd smkrd sus gmdtældms ul WWmg`fj, qud auo÷ dj rmj cd c`ròdltd, jîcdr, p`mleàrmd dl ulf trflsbmrnfg`÷l smg`fj sugdc`cf.

Dj gjînfx cd jf `ltmjdrflg`f cdj gfstrm-rfuj`snm bud uldc`tmr`fj pukj`gfcm dl dj c`fr`m Orflnf, cmlcd sd cdmydl jms nfymr`tfr`ms gr`tdr`ms cdltrm cdj prmp`m pfrf gmlmgdr, c`sgut`r m suodr`r tdnfs f cdkft`r dl

R@@ Gmlordsm. Vu`dlds cdtdltfl dj Ymcdr YmjîGukf, `npus`drml, qud smjm sd c`sgut`rîfl Jms J`ln`dltms cdj YGG fltdr`mr R@ Gmlordsm… lfcf næ

Dj C`rdgtmr.

Dc`tmr`fj Dc`tmr`fj

Gmlsdam Dc`tmr`fjGmlsdam Dc`tmr`fj


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Ymr1 [fbfdj R`jgeds Yrmdlzf

J`g. dl Frtds Yjæst`gfs.

J`tdrfturfJ`tdrfturf

G mnm qu`dl sd vf cd v`fad dltrd jfs smn- krfs cdj Fvdrlm gml dj l`öm qud jjdvfcdltrm, Juîs Bdj`pd dl ;996 lms smrprdl-c`÷ jjdlælcmlms dj fjnf, gml pmdnfs cdcmjmr y cdlulg`f, efg`àlcmlms sfkdr qud ludstrmsnudrtms lms cfkfl jf smkrdv`cf, f pdsfr cdj n`dcm pmr tmcfs pfrtds.

Jms qud pfrtdl lms sdpujtfl pfrf s`dnprd, pdrm djdspdam lms cdvudjvd fj s`t`m cd jf ndnmr`f, rdgmr-cælcmlms qud jf @sjf lm ds smjm dj @lb`drlm g`rgujfrdl qud lms t`dldl rdgju`cms jf c`lfstîf cd jf bfn`j`fGfstrm.

Femrf dl ;962 «Jms Wdgrdtms cdj NmladJmu`s¸ frr`kf f sus qu`lgd pr`nfvdrfs cd

cmjmr smstdl`cm, pukj`gfcm dl ;996 Dc`g`mlds Jf Juz, dl jf G`ucfc cd JmYfrquds, Emjouîl, Gukf. Gmlbmrnfcmvdrsms dsgr`tms brdltd fj dspdam v

cdsb`jfr dl ulf sfjf cd g`ldnætmorfbm cdsfnpfrm cd ul pmdtf qud gfrof jfs pd-lfs cd su pfîs f jf dspfjcf.

Efy dl sus pæo`lfs ul ælodj tdrr`kjd mksdrvælcmjmksdrvælcmlms.

Dj pfl lm, pdrm jfs pfjfkrfs dstæl f kudl rdsousfrcdl dj fjtfr cd jms pftr`mtfs. Efg`àlcmlms sfkdr q

94


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tdrfturftdrfturf lm ds dj tdnmr qu`dl lms vf f prmtdodr cdltrm cdjemofr.

Dsgugefnms su or`tm `lcdtdl`kjd, dl sus pæo`lfs sdsunfl föms cd e`stmr`f cd ulf @sjf qud sd nudrd gm-nm dj fjndlcrm cdj pft`m pfrf smstdldr dl su vdrcmrludstrf dspdrflzf, s`jkælcmlms dj e`nlm pftr`m, y djdgm smjm lms cdvudjvd ul gfltm cd nudrtd.

W` td vfs G`bmjc`f

jjdvf dstd j`r`m dj brdsgm cd n`s cdcms

jjdvætd n` lmnkrd y ulf pjunf

ym sfkrà dspdrfrtd gml n` pfl y tus c`bultms

Tl gfltm cdscd jf gdjcf gml tmlm buld-krd. Dj Nmlad sd sfkd rdgju`cm dl su @sjf,

su tdrruöm pdrsmlfj, `nfo`lfr`m. Jm pdr-sml`b`gf pfrf lm sdlt`r jf edr`cf edgef dlsmj`tfr`m, grddr su smlr`sf j`krd, cmlcdpmcdr jjmrfr su e`stmr`f, jf e`stdr`f cd jmsvdg`lms, guflcm lfc`d fgucd f rdpmsfrsus mams dl sus bftòfcfs nflms cd dsgr`-

kf, y jd cdvudjvdl dj gfltm c`sbrfsfcm dl omjpds, pmr n`dcm, pmrqud Gukf ds ul jf-kmrftmr`m cd gr`fr emrrmrds.

Fquî lfc`d sd pudcd fpfrtfr cdj pæl`gm, smstdldr ulf pfjfkrf gml vfjmr, ndlms jf junkrd qud sfjvf jmscîfs, jfs pdlur`fs cdj fnòm. Smcms gu`cfl su efnkrd pdrsmlfj, sd dsgmlcdl y sd dsgucfl dl sus prm- p`fs n`sdr`fs, sus jfndltms lm rdkfzfl dj unkrfj cdj

subr`n`dltm. W` fj ndlms dstd pudkjm

rdvdrcdg`drf dj msgurm mjv`cm…

Ydrm td p`drcds pudkjm nîm

td p`drcds

Dstms cîfs n`lñsgujm sunfl föms dl jdspdrf, dj cdsft`lm ds gmt`c`flm y gmjdvm, dj gfltm `lc`v`cufj, prmtdod smjgflcmr cd gfsf, lm `npmrtf qud dj v`dltm

frrfstrd tmcm fbudrf, feî yf lm dstfrællm `npmrtfræl jms fnòms. W`l dnkfrodj Nmlad sòud mbrdg`àlcmlms su jurds`std fj t`dnpm, f jfs dnkdst`cfs cdj gîgjmpd.

Ydrm dl jf lmged cdaà ul pdrrm smjm dl jf nmltföf

y n` vmz sd p`drcd cdtræs cdj qud nd kusgf.

Dl Wfl Odrnæl afnæs vf f cdafr cd sdr 2 cd lmv`dnkrd cd 600?, dsd ñjt`nm fv`sm qud lulgf jjdodj gfnpflfr`m qud lm cdtuvm dj trdl dl dj `lstfltd dqud smjm bud nfpf cd nudrtd, djjms cdscd dltm pfsfrml f sdr ludstrms nudrtms. Djjms lulgf jjdofrf cdg`r fc`÷s, vdr, sdlt`r dj `npfgtm, cdtdldrsd dl sgfrlds, dj trdl dl qud `kfl f gmlt`lufr v`fad.

J`krm àstd, qud nfrg÷ f tmcf ulf odldrfg`÷l cd dsgr`tmrds cd prmv`lg`f qud dl ;996 `kfnms f cdafrsdr `làc`tms. Föm cd jf r`zmorfb`gf.

Jms «Wdgrdtms cdj Nmlad Jmu`s¸ gdc`g`÷l cdj dsgr`tmr N`gefdj EdrlælcN`rflcf, c`sdöfcm pmr dj p`ltmr Cfomkdrtm Cròos, `justrfcm pmr jf p`ltmrf Aj`dttd Fou`jfr. Djjms tfnk`dl dstæl cd 64

aultm fj fnòm, dj dsgr`tmr, jugefcmr rdstfkjdg`n`dltm cd jf j`kdrtfc y jf cd-nmgrfg`f dl Gukf, Ju`s Bdj`pd [mafs [mcfkfj.

½Vuà pfîs qud òlmrd jf sflord cd sus nurms sdjdvfltf ndnmr`msm cd dltrd sus nudrtds=

92


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[fbfdj R@JGEDW Yrmdlzf. Lfg`÷ dl dj Gdrm cdJfs N`j Ludvd, Rfcm cdj Pdsm, prmv`lg`f Orflnf, 6024 J`gdl-

g`fcm dl Frtds Yjæst`gfs pmr jf Tl`vdrs`cfc Ydcfo÷o`gf ‚Amsà

cd jf Juz y Gfkfjjdrm„ cd Emjouîl. Dsgr`tmr `lcdpdlc`dltd.

N`dnkrm bulcfcmr cdj Gdltrm cd Bmrnfg`÷l J`tdrfr`f ‚Mldj`m

Amrod Gfrcmsm„. Ef pukj`gfcm dl Dspföf, @tfj`f, Ldw Qdjflcf,

Fjdnfl`f, Yudrtm [`gm, Nàx`gm, Emlcurfs, Krfs`j, Ge`jd, Gflf-

cæ, Frodlt`lf, Dstfcms Tl`cms cd Fnàr`gf y Gukf. Yrdn`m

Lfg`mlfj cd Ymdsîf ‚Nfludj Lfvfrrm Julf„, ;993 gml Dj ñl`gmemnkrd , Dc`g`mlds Mrtm, ;994, y dl dj ;969 gml Yfîs cd bml-cm, Dc`g`mlds Mrtm, ;966. Yrdn`m Lfg`mlfj cd Ymdsîf, Cd jfGùcfc cd Emjouîl, ;994 gml Srfzfcm dl dj pmjvm, Dc`g`mldsEmjouîl, ;992. Yrdn`m Lfg`mlfj cd Ymdsîf ‚Jf Dlmrnd Emoud-

rf„, ;992 gml F fnkms jfcms jf smnkrf . Ndlg`÷l L÷ss`cdGfr`kd, @tfj`f, ;994. Ndlg`÷l Yrdn`m Ymdsîf TLDFG ‚Auj`æl cdj

Gfsfj„, ;99? gml Dr`fj cd C`ms. Yrdn`m Lfg`mlfj cd Ymdsîf‚Gdltdlfr`m cd Dn`j`m Kfjjfofs„, TLDFG, ;995 gml S`rm cdorfg`f , Dc`g`mlds Emjouîl, ;969. Yrdn`m Lfg`mlfj cd Ymdsîf‚Fnmr Rfrfcdrm„, ;963 gml Jfs lmgeds . S`dld mtrms j`krmspukj`gfcms gmnm Ælodjds Cdsfnpfrfcms , lmvdjf, Dc`g`mldsKfyfnm, ;996, y jf Dc`tmr`fj Dj Kfrgm Dkr`m, Dspföf, ;96;. Cu-rf s`judtf, jf Julf , pmdsîf, Dc`g`mlds Kfyfnm, ;997. Julfg`m-lds , pmdsîf, Dc`tmr`fj `lcdpdlc`dltd JdtrFk`drtf, Jf Efkflf,;96;. Gfbà Fnfrom , pmdsîf, Dc`tmr`fj J`krfry Dc`tmrds y LdmGjuk Dc`tmrds, N`fn`, Dstfcms Tl`cms cd Fnàr`gf, ;963. Ef

s`cm gmrrdgtmr y dc`tmr cd vfr`fs rdv`stfs `lcdpdlc`dltds. Ds

gmjfkmrfcmr cd Gukfldt y C`fr`m cd Gukf, y gmjunl`stf cd

‚MtrmJulds.gmn„ [dv`stf E`spflmfndr`gflf cd Gujturf. Fg-

tufjndltd rds`cd dl Wfltf Gjfrf, prmv`lg`f R`jjf Gjfrf.

N` lmnkrd ds `sjf y n` cdst`lm ds dj nfr.

Ds cd nföflf. N`s mams sd dstrdndgdl1 f jf pudrtf

jjfnf ul emnkrd kusgflcm dj lmrtd cd su fl`nfj sforfcm.

N` gfsf, n` pfîs, lm ds dj pfst`zfj dlmrnd cmlcdfydr

gmn`drf sus vdrcurfs.

Ednms qudcfcm `npfv`cms n`dltrfs ulnmlad y su pfjfkrf smkrdv`vdl f jf kfr-kfr`d, gml ul sdgrdtm runmr, su curf rd-smlflg`f ds dj c`sgursm, vdîf gml pdlffjdafrsd dj gfjmr eunflm cd sdrds fnòf-kjds qud fltföm budrml b`djds gr`fturfs, sdfgdrgfkfl f gmndr y kdkdr gml cdsdlbf-cfcf eun`jcfc, dl jf emoudrf qud fj`-ndltfkf dj fnòm dl su nmlfstdr`m,cmlcd jf mbrdlcf drf su gmrfz÷l, jf brml-cmsf smnkrf cd su ærkmj, tdaîf jms sudömscd jf nföflf qud sd prmx`nfkf8 femrfgml tfltm n`dcm rdul`cm, nföflf ds sm-jm, dspda`snms.

½C÷lcd dstæs Nmlad Jmu`s= Kfam dj g`rudjm cdj pf-t`m, lms ednms gflsfcm cd ndlt`r, pfrf qud ludstrmsnudrtms cflgdl, td gmlvdrt`std dl oudrrdrm, y tmcms ftu fjrdcdcmr sd v`st`drml cd n`dcms.

Fsî, ½Jmu`s, qu`àl pudcd smstdldr jms emrgmlds cd jfgfsf guflcm dj pfîs sd tmrlf eunm, y dj tdgem y djemofr lm lms prmtdadl cd jf vfstdcfc y jfs `lgjdndl-g`fs=

Ymdtf, td vmjv`std smjcfcm cd jf còl`cfc.Cdc`gfstd tus ñjt`nms föms dl Gukf f cd-nmstrfrlms qud sd pudcd jugefr gmltrf jf

t`rflîf cd jms Gfstrm. Sñ td dxpus`std, dpml`dlcm y prmtdo`dlcm f jms tuymslmsmtrms n`snms, pmr dsm, y pmr emy qu`drm cdg`rtd pmr jms qud td q

nms y fnfnms, orfg`fs pmr dx`st`r, y ef-gdrlms sfkdr, efg`dlcm, qud cdscd dj n`cm, tfnk`àl krmtf dj gmrfad, y jf vdr

oúdlzf, dsf, jf cd sdr gukflms, còlmedrdcdrms cd jms Nfnk`sds.

rfp`nfrdtrvpIonf`j.gmn

N÷v`j1 +47479?7924

j`tdrfturfj`tdrfturf

9?


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Ymr1 Nòudj Bfr`öfs Vudy

Dstuc`÷ efstf 6dr föm @lo. Ndgæl`gf.

DD l emrfs cd jf nföflf cdj cmn`lom ;5 cd bdkrdrm cdj prdsdltd föm, sd gmndt`÷ ul kdst`fjfsds`lftm rdfj`zfcm pmr ul pfcrd gmltrf suscms eàms. Dj futmr cd dstd vflcæj`gm edgem

lmnkrfcm Fjdxflcdr Bjd`tds Omlzæjdz cd 70 föms cddcfc, vdg`lm cd dstf gùcfc, fsds`l÷ f su eàf cd sd`s fömsy judom jf `lgdlc`÷.

Dstd cdslfturfj`zfcm prmodl`tmr tfnk`àl e`-r`÷ y qudn÷ cd orfvdcfc f su mtrm eàm cdsmjm guftrm föms, ul `lmgdltd `lbfltd qud sdsfjv÷ gfs` cd n`jform, puds fj sdrjd frrmafcm

gmnkust`kjd smkrd su gudrpm pmr su gm ouîldm, su `lst`ltm cd supdrv`vdlg`f jd c`m

gmrrdr. Jms vdg`lms puc`drml fux`j`frjm y ofrjm dl pjdlf gfjjd, pfrf cdspuàs sdr dlv`f-cm fj emsp`tfj `lbflt`j, ‚Amsà Ju`s N`rflcf„.

Fltd ulf ndzgjf cd brustrfg`÷l y n`dcm cd jms fsmnkrfcms vdg`lms cd jf kfrr`fcf «Fnàr`gf Jft`lf¸ cd jf gfp`tfj prmv`lg`fj cd R`jjf Gjfrf, fj n`rfr pfsnfcms fqudj `ltdl-tm cd fsds`lftm efg`f su prmp`m eàm. Fjdxflcdr gmnpc`÷, qud dl dsd nmndltm lm pmcrîf nftfr f su eàm, pm

smg`fjsmg`fj

95

« Wmg`dcfc emy sug`dcfc, qù drds pdldtrfr jf smg`dcfc vdtd f jf smjdcfc, jf smjdcfc ds dj bmgm qud ndamr fgjfrf jf v`s`÷l¸.

Amsà cd jf Juz y Gfkfjjdrm .


9/42

qud lm sd jm `kfl f pdrn`t`r, rfz÷l pmr jf qud sd c`m pms-tdr`mrndltd f jf buof.

Yrmcugtm cd jf `ldpt`tuc cd jf cd jf Ymj`gîfLfg`mlfj [dvmjug`mlfr`f (YL[) pfrf gfpturfrfj futmr cd dstd fkdrrfltd edgem, jms [dprd-

smrds cd Mb`g`m cdnmstrfrml ulf bfjtf cdprmbds`mlfj`snm tmtfj. Fjom qud qudc÷ cdnms-trfcm, guflcm dstd sd jds dsgfp÷ dl pmr jmndlms sd`s mgfs`mlds, ulf cd djjfs pfrdgîfulf kurjf gmndc`f, fj dj pfcrd `ltdltfr rd-nftfr f su l`öm dl dj pdc`ætr`gm yf `lordsf-cm.

Vudc÷ k`dl cdnmstrfcm, qud jms ul`bmrnfcms cd jf YL[y tmcm dj N`l`stdr`m cdj @ltdr`mr (N@L@LS) dl jf næsgdltrfj prmv`lg`f cd Gukf, smjfndltd dstfkfl prdpfrfcms pfrf jf dxtmrs`÷l y dj cdgmn`sm cd ndrgflgîfs, fcdnæscd omjpdfr sfjvfadndltd f jms mpms`tmrds lm v`mjdltms. W`sd trftfkf cd rdpr`n`r f pflfcdrms, gfrrdtmldrms, k`g` tf-x`stfs, nmtmldtdrms, djjms drfl jms pr`ndrms.

Jf gùcfcflîf dlgmjdr`zfcf sd frn÷ gml tmcm

t`pm cd mkadtms gmltulcdltds y pulzfltgmnm guge`jjms, nfgedtds, frpmlds, rfymk`g`gjdtf, gfcdlfs, gfk`jjfs y dstfgfs, sd cdcg÷ f gfzfr f dstd gr`n`lfj qud sdnkrfkf djtdrrmr. Pf qud Fjdxflcdr gmlt`lñm gmnulgælcmsd gml jf cdstru`cf nfcrd y mtrms bn`j`frds, f jms qud jds `lbmrn÷, qud sdoudl sus `ltdltms cd fsds`lfr.

Jf `lnfgujfcf l`ödz sfltfgjfrdöf tdlîf n`dcm cd fs`st`r fjfs dsgudjfs. Jms pfcrds fj vdr jf `npdr`g`f cd jfs futmrcfcds pfrf ftrfpfr fj gr`n`lfj, qud sd jds `kf cdltrm cd jfsnflms dl ul s`llñndrm cd mgfs`mlds, prme`k`drml f sueàms sfj`r f jfs gfjjds m fs`st`r f gjfsds. Jfs fnfs cd gfsfdstfkfl ftdrrmr`zfcfs, y dj gr`n`lfj gfnpdfkf j`krd fltdjfs lfr`gds cd jms ul`bmrnfcms.

Dj 6rm cd nfrzm fj flmgedgdr, vfr`ms gùcfcflms sd psdltfrml dl dj emofr cd Ou`jjdrnm Bfr`öfs Edrlælcdgmlmg`cm f l`vdj lfg`mlfj d `ltdrlfg`mlfj gmnm GmBfr`öfs, Yrdn`m «Flcrd` Wæafrmv¸ ;969 cdj YfrjfndDurmpdm d `lbftòfkjd jugefcmr pmr jms Cdrdgems Elms. Vudrîfl qud jds c`drf fpmym dl jf gfpturf cdj emng`cf y dl jfs dxòdlg`fs f jfs futmr`cfcds.

smg`fjsmg`fj

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Nòudj BF[@ÖFW Vudy.(Wfltf Gjfrf, Jfs R`jjfs,603?). Dstuc`÷ @lodl`drîf Ndgæl`gf dl jf Tl`vdrs`cfc cd Gf-

nfoúdy efstf pr`ndr föm, gfrrdrf qud tuvm qud fkflcmlfr

pmrqud bud dlv`fcm f Flomjf f gmnkft`r dl 60?4. Dl su fcm-

jdsgdlg`f dltrd 604? y 6045, bud gmjfkmrfcmr cdj Daàrg`tm [d-

kdjcd dl jfs nmltföfs cdj Dsgfnkrfy gmltrf jf c`gtfcurf cd

Bujodlg`m Kft`stf. Cdspuàs rdsujt÷ dj Yr`ndr Dxpdc`dltd Fgf-

càn`gm dl jf Yr`ndrf Orfcufg`÷l cd Mpdrfcmrds cd Gfjcdrfs

cd jf Nfr`lf cd Oudrrf [dvmjug`mlfr`f (NO[), dl dj föm 6040.

Bud dj dsgmo`cm pmr dj msgurm gmjmr cd su p`dj pfrf `lgurs`mlfr

kàj`gfndltd dl dj Gmlom Kdjof aultm f Drldstm Ged Oudvfrf,dl 6024. F su rdordsm cdg`c`÷ fkflcmlfr jf v`cf n`j`tfr y pfs÷

f jf Dnprdsf cd Bdrrmgfrr`jds cd Gukf, cmlcd jjdo÷ f sdr ulm

cd jms pr`lg`pfjds c`ròdltds cd su c`v`s`÷l Gdltrm -Dstd. Dl600;, dltrdo÷ dj gfrldt cdj Yfrt`cm Gmnul`stf cd Gukf (YGG),

fj smj`cfr`zfrsd gml ul gdrgflm bfn`j`fr suym mpms`tmr lm v`m-

jdltm. Fgtufjndltd dstæ auk`jfcm y rds`cd dl Wfltf Gjfrf, prm-

v`lg`f cd R`jjf Gjfrf.

smg`fjsmg`fj Pf qud mksdrvfkfl jf pmgf gfpfg`cfc cd jfs futmr`cfcds pfrf ftrfpfr fj emn`g`cf, guflcm Gmgm Bfr`öfs sd prdsdl-t÷ fltd jf 4tf Tl c̀fc cd jf YL[, bud mvfg`mlfcm pmr jmsg`dltms cd pdrsmlfs qud sd dlgmltrfkfl brdltd f àstf, d`lndc`ftfndltd sd pdrsml÷ fgmnpföfcm cd vfr`fs cmgd-lfs cd gùcfcflms frnfcms gml c`bdrdltds mkadtms gml-tulcdltds, y jds p`c`÷ ulf dxpj`gfg`÷l y jds pusm ul pjfzmf jfs pfrfj`zfcfs futmr`cfcds.

Fj pfsfr ulf emrf, jms ul`bmrnfcms lm gmndlzfrml ulf kñsqudcf f gmlg`dlg`f cd jf zmlf pmr cmlcd efkîf dsgf- pfcm, pmr g`drtm cdtræs cd jf Tl`cfc Ymj`g`fj. Gmgm Bfr`-öfs gmnpjdtfndltd cdsfrnfcm y sdgulcfcm pmr g`dltmscd `lcòlfcms y frnfcms gùcfcflms sd cdc`g÷ f rdo`strfrjms pft`ms cd jfs gfsfs, juofrds msgurms, fjgfltfr`jjfs, dtg.cmlcd sd cdkîf dlgmltrfr c`gem pdrsmlfad.

Dl Gukf, pmr næs cd g`lgm justrms, dj rào`ndl c`gtftmr`fjc`læst`gm cd jms edrnflms Gfstrm efl `npudstm ulf crf-gml`flf gdlsurf cd tmcm t`pm cd `lbmrnfg`÷l, y jfs lmt`-g`fs sml f trfvàs cd ‚rfc`m kdnkf„, m sdf dj runmr. Yfrfjms ÷roflms cd `lbmrnfg`÷l cdj tmtfj`tfr`snm gfstr`stfnfltuv`drml ul s`jdlg`m sdpujgrfj y vdromlzmsm fltd dstdedgem gr`n`lfj.

W` jm mgurr`cm dl jf gùcfc cd Wfltf Gjfrf,euk`dsd sugdc`cm dl jms Dstfcms Tl`cms cd

Fnàr`gf u mtrm juofr, dj gefrjftæl, cdnfom- om y ndrgfcdr cd jf pfjfkrf cd [flcy Fjml-sm y jms mtrms geupft`ltfs pjunîbdrms qud jmrmcdfl gujpfrîfl fj gfp`tfj`snm, fj ldmj`kd-rfj`snm y fj `npdr`fj`snm yflqu`. Ydrm gmnmfgmltdg`÷ dl jf Gukf gfstr`stf lfcf càdrmlfj rdspdgtm.

Guflcm jms gùcfcflms dstfkfl dlbrfsgfcms dl jf kñsqud-cf cdj gr`n`lfj, sd fpfrdg`÷ dj `lgfpfz Sdl`dltd Gmrmldjy Cdjdofcm Nul`g`pfj cdj N@L@LS dl Wfltf Gjfrf, Brfl-g`sgm Cfrîfs Omlzæjdz. Vu`dl tmn÷ jf pfjfkrf, cælcmjdv`vfs f B`cdj, [fñj y f jf rdvmjug`÷l, jf pmkjfg`÷l jd r`- pmst÷ cælcmjd v`vfs fj Gmgm Bfr`öfs, qud sd dlgmltrfkf aultm f djjms dl jf gfpturf cdj nfjedgemr.

N`dltrfs Gmgm Bfr`öfs dstuvm rmcdfcm cdjpudkjm, m sdf pmr næs cd 499 gùcfcflms,qud jds or`tfkfl f jfs futmr`cfcds gmnpd-

tdltds cdj N@L@LS1 «Gunpjfl gml su cdkgfpturdl fj fsds`lm cd su prmp`f eàf¸, l`l-

oulm cd dstms gmkfrcds gml orfcms y ul`nds sd ftrdv`÷ f tmgfrjm. Gfs` fj tdrn`lfr jfnfcruofcf y fj `r dstd f su gfsf f cdsfyu-lfr, bud frrdstfcm y omjpdfcm.

B`lfjndltd y pfsfcms g`lgm cîfs `lgmnpdtdlg`f pmj`g`fdj pudkjm bud qu`dl fprds÷ fj emn`g`cf dl dj kfrr`m vfjcm Edrrdrf gmlmg`cm pmr ‚Cmkfroflds„ y smjm dgds, jf prdlsf prmv`lg`fj gfstr`stf càm fjom smkrd dstds`lftm. Ydrm jms gùcfcflms cd f p`d cd Wfltf Gfprdlc`drml ulf orfl jdgg`÷l, qud gmls`st`÷ dl dltdlcdr,qud jms Cdbdlsmrds cd jms Cdrdgems Eunflms, lm dstæl pfrf or`tfr gmlsòlfs pmjît`gfs, s`lm qud sd uldl

pudkjm dl gufjqu`drf cd sus ldgds`cfcds. Tlf vdloflzf urc`÷ jf Wdour`cfc cdj Dstfcm, qud `ltdlt÷`lgmfrjd ul cdj`tm cd Fjjflfn`dltm cd Nmrfcf, fj GmgBfr`öfs. Ydrm lm dlgmltrfrml jms tdstòms pfrf efg pmrqud efstf jms n`j`tfltds cdj Yfrt`cm Gmnul`stf cd G kf cdgjfrfrml1 «Dj Gmgm nd p`c`÷ pdrn`sm pfrf rdo`n` gfsf y ym sd jm cî¸. Fj j`kdrfrjm, jd e`g`drml ul Fgcd Fcvdrtdlg`f pmr Cdsmrcdl Yñkj`gm.

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Ymr1 [fn÷l A`nàldz Frdlg`k`f

J`g. dl Dgmlmnîf.

DD j prds`cdltd cd jms Dstfcms Tl`cms cd Fnàr`-gf, prmlulg`÷ fltd dj Gmlordsm cd dsd pfîs, suñjt`nm c`sgursm gmnm nflcftfr`m, cmlcdfkmrc÷ fnpj`fndltd dj gunpj`n`dltm cd su prmorfnf, pr÷x`nm f gujn`lfr dl lmv`dnkrd cd dstd fömy jf s`tufg`÷l cd jf Tl`÷l, dl dj pjflm dgml÷n`gm, pmjît`-gm y dl jfs rdjfg`mlds `ltdrlfg`mlfjds.

Kfrfgh Mkfnf fsun`÷ jf prds`cdlg`f dl nd-c`m cd ulf orfvd gr`s`s dgml÷n`gf nulc`fj dldj ;995, gfrfgtdr`zfcf pmr ulf gmltrfgg`÷lcd jms ndrgfcms, ulf tfzf fjtf cd cdsdnpjdm,y ulf pàrc`cf gmls`cdrfkjd cd prdstò`m `l-tdrlfg`mlfj, ul lñndrm grdg`dltd cd dstf-

cmul`cdlsd v`vîfl dl jf pmkrdzf, y nugemgfrdgîfl cd sdourms cd sfjuc.

Fj prægt`gfndltd tdrn`lfr su nflcftm ½Vuà cdaf Mkfnfdl dj gfnpm dgml÷n`gm y dl jf frdlf `ltdrlfg`mlfj= Tlfmjdfcf cd `llmvfg`mlds tdglmj÷o`gfs dl jf `lbmrnæt

jfs tdjdgmnul`gfg`mlds y jfs g`dlg`fs k`mj÷o`gfs y mgfnk`ms dgml÷n`gms dl jfs pr`ndrfs càgfcfs cdj sòjUU@, qud cdtdrn`lfl jf bmrnf dl qud jms dstfcmul`cdsds trfkfafl y sd c`v`drtdl.

Jf `ltdorfg`÷l dgml÷n`gf nulc`fj trfam gmlsòm g`drtc`sjmgfg`mlds, aultm gml nugefs vdltfafs. Dl pfrt`gujjfs `lcustr`fs nflubfgturdrfs trfc`g`mlfjds efkîfl subr`cmrdvdsds y jf lfg`÷l tdlîf ul càb`g`t guflt`msm y fj pfrdg`rrdvdrs`kjd, dl su gmndrg`m gml mtrms pfîsds. Lm mjf lfg`÷l sòu`÷ fpdofcf f g`drtms pr`lg`p`ms.

dgml÷n`fdgml÷n`f

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dgml÷n`fdgml÷n`f

Dl pr`ndr juofr y jm næs `npmrtfltd jms Ds-tfcms Tl`cms sòu`drml s`dlcm ulf Dgmlmnîfcd Ndrgfcm, su pmkjfg`÷l sdouîf grdydlcmqud, dl odldrfj, ulf dgmlmnîf bulg`mlf nd-

amr guflcm jfs cdg`s`mlds smkrd jm qud efkræcd prmcug`rsd y jms prdg`ms qud sd fsòldl fdsms k`dlds sd kfsfl dl àj tmnf y cdaf cdgmnprfcmrds y vdlcdcmrds `lcdpdlc`dltds.

Jms cdbdlsmrds cdj dstft`snm y cdj gmltrmj cdj Dstfcm cdtmcfs jfs fgt`v`cfcds dgml÷n`gfs, jf @zqu`drcf Jft`lmf-ndr`gflf y nulc`fj, kft`drml pfjnfs pmrqud vdîfl eul-c`rsd dj s`stdnf cd j`krd dnprdsf. Jfs tdmrîfs pmpuj`stfsoflfkfl fc`gtms dl dj gmlt`ldltd, y jms Geævdz y Gfstrms

sd jflzfrml f pdsgfr dl rîm rdvudjtm, y fl`nfrml y b`lfl-g`frml jfs gfnpföfs flt`lmrtdfndr`gflfs.

Mkfnf tuvm qud cdskfrftfr dl jms edgems ulf gruzfcf`cdmj÷o`gf dl qud sd prmgjfnfkf qud dj gfp t̀fj`snm dstæ`ldv`tfkjdndltd cdst`lfcm f sdr sust`tu`cm pmr dj smg`fj`s-nm. Fsî rdzf dj jdnf qud ef gruzfcm, rdgmrr`cm y ul`b`gf-cm jms dsgr`tms y pdlsfn`dltms, jfs dspdrflzfs y jfs gml- aurfs smg`fj`stfs curfltd næs cd ul sòjm, cdscd Nfrxefstf ludstrms cîfs.

Gml su pmjît`gf dxtdr`mr d `ltdr`mr, dj prds`cdltd dstl`cdlsd cdnmstr÷ qud dj gmjfpsm cdj gfp`tfj`snm f gfucd sus gmltrfc`gg`mlds dstrugturfjds ef cdafcm cd sdr cd jms cmonfs gdltrfjds cd jf mrtmcmx`f smg`fj`stf, rd pmgm prmkfkjd qud jf mp`l`÷l m jf ndltfj`cfc flt`gfp`j`stf, yf sdf s`lgdrf m gîl`gfndltd sustdltfcf pudcf pmrs` smjf prmvmgfr su cdbulg`÷l. Dj smg`fj`snm ef nmstsus bfjjfs y dj gfp`tfj`snm sus trùlbms fltd jf n`rfcf cdtmcms jms pudkjms cd jf t`drrf. Jf fcn`l`strfg`÷l cd Mkfnf tuvm qud dlbrdltfrsd cdscdjms pr`ndrms nmndltms f mkstægujms orflcds y f dlmrc`b`gujtfcds pfrf efgdr fvflzfr su prmorfnf cd omk`drlmWd dlbrdltf f dlmrnds mkstægujms pfrf qud sd fprudk[dbmrnf Nòrftmr`f, cd jf Wfjuc, y mtrfs qud `lcucfkjndltd ndamrfrîfl gmls`cdrfkjdndltd jfs gmlc`g`mlds cv`cf cd orflcds sdgtmrds cd jf smg`dcfc lmrtdfndr`gflf.

Ds ulf rdfj`cfc qud lm tmcm dl jf pmjît`gf dxtdr`mr cdDstfcms Tl`cms ef s`cm fgdrtfcm curfltd su nflcftm. L

mkstfltd cdkdnms rdgmlmgdr qud dstflcm fj brdltd cGfsf Kjflgf, rmnp`÷ nugems dsqudnfs y ofl÷ `lbjudl-g`fs dl dj Ndc`m Mr`dltd, dl Æbr`gf y dl Fs`f, cmlcd gmtr`kuy÷ f cdsfjmafr cdj pmcdr f jfs gfstfs tmtfj`tfr`fsdldnòfs cd jf j`kdrtfc y cd jf prmp`dcfc pr`vfcf.

Jfs pms`g`mlds qud dj nflcftfr`m dstfcmul`cdlsd fcmpdl Tgrfl`f, brdltd f jf pmjît`gf [usf, qud jdltfndltd ef`cm cdsndnkrflcm f dstf lfg`÷l gml b`lds fldx`ml`stfs,jf gmls`cdrfnms gmrrdgtf, drf jf ñl`gf fgmlsdafkjd, ul`f jfs sflg`mlds dgml÷n`gfs qud sd fpj`gfl tfnk`àl pmr jf

6;


13/42

Tl`÷l Durmpdf. Mtrf sdrîf jf oudrrf, y feî pdrcdrîfnmstmcms.

Sfnk`àl dj nflcftfr`m lmrtdöm, ef tdl`cm qud dvfjufrgml gr`tdr`m g`dltîb`gm jf gmnpjdaf s`tufg`÷l cdj Ndc`mMr`dltd, Fjjî gmlbjuydl ulf fnfjofnf cd gmlgdpg`mldsb`jms÷b`gfs, rdjò`msfs y pmjît`gfs cd tmcm t`pm, nuy gfrof-cf cd bflft`snm flt`mgg`cdltfj, qud efl cfcm lfg`n`dltm

f jms orupms rfc`gfjds y sdgtfs tdrrmr`stfs, cd lfturfjdzfbulcfndltfj`stf gfrofcfs cd lfg`mlfj`snm y flt`gr`st`f-l`snm, Dj Dstfcm @sjæn`gm, Kmhm Efrfn, FJ Vfdcf CdjNfordk @sjæn`gm, Fj Wefkfk, Jms Sfj`kflds, Flsfr fjWefr`f cd Sñldz, Flsfr fj Wefr`f J`k`f, Fj Vfdcf dl jfYdlîlsujf Frækòf, Adnffe @sjfn`yfe, fgtñfl dl @lcmld-s`f, Nfjfs`f y dj Wur cd B`j`p`lfs, y Fku Wfyyfb dl dj surcd B`j`p`lfs.

Lm jdams cd gmndtdr drrmrds dl jf fpj`gfg`÷l cd ulf pmjî-t`gf gmlsdgudltd dl dstf ærdf odmoræb`gf, dj prds`cdltd cdjms Dstfcms Tl`cms ef fgtufcm gml sfk`curîf, pfrf dv`tfrqud dstms gmlbj`gtms rdo`mlfjds cdskmrcdl dj pdrîndtrmcmlcd sd dlgudltrfl dlnfrgfcms y cdsdnkmqudl dl ulfgmlbjforfg`÷l cd dlmrnds d `nprdv`s`kjds gmlsdgudl-g`fs.

Dl W`r`f d @rfh, lm ef bfjtfcm jf nflm curf guflcm jfsg`rgulstflg`fs jm efl dxò`cm, fjjî jms cdtrfgtmrds cdj prd-s`cdltd, lm efl pmc`cm kft`r pfjnfs, pmrqud Mkfnf effgtufcm gml gr`tdr`m cd eunfl`cfc. Wòud fpmyflcm f jmsmpms`tmrds cdj prds`cdltd futmr`tfr`m cd Kfsefr fj Fsfr, ygmnkftd gml sus budrzfs ærdfs fj Dstfcm @sjæn`gm, qud

mgupf vfr`fs jmgfj`cfcds cd dstms pfîsds, cdlulg`f f [u-s`f pmr dj fpmym qud kr`lcf fj omk`drlm cd Kfsefr, fj kmnkfrcdfr gml dj prdtdxtm cd gmnkft`r f jms tdrrmr`stfs fvdrcfcdrms y emldstms mpms`tmrds y ndc`fltd su fgg`÷ldl gmmrc`lfg`÷l gml mtrms Dstfcms sd ef jmorfcm ul Fjtmfj Budom.

W`l ul æp`gd cd cdk`j`cfc su mpusm b`rndndltd fj prmorf-nf lugjdfr cd @ræl, jd `npusm sflg`mlds y jmor÷ f`sjfrjm aultm f jf Tl`÷l Durmpdf dl ul gmltdxtm `ltdrlfg`mlfj dlqud dstd pfîs pàrs`gm, sd `lsdrtfkf dl dj orupm cd lfg`m-lds dndrodltd gml gjfrfs prmydgg`mlds flt`mgg`cdltfjds.[dlulg`frml f su prmorfnf lugjdfr jm qud gmlst`tuy÷ ulàx`tm pfrf jf c`pjmnfg`f lmrtdfndr`gflf.

Cdspuàs cd dstd rdgmrr`cm qud ednms rdfj`zfcm cd jf pmjî-t`gf dxtdr`mr fpj`gfcf curfltd dstms föms cd omk`drlm pmrdj prds`cdltd Kfrfh Mkfnf, jjdofnms f jf Fnàr`gf Jft`-lf, cmlcd jf `zqu`drcf efkîf jmorfcm sdnkrfr ul sdlt`-n`dltm flt`lmrtdfndr`gflm dl jf rdo`÷l, qud sd trfcugîfdl ulf emst`j`cfc nfl`b`dstf pmr pfrtd cd sus prds`cdltds,nugems cdn÷grftfs y j`kdrfjds, jm qud sd pmlîf cd nfl`-b`dstm dl jms bmrms y dvdltms `ltdrlfg`mlfjds, cmlcd sd

cdafkf sdlt`r ulf budrtd gmrr`dltd dstfcmul`cdlsd.

Dstm jjdv÷ fj brfgfsm cd jf Fj`flzf pfrf dj Yrmordsm y`ltdltms cd dstfkjdgdr fgudrcms cd J`krd Gmndrg`m dDstfcms Tl`cms y vfr`ms pfîsds cd jf rdo`÷l. Smcm fgcm cd `ltdorfg`÷l pmstdr`mr brfgfs÷ tfnk`àl, sfjvmul`÷l cd pfîsds cd jf dxtrdnf `zqu`drcf dl jf Fj`flzfKmj`vfr`flf pfrf jms Yudkjms cd Ludstrf Fnàr`g

(FJKF) y jf (TLFWT[) qud nflt`dldl g`drtf dstfk`j`-cfc, pdrm qud rdprdsdltfl næs ru`cms qud ludgds. Jugenms pmrqud jf Fnàr`gf Jft`lf tdlof ulf ludvf v`s`÷l cdjf prmkjdnæt`gf dgml÷n`gf y pmjît`gf qud dlbrdltfl,gmnm sfj`r cd jf pmkrdzf, qud lm ds ndc`fltd jf b÷rnu pmpuj`stf y cdnfo÷o`gf prdgml`zfcf pmr jms NfcuGmrrdf, Cfl`dj Mrtdof, Dvm Nmrfjds y [fñj Gfstrm cgdltrfj`zfg`÷l, dj dstft`snm y gmjdgt`v`zfg`÷l.

Dstd dsbudrzm pfrf qud lm sdf dstàr`j. Gmnm pjfltdf jms Fjkdrtm Nmltfldr, prdstò`msm dsgr`tmr j`kdrfj, tdldr su gmltrfpfrt`cf dl jms prmp`ms Dstfcms Tl`c«Ymrqud guflcm dsd pfîs prmgjfnf su gmlc`g`÷l cd gfzf cd Mgg`cdltd, nd tdnm qud lm fjgflzf rdfjndltd fdltdlcdr sus prmp`fs rdspmlsfk`j`cfcds budrf cdj pdrîntrm cd jfs fj`flzfs n`j`tfrds, jf trflsbdrdlg`f cd tdglmjmoîf gmndrg`fj`zfkjd m dj fpmrtd cd gfp`tfj¸.

Fj vdr jms mkstægujms qud dlbrdltf Mkfnf pfrf sfgfr fcjfltd su prmydgtm smkrd jf `lnòrfg`÷l, jf Wfjuc, y mqud rdculcfræl dl kdldb`g`m cd tmcm dj pudkjm lmrtdr`gflm, vmjvdnms ludvfndltd f jms dsgr`tms cd GfrFjkdrtm Nmltfldr dj gufj c`gd1 «Jms c`ròdltds pmjît`

cd jms Dstfcms Tl`cms. Dspdg`fjndltd jms `lstfjfcms dGmlordsm, gml ulf fgt`tuc rfyflf dl dj cdscàl, sudjdlòlmrfr gufltm mgurrd dl Fnàr`gf Jft`lf. Cdj ndc`m n`-jjfr cd gmlords`stfs qud emy efgdl jfs jdyds dl jms Dscms Tl`cms, fpdlfs ul puöfcm sdrîf gfpfz cd dxpj`gfqu`àlds sml jms fcdgms vdldzmjflms m jms rfc`gfjds ft`lms. Jms Dstfcms Tl`cms gmnm jms cdvmtms cd Kærkfrf, smjm guflcm trudlf cdscd jf `zqu`drcf sd fgucfl cd Fnàr`gf Jft`lf, jm gufj `ldv`tfkjdndltd grdf dl-trd lmsmtrms ulf gmrr`dltd cd rdsdlt`n`dltms¸.

P gmlt`lñf1 «Wdou`nms f jms Dstfcms Tl`cms, gmnmrftmlds fj bjfut`stf cd jf bækujf, s`l gmlmgdr jf rutf y grddrlms qud ds ludstrf. L` sd lms gmlsujtf, l` sd lms v`tf, y f vdgds l` s`qu`drf sd lms lmt`b`gf ,Jms DstfcTl`cms nflt`dldl jf b`gg`÷l cd qud dlgfkdzfl f Mgg`-cdltd pdrm lm efy ul gudjjm rdfj qud ulf dsf gfkdzf Fnàr`gf Jft`lf, lm efy fpdlfs vfsms gmnul`gfltds¸.

Fordofkf Nmltfldr1 «Ds fksmjutfndltd mkv`m qud prmorfnf cd dxpjmrfg`÷l dspfg`fj cd jms smv`àt`gmldgds`tfkf fj gmsnmlfutf gukflm Frlfjcm Sfnfym Nàl-cdz, pdrm dj edgem cd `lv`tfrjm, y prdpfrfrjm pfrf ulf

dgml÷n`fdgml÷n`f

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[fn÷l A@NÀLDQ Frdlg`k`f. J`gdlg`fcm dl Dgm-lmnîf pmr jf Tl`vdrs`cfc cd Jf Efkflf, dl 6054. Adbd cd jfJugef Gjflcdst`lf pmr jf Auvdltuc Wmg`fj`stf Ympujfr gmltrf jf

c`gtfcurf cd Bujodlg`m Kft`stf dl Wfltf Gjfrf, Jfs R`jjfs. Bul-

cfcmr y Adbd cdj Gudrpm cd Gmn`sfr`ms Ymjît`gms dl dj Dadrg`tm

cdj Gdltrm. Dxprdsm pmjît`gm dl cms mgfs`mlds, curfltd jf pr`-

ndrf bud dj pr`lg`pfj dxpmldltd cd Jf N`grmbrfgg`÷l dl jf

rdo`÷l gdltrfj cd Gukf, dl 6025, cdspuàs gmlcdlfcm pmr su

fgdrgfn`dltm f orupms trmtsh`stfs jft`lmfndr`gflms, dl 60?7.

Dadrgd gmnm Ydr`mc`stf, K`kj`mtdgfr`m y Kjmoodr @lcdpdlc`dl-

td. Lfg`÷ y rds`cd dl Wfltf Gjfrf, R`jjf Gjfrf.

dgml÷n`fdgml÷n`f s`÷l dl dj dspfg`m, jd prmpmrg`mlf fj rdnmtm sftàj`td flt`-jjflm, ulf sdlsfg`÷l cd pdrtdldlg`f f ul nulcm dl dj qudjms gukflms lm sml smjm suadtms pfs`vms cd jf e`stmr`f¸.

P prmsdouîf1 «Jms Dstfcms Tl`cms, dl sunf cdkdl dltdl-cdr qud jf Fnàr`gf Jft`lf ldgds`tf rdprdsdltfr ul pfpdjdl jf g`v`j`zfg`÷l pjfldtfr`f qud jdltfndltd sd gmlstruyd,y cdkdl gmltr`ku`r f bmndltfrjm, `lv`tflcm orfcufjndltd

f jms jft`lmfndr`gflms f jfs tfrdfs cd jf fgg`÷l y cd jfgrdfg`÷l, lm smjm pmr jfs orfvds rdspmlsfk`j`cfcds àt`gfsqud gmltrfd gml su ‚gudrpm„ jf ‚gfkdzf„ cd gufjqu`drmrofl`snm, s`lm pmrqud f ndc`m m jfrom pjfzm, s` gmlt`-lñf dj prmgdsm cd cdorfcfg`÷l pmjît`gf y smg`fj dl Fnàr`-gf Jft`lf, jms Dstfcms Tl`cms tdlcræl qud dlbrdltfrsd ful grdg`dltd lñndrm cd lfg`mlds emst`jds qud mc`fl fj pmcdr qud lm supm gmlvmgfrjfs odldrmsfndltd pfrf jfstfrdfs cd jf g`v`j`zfg`÷l gmjdgt`vf, y qud s`stdnæt`gfndl-td ef mptfcm pmr òlmrfrjfs¸.

Jf GDJFG, ds dxprds`÷l cd jm fltdr`mr, gmlst`tuyd ulorupm cd lfg`mlds cd dstf rdo`÷l, qud prægt`gfndltd fpm-yfcm y dst`nujfcm pmr jf `zqu`drcf gfrlîvmrf jft`lmfndr`-gflfs efl gmlvdrt`cm dl ulf budrzf emst`j f jms DstfcmsTl`cms. Dl jf ñjt`nf Gunkrd cd dstms pfîsds, cmlcd pfr-t`g`p÷ dj prds`cdltd Mkfnf, fjjî rmcdfcm pmr jms adbds cdDstfcm y cd omk`drlm cd jf rdo`÷l, e`zm brdltd gml `ltdj`-odlg`f f jms ftfquds cd Gr`st`lf Bdrlælcdz cd Frodlt`lf,[fbfdj Gmrrdf cd Dgufcmr, Cfl`dj Mrtdof cd L`gfrfouf,dstfkjdg`dlcm pudltds pfrf dj rdstfkjdg`n`dltm cd jf gml-b`flzf, y cflcm f gmlmgdr qud jms Dstfcms Tl`cms, dstf-ræl s`dnprd fj jfcm cd jf cdnmgrfg`f dl dstd edn`sbdr`m, pml`dlcm ul brdlm fj grdg`dltd cdtdr`mrm qud sd vdlîf prmcug`dlcm cd jf `nfodl cd dstd orfl pfîs.

Wd gmlmgd qud cdscd qud dj omk`drlm lmrtdfndr`gflmcda÷ cd trftfr cd cdrrmgfr fj rào`ndl gukflm cd nmcmc`rdgtm, dl jms föms sdsdltf, dj dnkfrom dgml÷n`gm efs`cm dj `lstrundltm pr`lg`pfj cd jf pmjît`gf dstfcmul`cdl-sd. Wu `ltdlg`÷l drf cdscd dj pr`lg`p`m trftfr cd cdsdstfk`-j`zfr jf dgmlmnîf gukflf, y gmnk`lfcm dstm gml jfs fg-g`mlds c`rdgtfs, prdpfrflcm dj tdrrdlm pfrf ulf rdkdj`÷l.

Gfnk`ms e`st÷r`gms sòl`b`gft`vms sd efl prmcug`cm dl jfsrdjfg`mlds dltrd jms omk`drlms cd Gukf y Dstfcms Tl`cms.Efl qudcfcm ftræs næs cd 49 föms cd emst`j`cfc, y nu-gems pmj`t÷jmoms gfj`b`gfl dstd edgem gmnm dj ñjt`nm gf- pîtujm cd jf Oudrrf Brîf dl dj edn`sbdr`m mgg`cdltfj.

Ds g`drtm qud jf pmjît`gf dxtdr`mr cd jms Dstfcms Tl`cmscdkd prmnmvdr jf cdnmgrfg`f, y qud dj tdnf cdj rdspdtmcd jms Cdrdgems Eunflms dl jf @sjf y dj pjurfj`snm pmjî-t`gm, cdkd dstfr dl jf fodlcf cdj nflcftfr`m lmrtdfndr`-gflm. Nugems lm gmnpfrtdl dstd v`fad fj pfîs cmlcd dx`s-td ulf c`gtfcurf qud jjdvf ndc`m sòjm mpr`n`dlcm fj pud-

kjm gukflm, y qud cd sdourm `lcdpdlc`dltd cd jms fjtrtfs nmt`vms qud jm nudvd, rdprdsdltf ul fj`dltm fj o k`drlm y f jf pmjît`gf sdou`cf pmr jms Gfstrm.

Ds ulf rdfj`cfc qud jf v`s`tf cdj prds`cdltdMkfnf, mgurrd dl ndc`m cd ulf sdr`d cdgfnk`ms dstrugturfjds nuy supdrb`g`fjds, qfulqud n`lfl jf prmp`dcfc dstftfj, lm gfn-k`fl jf dsdlg`f cd ul s`stdnf kfsfcm dl djgdltrfj`snm dgml÷n`gm y jf Yjfl`b`gfgGdltrfj.

Gmnm dl Ge`lf y R`dtlfn dj omk`drlm cd [fñj Gfstrmfpudstf pmrqud sòf `npdrflcm dj s`stdnf cd Yfrt`cm Ñgm, fulqud jf dgmlmnîf gukflf dstæ ndlms fk`drtf qud

cd dstms cms pfîsds fltds ndlg`mlfcms. Dj pudkjm cd kf dspdrf lm sdr cdbrfucfcm, y qud dj rdprdsdltfltd cdYr`ndrf Ymtdlg`f dgml÷n`gf nulc`fj, dxàf fltd dj prdscdltd Gfstrm, qud rdspdtd jms cdrdgems `lfj`dlfkjds gukflm dl sus austfs fsp`rfg`mlds cd v`v`r dl cdnmgrg`f.

Cdkdnms fcn`t`r qud dj gfn`lm `l`g`fcm pmr Mkfnfdstæ gfrofcm cd orflcds c`b`gujtfcds y cd nugefs `lgmn prdls`mlds. Jf mpms`g`÷l dstæ c`v`c`cf dl gufltm f ludvf pmjît`gf efg`f dj omk`drlm gukflm. Ds gmnm ccfr y lm rdg`k`r lfcf f gfnk`m. Wòudl gml budrzf jv`mjfg`mlds cd jms Cdrdgems Eunflms, jms gfnk`ms ærdf dgml÷n`gf sml `npdrgdpt`kjds, gmlt`lñfl jfs omjzfs f mpms`tmrds y Cfnfs cd Kjflgm, y dstæ fusdltdc`spms`g`÷l cd jms Gfstrm, cd fkr`r dj gfn`lm f ulf trflg`÷l pfgîb`gf efg`f jf cdnmgrfg`f.

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Ymr1 Aufl Fjkdrtm cd jf Ludz [fnîrdz

6; lm Orfcm.

dgml÷n`fdgml÷n`f

CC dscddscd dj 6040, f jf fgtufj`cfc dj Nmcdjm Dgm-l÷n`gm Gukflm, ds cdsfstrmsm d `nprmcugt`-vm, dj qud ef jjdvfcm fj pfîs f jf ru`lf tmtfj,cdk`cm f ulf `cdmjmoîf qud lm rdgmlmgd dj pfpdj cdj `lc`v`cum dl dj cdsfrrmjjm y prmordsm cd jf @sjf.

[fñj Gfstrm [uz dj fgtufj prds`cdltd, `ltdltf, gmnm gmstunkrd cd su fltdgdsmr, su edrnflm B`cdj, jf cd dxpdrndltfr, pfrf sfgfr f jf lfg`÷l cdj cdsgfjfkrm smg`mdgml÷n`gm, mgfs`mlfcm pmr dj nfj nfldam cd jf dgmlmnîf yrdgursms, rdfj`zfcms kfam jf Gdltrfj`zfg`÷l cdj Dstfcm

«…Dj ñl`gm nmcm pms`kjd pfrf qud ulf lfg`÷l sfjof cdj jfkdr`ltm `lbrugtumsm cdj dnpmkrdg`n`dltm, ds jf `ltdorfg`÷l ojmkfj`-

zfcmrf, dsf ds jf budrzf nmtr`z pfrf dqu`j`krfr jf smg`dcfc y jf dgmlmnîf, pmr ndc`m cd jf tdglmjmoîf, dj gmlmg`n`dltm, jf gmnu-

l`gfg`÷l y jf `llmvfg`÷l, fj sdr dj `npujsmr qud cdb`ld jms fgtufjds fsultms nulc`fjds, cælcmjd f gfcf `lc`v`cum dj cdrdgem cd

efgdr jm qud qu`drf, s`dnprd y guflcm lm cföd f jms cdnæs. Ojmkfj`zfg`÷l ds `ltdorfg`÷l, prmordsm y prmspdr`cfc, dadrg`cf

kfam dj gmltrmj cd jms `lc`v`cums pmr ndc`m cd jf prmp`dcfc pr`vfcf y jf j`krd dnprdsf…¸.

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dgml÷n`fdgml÷n`f

Dl su `lgfpfg`cfc cd lm rdgmlmgdr jms drrm-rds pmr næs cd ndc`m sòjm, dj rào`ndl rdfj`-

zf ‚rdbmrnfs smg`fj`stfs„ `npjfltfcfs dlgmltrf cd jf j÷o`gf. Jms J`ldfn`dltms cdjYfrt`cm Gmnul`stf cd Gukf (YGG) dxgjuydlfj gùcfcflm cd f p`d, cdj kdldb`g`m cd jfgrdft`v`cfc y jf prmspdr`cfc.

Jms cms ñl`gms nàtmcms pms`kjds pfrf sfj`r cdj

cdtdr`mrm smg`mdgml÷n`gm sml jf Yrmp`dcfcYr`vfcf y jf J`krd Dnprdsf, jm qud ef qud-cfcm cdnmstrfcm dl jms pfîsds qud c`sbrutfldstms kdldb`g`ms. Jfs cms `cdfs odldrfl dl jfsmg`dcfc jm qud sd cdlmn`lf Dgmlmnîf Ymjî-t`gf. Jf Dgmlmnîf y jf Ymjît`gf sml ul smjmdjdndltm `lsdpfrfkjd, dj ‚c`vmrg`m„ dltrd

djjfs ds `lfn`s`kjd y jms pfîsds qud v`mjfl suul`cfc subrdl jfs gmlsdgudlg`fs cd jf n`sdr`feunflf.

Amsà Nfrtî càm smkrd jf Dgmlmnîf Ymjît`gf1 «Jfs orflcdsldgds`cfcds sd rdvdjfl gml ulf `ls`stdlg`f tdlfz. Jugefl pdrpdtufndltd dl jf v`cf smg`fj jms cms pr`lg`p`ms. Dj cdjf cmn`lfg`÷l, tmcm drrmr. Dj cd jf j`kdrtfc, tmcf lmkjdzf.Dl dgmlmnîf pmjît`gf fqudj sd jjfnf prmtdgg`ml`snm8 dstd

sd jjfnf j`krd gfnk`m¸. Dstd pdlsfn`dltm cd Nfrtî, buddsgr`tm cdspuàs qud jdy÷ ‚Dj Gfp`tfj„ cd Nfrx y Dlodj

Jf Yrmp`dcfc Yr`vfcf, j`kdrf fj `lc`v`cum ccmn`l`m cdsndc`cm cdj Dstfcm, y pmr gm

ou`dltd bulcf jfs kfsds cdj rdspdtm f jms C

rdgems Eunflms, jf j`krd dxprds`÷l y jf `lcdpdlcdlg`f cd jms gùcfcflms, gmlv`rt`àlcmdl sdrds j`krds y lm cdpdlc`dltd cdj DstfcWu bulg`mlfj`cfc lm ds smjm dxgjus`vf crdgem cd ul `lc`v`cum cudöm cd jm suymqud jf Yrmp`dcfc Yr`vfcf, pudcd sdr pdrslfj, bfn`j`fr y gmjdgt`vf. Dsd orfl pr`v`jdoj`kdrf f jms gùcfcflms cd jms gmltrmjds dtfjds, y sd kfsf dl jms kdldb`g`ms cdj Cdrcd Yrmp`dcfc.

Gml jf J`krd Dnprdsf, tfnk`àl sd j`kdrf fj `lc`v`cum cdjgmltrmj cdj Dstfcm dl jms fsultms dgml÷n`gms, cælcdj cdrdgem f jms gùcfcflms fj `ltdrgfnk`m vmjultfr`mndrgflgîfs y sdrv`g`ms, fj prmpmrg`mlfrjds f jfs pdrsmdj cdrdgem f cdtdrn`lfr dl jfs cdg`s`mlds cd sus prmp

ldomg`ms, d `lgrdndltfr jf gmnpdt`t`v`cfc, jf `llmvfg`÷jf grdft`v`cfc, dj prmordsm y jf prmspdr`cfc.

Mtrms kdldb`g`ms qud prmpmrg`mlfrîf jfp`dcfc Yr`vfcf y jf J`krd Dnprdsf, cd dx`s-t`r, fundltm cd jf budltd cd dnpjdms, of-rfltîf cdj sfjfr`m cd jms trfkfafcmrds, dqu`jkrfrîf mbdrtf y cdnflcf cd jms ndc`ms cd

gmlsunm, dst`nujflcm jf prmcugt`v`cfc, cælcmjd jf pms`k`j`cfc f jms gùcfcflmssfj`r cd jf pmkrdzf. Dstfs j`kdrtfcds qud sdxgjus`vfs cd jms sdrds eunflms fj bmraf`lst`tug`mlds cd jf Wmg`dcfc G`v`j dl dj c

62

Wdcd gdltrfj cdj Bmlcm Nmldtfr`m @ltdrlfg`mlfj dl _fse`lotml, CG


17/42

Aufl Fjkdrtm CD JF LTDQ [fnîrdz. Sdrn`-l÷ dj 6; orfcm dl dj @lst`tutm Yrdul`vdrs`tfr`m dl dj Gfnpm

‚Aufl Fjkdrtm Cîfz„ (@YTDG). Dstuc`÷ efstf tdrgdr föm cd Sàg-

l`gm Ndc`m dl Nfqu`lfr`f Fzugfrdrf dl dj Ymj`tàgl`gm Fzugf-

rdrm ‚Surqu`lm„, fcaultm fj Gmnpjdam Form`lcustr`fj ‚4 cd

Wdpt`dnkrd„. Yrdsm Ymjît`gm guflcm dstfkf cdstfgfcm dl jf

Tl`cfc N`j`tfr ;9;9 cd J`nmlfr, Nftflzfs, pmr dj cdj`tm cd

Ftdltfcm gmltrf ul mb`g`fj, rdsujtflcm sflg`mlfcm f 5 föms cd

pr`vfg`÷l cd j`kdrtfc, dl pr`ndrf `lstflg`f dl ulf gærgdj gfs-

trdlsd y cdspuàs jm pfsfrml f jf pr`s`÷l g`v`j cd Fr`zf, G`dlbud-

oms. Wd cdsdnpdöf gmnm pdr`mc`stf `lcdpdlc`dltd y fgt`v`stf

pmjît`gm prmcdnmgræt`gm. Lfg`÷ y rds`cd dl Foufcf cd Yfsfad-

rms, G`dlbudoms, 6020, ds kjmoudrm y k`kj`mtdgfr`m `lcdpdl-

c`dltd.

gem f mrofl`zfrsd, nfl`bdstfrsd y grdfr s`l-c`gftms j`krds d `lcdpdlc`dltds.

Gukf lm dstæ fadlf f jf pms`k`j`cfc cd `npjdndltfr dstmsgfnk`ms, ds `lfn`s`kjd qud jms edrnflms Gfstrm sòfl auoflcm f jfs ndc`fs rdbmrnfs, s`l rdfj`zfr trflsbmrnf-g`mlds dstrugturfjds qud fgfkdl gml jf n`sdr`f qud fbdgtf

f næs cdj 09% cd jf pmkjfg`÷l gukflf, pmr fltmam y gf- pr`gem cd qu`dlds cdsdfl gmlt`lufr gmltrmjflcm tmcm dj prmgdcdr cd jms `lc`v`cums.

Dj mb`g`fj`snm l`dof jf Yrmp`dcfc Yr`vfcf y jf J`krd Dn- prdsf f jms gukflms cd f p`d, y jds mbrdgd dsd cdrdgem fjms dx-n`j`tfrds, gmrmldjds y odldrfjds dl jfs dnprdsfsrdgdptmrfs cd nmldcfs `ltdrlfg`mlfjds (C÷jfr DTF- Du-rm- Pdl - J`krf Dstdrj`lf dtg.)8 kmlcfcds dstfs qud dxt`dl-cd f dnprdsfr`ms dxtrfladrms y fj gfp`tfj b`lflg`drm `ltdr-lfg`mlfj.

Lm ds cd cucfr qud [fñj Gfstrm y jf gfnfr`-jjf cd ‚rdbmrn`stfs„ cdj Nmcdjm Wmg`fj`stfGukflm, gmlmzgfl qud dl jf Yrmp`dcfc Yr`-vfcf y dl jf J`krd Dnprdsf, dstæl tmcfs jfssmjug`mlds cd jf n`sdr`f eunflf y dgml÷n`-gf. Dadnpjm gmlv`lgdltd cd dstm ds dj Yudrtmcdj Nfr`dj, dj Sur`snm, jms Fjgmemjds b`lms, djLîqudj, jfs Ydrbmrfg`mlds Ydtrmjdrfs dtg.

Jms fcudöfcms cdj pmcdr gukflm, lm fgdptfl pfrf su pudkjm jf rdfj`cfc qud mbrdgdl f sus g÷npj`gds n`j`tfrds,fnòms y gmnpföîfs dxtrfladrfs. Wd l`dofl f mbrdgdr fsus gmtdrrældms jms cdrdgems næs ul`vdrsfjds, tfl flt`-oums gmnm jf e`stmr`f cd jf eunfl`cfc, pmrqud rdgmlmgdlqud jf J`krd Dnprdsf y jf Yrmp`dcfc Yr`vfcf, ds s`l÷l`-nm cd j`kdrtfc, y pmr gmlsòu`dltd jf pàrc`cf cdj pmcdr

fksmjutm cd qu`dlds cdsdfl nfltdldr jf gmlt`lu`cfc cdjGfstrm-gmnul`snm.

@npjdndltfr jf Yrmp`dcfc Yr`vfcf y jf J`krd Dnprdsf dGukf, fkfrgfræ ul fkfl`gm cd trflsbmrnfg`mlds qud lmsmjm `lgrdndltfræl dj cdsfrrmjjm smstdl`kjd cd jf dgmnîf, su `cdlt`cfc bfvmrdgdræ f jf gujturf, jf dcugfg`÷l, dcdpmrtd, jf sfjuc, y jf bmrnfg`÷l cd ul Dstfcm cd Cdr

gem.Dstfs rdbmrnfs sdrîfl `ldv`tfkjd `lg`cdlg`f cj`n`tfr dj pmcdr dstftfj (omk`drlm), fj jmosuksflfr jms nfjds cd jf Fcn`l`strfg`÷l Yñ-kj`gf, qud pdrcurfl pmr næs cd ndc`m sòjcælcmjds f dstfs bulg`mlds smg`fjds1 «gfjprmbds`mlfj`cfc, rdspdtm, grdc`k`j`cfc y asfjfr`ms f jms dnpjdfcms pr`vfcms, fsî gmqud sd dj`n`lf jf gmrrupg`÷l y sd bmndltf `cmld`cfç. Ñl`gfndltd pmr ndc`m cd jfsj`kdrtfcds dnprdsfr`fjds y pr`vfcfs sd jmorfræ sfj`r cdj cdtdr`mrm smg`mdgml÷n`gm g

dgml÷n`fdgml÷n`f

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Jf sdoulcf sdcd


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Ymr1 Ou`jjdrnm Bfr`öfs Edrlælcdz

J`g. dl Ys`gmjmoîf .

DD j Fpfrftm cd Gmltrmj Wmg`fj y [dprds`÷l cdjomk`drlm gfstr`stf `ltdltf `lsdrtfr, f tmcms jmsl`vdjds pms`kjds, dj cdrrmt`snm cdltrm cd jfsb`jfs cd jms mpms`tmrds lm v`mjdltms gukflms, f

pfrt`r cdj cdstfpd cd jfs gmlvdrsfg`mlds sdgrdtfs dltrd jmsomk`drlms cd jf [dpñkj`gf cd Gukf y dj cd jms DstfcmsTl`cms cd Fnàr`gf, cdscd dj pfsfcm 6? cd c`g`dnkrd cdj;963. Tlfs pjæt`gfs ndc`fltd jfs gufjds jf Nfymr Ymtdl-g`f Nulc`fj, gmndlz÷ f tmjdrfr pmjît`gfndltd fj omk`drlmflt`cdnmgræt`gm gfstr`stf y qud dl dj vdrflm cdj föm;964, `lgjusm, sd fkr`drml sdlcfs dnkfafcfs dl _fse`lo-tml y Jf Efkflf.

Fjom qud dl sî n`snm8 jd mtmrof ul ndlmr gmstm pmjît`gmgml jfs c`sn`lug`÷l cd jfs fgg`mlds rdprds`vfs, qud sd vd

mkjòfcm f efgdrjd f sus gfcf vdz næs ftrdv`cms, ndc`ægms, gîv`gms y flt`tmtfj`tfr`ms mpmldltds, gmnm jfs cdsdspdrfcfs nfldrfs cd nfltdldrsd, pfrf lm pdrcdr dj pmcdr dadgut`vm- pmjît`gm. Ymrqud fulqud jms næx`c`ròdltds cdj gfstr`snm lm jm rdgmlmzgfl pñkj`gfndlgfcf cîf ds nfymr jf budrzf prds`mlfltd y jf cdpdlcdlg`frdspdgtm f su pr`lg`pfj dldnòm pmjît`gm «Dj @npdnm Pflqu`¸ dl jms pfsms y cdg`s`mlds pul`t`vfs qud c`fr`m sd fcmptfl cdltrm cdj fpfrftm rdprds`vm gfstr`st

Ymrqud prdg`sfndltd dsd, y lm mtrm, ds dj mkadt`vmldomg`fg`mlds dltrd jms efstf femrf pñkj`gms y fgàrr`dldnòms, qud budrml, sml y sdræl jms omk`drlms cd y jms Dstfcms Tl`cms. M sdf, qud ul cîf k`dl gdrgflmdgmlmnîf gukflf cdpdlcf y efstf pdlcf cd jms gràc`tm

mjît`gfmjît`gf

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lmrtdfndr`gflms, gml jf dxgjus`vf gmlc`g`÷l pmr pfrtd cdjms gfstr`stfs dl dj dadrg`g`m cdj pmcdr, cdkdl dstfr djjms fjbrdltd m cdtræs dl dj nfldam cd dstms ‚gfnk`ms„. Dsm dsjm qud sd dstæ urc`dlcm dltrd jms omkdrlfltds flt`jjflms yjms dstfcmul`cdlsds, tmcm jm cdnæs sml c`strfgtmrfs‚gmjunlfs cd eunm„.

Lm pmr oustm y trfs dj flulg`m mb`g`fj cd jfpr÷x`nf R`s`tf cd Dstfcm cdj Yrds`cdltd cdjms Dstfcms Tl`cms cd Fnàr`gf, dj Wdömr Kf-rfgh Mkfnf, f jf [dpñkj`gf cd Gukf, qud sdcdkd cd dbdgtufr dltrd jms cîfs ;9 y ;; cdnfrzm cdj prdsdltd ;962, ul orupm cdbudltds grdîkjds fj `ltdr`mr cdj Yfrt`cm Gm-

nul`stf cd Gukf (YGG) efl `lbmrnfcm, quddltrd 79. 999 y 34. 999 n`j`tfltds cd dsfdlt`cfc pmjît`gf, fndlfzfl gml dltrdofr susrdspdgt`vms gfrldts cdj YGG. Kfam dj prdtdxtmcd qud sd dstæ gjfuc`gflcm gml dj dldnòme`st÷r`gm cd jf [dvmjug`÷l Gukflf, fjom quddjjms lm dstæl c`spudstms f fgdptfr.

W`l dnkfrom, jjfnf pmcdrmsfndltd jf ftdlg`÷l, qud jf`lndlsf nfymrîf cd jf n`j`tflg`f cdj YGG dl dstms nm-ndltms dstà cd fgudrcm, gml jms pfsms cfcms pmr [fñjGfstrm [uz, cd frr`kfr f fgudrcms y ldomg`fg`mlds dgml÷-n`gfs nutufndltd kdldb`g`msfs gml jms ‚dxpjmtfcmrdsgfp`tfj`stfs„ lmrtdfndr`gflms m cd gufjqu`dr mtrf pfrtd cddstd nulcm. Femrf gfs` lfc`d sd gudst`mlf, cdscd jmsmtrmrf mrtmcmxms d `rrdvdrs`kjds pultms cd v`stf cdj Nfr-x`snm-jdl`l`snm dstd «[dv`s`ml`snm cd Cdrdgef¸, sdoñljm t`jcfrf Rjfc`n`r @j`ge Jdl`l, dl qud femrf n`snm `lgu-

rrd Dj Ndlmr cd jms Edrnflms Gfstrm.

Wdoñl cftms pukj`gfcms dl dj pfsfcm R@ Gmlordsm cdjYfrt`cm Gmnul`stf cd Gukf, sus n`dnkrms drfl næs cdjms 299. 999. Vu`dl efof ul s`npjd gæjgujm nftdnæt`gmdltdlcdræ, qud smjm sd mpmldl f gfn`lfr efg`f Dj Gfp`tf-j`snm, jf fltîpmcf cdj Wmg`fj`snm, y dj `cdfj pmr dj qudtd÷r`gfndltd sd supmldl jugefl dl pmjît`gf jms gmnul`s-tfs, smjm ul ?,4 % cd jf nfsf cd n`j`tfltds cdj YGG dltmcf Gukf, fjom qud cf nugem qud pdlsfr y dspdgujfr.Dltmlgds ul 07,4 % cd jms n`j`tfltds gmnul`stfs gukflms

cdsdfl dlrunkfrsd pmr jms ‚dxpjmtfcmrds gfn`lms gfp`j`stfs„.

Jfs prmydgg`mlds f jfrom pjfzm c`sdöfcfs dl Dj Gmlscd Cdbdlsf y Wdour`cfc Lfg`mlfj (GMCDWDLF), d kdzfcm pmr dj Odldrfj cd Kròfcf Fjdaflcrm Gfstrm pîl, eàm vfr÷l cdj Yrds`cdltd [fñj Gfstrm [uz, sml jfs cjmorfr sdr fgdptfcms gmnm Lmndlhjfturf Gfstr`stf qud

sml, pmr dj Fndr`gfl Dstfkj`sendlt qud omk`drlf f jfYmtdlg`f cdj Lmrtd. Cmlcd dstàl `lgju`cms fnkms pfcms pmjît`gms, jàfsd Cdn÷grftf y [dpukj`gflm, fsî gmtfnk`àl jfs pr`lg`pfjds gmrpmrfg`mlds `ltdrlfg`mlfjds qudgml÷n`gfndltd cmn`lfl fj nulcm d `lbjuydl orflcd-ndltd smkrd pmjît`gf dl jfs c`st`ltfs rdo`mlds cd dstd pldtf.

Yfrf fjgflzfr dstm sd ldgds`tf smkrd tmcm, fjom cd t`dcmlcd jms mpmldltds næs r`gms y gmnprmndt`cms dx`j`m gml jfs gfusfs flt`gfstr`stfs, vfyfl bfjjdg`dlcm cnmcm lfturfj8 pdrm pdrs`stdltd, bulcfndltfjndltd fqud-jjms qud rds`cdl dl tdrr`tmr`m cd jms Dstfcms Tl`cmFnàr`gf, pfrf qud sus eàms y l`dtms guflcm fsunfl susdx`tmsfs dnprdsfs, sd l`doudl f fpmrtfr ul gdltfvm pfrjf J`kdrtfc y Cdnmgrft`zfg`÷l cd jf @sjf. P qud dstmedrdcdrms lm gmltr`kuyfl gml orflcds g`brfs cd c`ldrmjfs jfkmrds cd gfk`jcdm pmjît`gm dl fnkfs gænfrfs cGmlordsm dstfcmul`cdlsd.

Sfnk`àl jd ds ldgdsfr`m fj gfstr`snm ul dspfg`m tdnpmrfj, cdk`cm f qud ul orupm `npmrtfltd cd bòurfs mpmsrfs rdkfsfl jf dcfc cd jms 34 föms y pmr jfs vfr`fs pr`s`

lds qud efl subr`cm dl su dlbrdltfn`dltm fj Smtfj`tfr`snmGfstr`stf, sus dstfcms cd sfjuc sd dlgudltrfl nuy rdsqud krfafcms. [fz÷l pmr jf gufj pmcrîfl, f gmrtm m f ndc`f pjfzm, `rsd gmnpj`gflcm y pmr tfltm pdrcdr gfpfg`cfcj`cdrfzom pmr rfzmlds cd dlbdrndcfc, y cd dsf nfldrsus mrofl`zfg`mlds mpms`tmrfs cdafrîfl cd tdldr jf `nptflg`f dl jf trfls`g`÷l, qud dl dstms nmndltms sî tdl-crîfl, s` dstf sd prmcuadrf femrf.

Ds f su vdz ulf rdfj ldgds`cfc cd fjfrofr dj t`dnpm, pfrfqud jms Mpms`tmrds Futàlt`gms, qud lm sml fodltds c×roflms cd jf Wdour`cfc cdj Dstfcm, y qud lm nflt`dld pms`g`mlds pmjît`gfs gmlvdl`dltds pfrf jms pjflds f jfy ndc`flm pjfzm cd jf [dvmjug`÷l, sdfl flujfcms. Yfrfqud jms mpms`tmrds prm-rdvmjug`÷l sdfl rdfjzfcms pmr jmndc`ms cd prdlsf y dl pmjît`gf pmr dlg`nf cd mtrms nfltòums, ndc`æt`gms, rdfg`ms y rdgfjg`trfltds f fgdptfldgds`cfc cd lm cdsnmltfr jfs dstrugturfs cd jf [dvmjug`÷l, f àstms sd jds cdkd dst`nujfr sus pms`g`mldsgmmpdrfg`÷l y tmjdrflg`f gml jf [dvmjug`÷l f l`vdj `ltlfg`mlfj.

Ymr ñjt`nm, ds ldgdsfr`f jf pr÷rrmof, yf qud jm n`snm

pmjît`gfpmjît`gf

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mjît`gfmjît`gf C`rdgg`÷l Odldrfj cd Gmltrf`ltdjòdlg`f cdj N`l`stdr`mcdj @ltdr`mr (COG@-N@L@LS) gmnm jf C`rdgg`÷l cd Gml-trf`ltdjòdlg`f N`j`tfr cdj N`l`stdr`m cd jfs Budrzfs Fr-nfcfs [dvmjug`mlfr`fs (G@N-N@LBF[) `ltrmcuadrml susfodltds kfam c`st`ltfs guk`drtfs mpms`tmrfs, y fsî jmorfrfkfrgfr tmcfs jfs tdlcdlg`fs cd jf C`s`cdlg`f @ltdrlf Gu- kflf. Wdoñl ÷rcdlds cfcfs, pmr dj emy N`l`strm cdj @ltd-r`mr Odldrfj cd C`v`s`÷l Gfrjms Bdrlælcdz Omlcîl, qu`dldxò`÷1 «Ludstrms fodltds cdkdl dlgfkdzfr tfltm jf Cdrd-gef gmnm jf @zqu`drcf cd jf gmltrfrrdvmjug`÷l `ltdrlf¸.

Tl mb`g`fj cd jf COG@-N@L@LS lms e`zm jjdofr ul rdsu-ndl cd jfs Yr`lg`pfjds C`rdgtr`gds b`rnfcfs pmr dj fgtufjR`gdn`l`strm Yr`ndrm cdj @ltdr`mr, R`gdfjn`rfltd Auj`mGdsfr Oflcfr`jjf Kdrndam, fltòum Adbd cd jf G@N-N@LBF[, fj fsun`r efgd ulms pmgms ndsds su ludvmgfrom, rdspdgtm f jf v`s`÷l y jm qud sd qu`drd efgdr gml jfjjfnfcf pmr djjms «Gmltrfrrdvmjug`÷l @ltdrlf¸. Dl jfn`snf sd pudcd mksdrvfr ulf gm`lg`cdlg`f nuy pdjòrm-

sf, gml jm pjfltdfcm pmr dj Odldrfj Bdrlælcdz Omlcîl,efgd ulms sd`s föms, jm qud rdfb`rnf jf ldgds`cfc cd lmmtmrofrjd næs t`dnpm fj gfstr`snm y nugem ndlms f susrdprdsmrds.

Dl jf rdbdr`cf `lbmrnfg`÷l dlv`fcf sd jdd1 «Jms dstrftd-ofs cdj rào`ndl c`gtftmr`fj gfstr`stf, fsp`rfl f fjgflzfrvfr`fs gmsfs ndc`fltd dstfs pjfl`b`gfcfs fgg`mlds prm-cdrrmt`stfs¸. Dl Yr`ndr Juofr1 Vud vfr`ms, prdbdr`kjd-ndltd nugems, cd jms Jîcdrds Mpms`tmrds Lm R`mjdltms d@lgmnprfkjds pmr dj gfstr`snm, sd cds`jus`mldl y tmndljf bftîc`gf cdg`s`÷l cd dx`j`frsd, rfz÷l pmr jf qud cdafrîflcd tdldr ul futàlt`gm pdsm dl dj buturm pmjît`gm cd jf sm-g`dcfc lfg`mlfj. Dl Wdoulcm Juofr1 Vud fjoulms cd jmsnæs gmlmg`cms y ndc`æt`gms Jîcdrds Mpms`tmrds Lm R`m-jdltms d @lgmnprfkjds sd cdadl sdcug`r pmr dj pds`n`snmy sd cdg`cfl f gmjfkmrfr cd fjoulf nfldrf gml dj om- k`drlm gfstr`stf, pfrf jmorfr ulf Srfls`g`÷l Bfjsf. DlSdrgdr Juofr1 Vud jms gmlmg`cms y ndc`æt`gms JîcdrdsMpms`tmrds Lm R`mjdltms d @lgmnprfkjds pmr dj rào`ndlc`gtftmr`fj gfstr`stf, gmn`dlgdl f sdr cdspjfzfcms pmrmtrms Jîcdrds Mpms`tmrds Lm R`mjdltms Bfkr`gfcms mGmnpft`kjds gml dj [ào`ndl y dl Gufrtm Juofr1 Vud cmsm næs cd dstfs vfr`fkjds cd ulf nfldrf gmnk`lfcf pud-cfl sdr y dstæl s`dlcm `npjdndltfcfs pmr dj omk`drlmtmtfj`tfr`m gfstr`stf.

Wd vf efg`dlcm k`dl gjfrm, qud dltrd dstms cms rdprdsmrdscd mb`g`m, Gfrjms Bdrlælcdz Omlcîl y Auj`m Gdsfr Oflcf-r`jjf Kdrndam, dx`std ulf c`bdrdlg`f sustflg`fj dl gufltm fsu gmlgdpg`÷l cdj Fgtm [dprds`vm. N`dltrfs dj pr`ndrmldgds`tf fj sdlt`n`dltm N`dcm dl su gmlgdpg`÷l pfrf pm-cdr trùlbfr smkrd jf Mpms`g`÷l @ltdrlf, dj sdoulcm sd

fbdrrf f jf dnmg`÷l Yds`n`snm pfrf jmorfr sus b`lds.Fulqud «lm cdkdrîfnms `rlms pmr jfs rfnfs¸ dl gufltm fdstd fsultm tfl `npmrtfltd pfrf dj buturm cd Gukf, pmrqjf trflsbmrnfg`÷l v`dld cfcf, cdk`cm f qud ‚fjom„ egfnk`fcm dj gmltdxtm dgml÷n`gm- pmjît`gm y smg`fj g kflm.

Dstd ‚fjom„ dstæ prdsdltd pmr jf trfnf cd jfs ludvfs rdj

g`mlds Gukfvdrsus Dstfcms Tl`cms, yf qud jms omkdrlfl-tds gfstr`stfs jjændlsd gmnm sd jjfndl, [fñj Gfstrm [uzNòudj Cîfz-Gfldj Kdrnñcdz u mtrm qud cdsòldl, tmcmldgds`tfl cd jf fprmkfg`÷l yflqu` pfrf pmcdr sdr jdo`tnfcms fltd ul Yfrt`cm Gmnul`stf cd Gukf qud mksdrvy smkrd tmcm ul N`l`stdr`m cd jfs Budrzfs Frnfcfs [dvjug`mlfr`fs (N@LBF[), qud næs qud mksdrvfr supdrvy dsdlg`fjndltd dxòd rdsujtfcms. Fulqud lfc`d jm dxprsd c`rdgtfndltd8 yf sml nuy pmgms jms `lodlums qudgmnprdlcdl dj ‚ludvm„ runkm cd jf [dvmjug`÷l.

Ds pmr dsm, qud jms fgtufjds y fundltfcdlgfrgdjfn`dltms, omjp`zfs, fndlfzfs y c`bf-nfg`mlds gmltrf jms c`st`ltms orupms cd ms`tmrds lm v`mjdltms fj `ltdr`mr cd Gukfjjdofl gmnm fltds gml dj sæc`gm prmp÷s`ftdnmr`zfr, fndcrdltfr d `lgjusm ftdrrmr`-

zfr, s`l juofr f cucfs fjom qud dl su nm-

ndltm c`m rdsujtfcms. Emy dl cîf sd ldgdstdldr nfymr `nfo`lfg`÷l y pmldrsd f tmlmgml jms ldgdsfr`ms mkadt`vms, pmr jm qutms fgtms fkus`vms lm jjdvfrfl dj b`l cd Cfjdltfr f jms mpms`tmrds lm v`mjdltms, dltml-gds ds ndamr l` efgàrsdjms, pmrqud jms rtfcms pmcrîfl sdr gmltrfprmcugdltds pfrf DGfstr`snm.

Jm dxpj`gfcm fltdr`mrndltd, trfd gmlsòm jf `npjdndltg`÷l cd tmcf ulf Dstrftdo`f [dprds`vf pmr pfrtd cdj GMCDWDLF, qud ds dj ndgfl`snm àj`td cdj Gmltrmj WmYmjît`gm dl Gukf, qud dxtdrlfndltd ds s`n`jfr f jm dadtfcm dl àpmgfs fltdr`mrds, pdrm qud dl sus ludvfs rfî kusgf cdsfrrmjjm y bmrtfjdg`n`dltm cdj sdlt`n`dltm gmg`cm ps`gmj÷o`gfndltd gmnm Cdsfj`dltm. Cmlcd jms fodl-

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tds `lb`jtrfcms dl jfs b`jfs cd jfs c`st`ltfs mrofl`zfg`mldsmpms`tmrfs `ltdrlfs, s`dnprd `ltdltfræl cdg`r brfsds, quddnpuadl f jms tdndrfr`ms flt`gfstr`stfs f fkflcmlfr jfjugef gîv`gf.

Wdrîf kudlm, qud jms Jîcdrds Mpms`tmrds y jms n`j`tfltdscd b`jf tmnfrfl lmtf cd jfs ludvfs tægt`gfs gml qud sd jdsdstæ gmnkft`dlcm. Ymr dsm, brfsds c`gefs dl ænk`tms îlt`-

nms m orupfjds gmnm1 «Cd vdrcfc qud fquî jm qud tdld-nms qud `rlms pf³j gfrfam¸, «Dstm lm jm frrdojf lfc`d, pdrm tfnpmgm jm tunkf lfc`d¸, «Edrnflm8 cdaà cd gm-ndr… y jm qud dstmy pudstm pfrf dj ldomg`m¸,«Edrnflm8 td ndrdgds ulf kdgf cd næs cd ul föm dl ulful`vdrs`cfc dxtrfadrf¸, «Myd8 dj gudrpm lm sd e`zm pfrfgmodr omjpds cd jf Wdour`cfc cdj Dstfcm, dj gudrpm sde`zm pfrf dstfr nmltfcm dl ul fv`÷l cd tfjjdr dl tfjjdr¸.

Dstfs y nugefs mtrfs dxprds`mlds vdrkfjds`ltrmcugdl dj cdsfj`dltm dl ulf buturf v`gtm-r`f cd jf Cdnmgrfg`f dltrd jf n`j`tflg`fmpms`tmrf cd gufjqu`dr prmv`lg`f cd Gukf, cdgufjqu`dr nul`g`p`m cd jf @sjf y cd gufjqu`drkfrr`m cd dstd Frge`p`àjfom. Fjoulms flfj`stfscd dstf gmnpjdaf s`tufg`÷l fj `ltdr`mr cd jfn`j`tflg`f mpms`tmrf flt`gfstr`stf fb`rnfl1

«Grddnms qud jf gfkdzf s`dnprd cdkd `r cd-jfltd, y jf gfkdzf cd gfcf mrofl`zfg`÷l mpm-s`tmrf sml sus jîcdrds, ds pmr dsm, qud jms jîcd-rds cdkdrîfl dstfr jf nfymrîf cdj t`dnpmcdltrm cd Gukf y fcdnæs, gfcf jîcdr cdkdrîfdstfr rdoujfrndltd fj brdltd cd sus n`j`tfl-tds dl jfs fgg`mlds¸.

Dx`std ulf smjf nfldrf cd cdrrmtfr fj Cdsfj`dltm dl jfsb`jfs mpms`tmrfs lm v`mjdltfs gukflfs, dstm ds fjom quddstæ dl jms tdxtm cd E`stmr`f cd Gukf, cmlcd sd pudcdjddr, qud Jms Yfcrds Bulcfcmrds cd jf Yftr`f Gukflf,s`dnprd budrml fj brdltd cd sus sukmrc`lfcms y jd ndt`d-rml dj pdgem f jfs kfjfs cd jms gmjml`zfcmrds dspfömjds.Ymr sudrtd pmr femrf lm lms dlbrdltfnms f jfs kfjfs, pdrmsî f cmjmrmsms kfstmlfzms, pftfcfs, puödtfzms, qud `lgju-ydl tfnk`àl fndlfzfs, frrdstms y efstf dlgfrgdjfn`dl-

tms, pdrm lm cdkdnms rdlc`rlms, pmrqud mtrms gmntfs dl mtrfs àpmgfs lm jm e`g`drml.

Lm sd cdkd sdr ndlms qud fqudjjms d `lgjusm fjougrddl qud jms fgtufjds Mpms`tmrds Lm R`mjdltms smnæs vfj`dltds qud ludstrms gmnpftr`mtfs-fltdgdsmrds,cdk`cm f qud dstf jugef pmjît`gf ds Lm R`mjdltf y n`trfs jms prdcdgdsmrds pmcîfl cdvmjvdr jf v`mjdlg`f qu

prmbdrîfl sus fcvdrsfr`ms pmjît`gms, ds ulf rdojf cddl dstd t`pm cd qudrdjjf lm rdspmlcdr f jf v`mjdlg`f v`mjdlg`f. W` sd fgtufrf cd dstf nfldrf, cd `lndc`ftm scdafrîf cd sdr jm qud smnms y lms trflsbmrnfrîfnms dln`snm qud efgd föms gmnkft`nms, qud lm ds næs qud`npms`g`÷l cdj pmcdr pmjît`gm f trfvàs cd jf v`mjdlg`f

Smcm sdr eunflm ds `lbjudlg`fcm pmr jfs g`rgulstflgcd jf v`cf y dj gmltdxtm smg`fj qud jm rmcdf, pmr jmtfnk`àl nugems sd s`dltdl fbdgtfcms pmr dsd Ndgfl`snmcd Cdbdlsf Ys`gmj÷o`gm cdlmn`lfcm Cdsfj`dltm, fcdnæscd sdr ul sdlt`n`dltm. Yfrf gmnkft`rjm ds ndamr rdpdt`qud jd oustf fb`rnfr f fqudjjms vdg`lms cd Wfltf Gjfqud sml pmrtfcmrds cd ulf gmlcugtf flt`smg`fj, qud Yftmps`gmjmoîf sd gmlgdptufj`zf gmnm Nftml`snm, ful-qud pmpujfrndltd sd jd gmlmgd gufj Oufpdrîf, djjms JmsOufpms s`dnprd fsdourfl1 «Yfrf gmodr omjpds, dstffptms pfrf cdvmjvdrjms, lm efgdrjm… s` efy qud sdr pm cd vdrcfc¸.

pmjît`gfpmjît`gf

;6

Ou`jjdrnm BF[@ÖFW Edrlælcdz.J`gdlg`fcmdl Ys`gmjmoîf pmr jf Tl`vdrs`cfc Gdltrfj ‚Nfrtf Fkrdu„ cd Jfs

R`jjfs, dl 6055. Gmnkft`÷ dl Flomjf y dstuc`÷ dl jf Tl`÷l

Wmv`àt`gf ulf @lodl`drîf N`j`tfr, qud lm gujn`l÷ pmr dlbdrnd -cfc. Dlbrdlt÷ jf gmrrupg`÷l dl dj Emsp`tfj @lbflt`j ‚Ydcrm Km-

rræs Fstmrof„ cd Jf Efkflf, cmlcd trfkfafkf y pmr djjm bud f

pr`s`÷l. Dadgut÷ Eudjof cd Efnkrd dl dj ;992, pmr dj j`krd

fggdsm cd jms gukflms f @ltdrldt, prdn`fcm G`kdrj`kdrtfc cd

[dpmrtdrms s`l Brmltdrfs y Cdrdgems Eunflms cd _d`nfr,

Fjdnfl`f, dl dj ;99?. Fgt`v`stf Ymjît`gm, Wmg`fj, Ydr`mc`stf,

K`kj`mtdgfr`m y Kjmoodr @lcdpdlc`dltd. Yrdsm Ymjît`gm dl Srds

Mgfs`mlds. Yrmtfoml`z÷ vfr`fs eudjofs cd efnkrd, dl jf ñjt`-

nf cd djjfs cd ;969, gmltr`kuy÷ f jf j`kdrfg`÷l cd 662 prdsms

pmjît`gms. Mktuvm Dj Yrdn`m ‚Flcrd` Wæafrmv„ cdj Yfrjfndltm

Durmpdm f jf J`kdrtfc cd Gmlg`dlg`f cdj ;969. Sfnk`àl jd bud

dltrdofcf jf Ndcfjjf Srunfl‗[dfofl f jf J`kdrtfc, pmr R`g-

t`ns mb Gmnul`sn Bmulcft`ml, dl dj ;964. Lfg`÷ y rds`cd dl

Wfltf Gjfrf, R`jjf Gjfrf.


22/42

Ymr1 Amsà [fñj [mcrîoudz [flodj

Cr. dl Ndc`g`lf.

TT l Fgudrcm Nfrgm pfrf `npjdndltfr ul lud-vm e`tm dl jfs rdjfg`mlds dltrd Gukf y JfTl`÷l Durmpdf, sd fgfkf cd gmlgdrtfr dl JfEfkflf. Jf adbf cd jf c`pjmnfg`f cdj R`dam

Gmlt`ldltd, Bdcdr`gf Nmoedr`l`, ef `ls`st`cm dl qud jm pfgtfcm ds ul gmlgmrcftm e`st÷r`gm pfrf dj gmlt`ldltd cdnfrrfs y pfrf dj pudkjm gukflm.

Jf Tl`÷l Durmpdf t`dld dj fvfj cdj Yrdn`m Lmvdj cd jfYfz, prdg`sfndltd pmr kmrrfr cd sus brmltdrfs jf oudrrf, pmr gdltrfrsd dl ulf `ltdorfg`÷l rdfj, y pmr efgdr pms`kjdul nulcm ndamr, qud lm ds pmgf gmsf, dl t`drrfs cmlcd sdc`sputfrml oudrrfs cd g`dl föms, oudrrfs lfpmjd÷l`gfs ycms gmlbj`gtms nulc`fjds.

Lfc`d gmnm jms efk`tfltds cd jf gujtf Durmpf t`dldl k`dl c`spfrfr jfs fjfrnfs, y sfgfr cd jfs fgàn`jfs tmcm djfrsdlfj cd qud c`spmld jf g`v`j`zfg`÷l pfrf dv`tfr jms gmbj`gtms, m cdsdsgfjfrjms, jfs dstfcîst`gfs efkjfl dl bfvcd jf pfz.

Cml Amsà Mrtdof y Ofssdt cdgîf qud Durmpf drf ul vcd fkdafs, y pfrdgd sdr qud fsî ds. Gufjqu`drf cd jms n`jjmlds cd pdrsmlfs qud v`vdl dl sus brmltdrfs, ds ul 2 pmr g`dltm durmpdm, y ulf `lb`nf pfrtd, nflt`dld îlbujlfg`mlfjds, gmnm pmr dadnpjm, jms gftfjflds.

Fulqud jms lfg`mlfj`snms d `ltdrlfg`mlfj`snms, ñjt`nf-ndltd rdpuafl dl jfs brmltdrfs cd jf Tl`÷l, smkrd tmcm d

mjît`gfmjît`gf

;;


23/42

Eulorîf, Ymjml`f, Brflg`f y Dspföf, jm g`drtm ds qud jfcdnmgrfg`f y jms cdrdgems eunflms efl tmnfcm gudrpm,fjjî, cmlcd ulf vdz sd `npusm jf cmgtr`lf cd jms emrlmsgrdnftmr`ms, m jms oujfos .

Gjfrm, s`dnprd cdkd dstfr Durmpf ftdltf, yfjm cà`nms, cd jfs c`v`s`mlds sdgtfr`fs cd pfr-

t`cms gmnm Ymcdnms, cd Yfkjm @ojds`f, m djBrdltd Lfg`mlfj Brflgàs, cd Adfl Nfr`d JdYdl, pmrqud pfrfbrfsdflcm ludvfndltd fjb`j÷smbm dspfömj, Mrtdof y Ofssdt, jfs gmsfspudcdl cdsefgdrsd, y pudcdl omjpdfr cdkrugds tfltm sfgr`b`g`m.

Dsm ds mb`g`m cd jms pmjît`gms, pdrm tfnk`àl cd jms gùcf-cflms, gmlstru`r cdnmgrfg`fs s÷j`cfs, gml kfsds rdfjds dldj t`dnpm, y dl dj dspfg`m bîs`gm cdj gmlt`ldltd qud ulfvdz budrf t`drrf frrfsfcf, y qud cdscd efgd ul t`dnpm fgæ,gmlbj`gtms dxtdrlms fndlfzfl su `ltdor`cfc, gmnm jmsftdltfcms f Gefrj`d Edkcm, y jms ftfquds f Yfrîs, gml susdgudjf cd vîgt`nfs.

Sfnk`àl ds prdmgupfltd jf mjdfcf cd rdbuo`fcms qud efltrfspfsfcm jfs brmltdrfs pmr dj jfcm cd Ordg`f, Eulorîf,Fustr`f, m pmr nfr, efg`f Dspföf, m @tfj`f, y qud pudcdlgmlvdrt`rsd dl ulf budltd cd gmlbj`gtms `ltdrlms, m dl gà-

jujfs tdrrmr`stfs dl dspdrf cd ul nmndltm prmp`g`m pfrfgmndtdr fgtms tdrrmr`stfs.

Sfnk`àl ds ulf mpmrtul`cfc, lms rdbdr`nms f jms rdbuo`f-cms, pfrf cdnmstrfr qud jf `ltdorfg`÷l ds budltd cd cdrd-gem, cd aust`g`f y cd eunfl`cfc. Dj nfldam qud sd jd cdlf dsfs mjdfcfs cd efnkr`dltms qud euydl cd jfs oudrrfsdl W`r`f, J`k`f, m Sñldz, cd jf Edrnflcfc Nusujnflf dlDo`ptm, m cdj rào`ndl cd jms Fyftmjfs dl @ræl, sml ulfg`gftd pfrf tmcms jms cdnæs pudkjms cdj nulcm.

Vu`s`àrfnms vdr cd òufj nmcm, ul gmnprmn`sm durmpdm

gml jms Cdrdgems Eunflms dl Gukf, efstf femrf sd efkjfcd ul Fgudrcm Nfrgm, cd jf prmnmg`÷l y prmtdgg`÷l cddstms cdrdgems pmr pfrtd cdj rào`ndl cd jf @sjf, pdrm lmgmlmgdnms jf emaf cd rutf qud sd vf f `npjdndltfr pmr pfrtd cd jf c`pjmnfg`f cd Krusdjfs.

Fj pfrdgdr, jfs gmlvdrsfg`mlds smkrd jms Cdrdgems Eunf-lms, vfl f sdou`r dl p`d, puds fulqud ds e`st÷r`gm djfgudrcm, lm sd vd pmr l`loulf pfrtd ulf ndamrîf cd jfs`tufg`÷l cd jms mpms`tmrds lm v`mjdltms dl Gukf. Sfnpm-gm sd efkjf lfcf smkrd jf rft`b`gfg`÷l pmr pfrtd cd Jf Ef-

kflf cd jms cms Yfgtms cd Cdrdgems, ds cdg`r, YmjîtG`v`jds, y Dgml÷n`gms, Gujturfjds y Jfkmrfjds.

L` sd c`gd s` ul rdprdsdltfltd cdj Fjtm Gmn`s`mlfcm Lfg`mlds Tl`cfs pfrf jms Cdrdgems Eunflms, v`s`tfræ @sjf, s` jf mb`g`lf cd jf Fjtf [dprdsdltfltd cd jf Tl`÷lDurmpdf pfrf Fsultms Dxtdr`mrds y Ymjît`gf cd Wdoy R`gdprds`cdltf cd jf Gmn`s`÷l Durmpdf, bmrnfj`z

ulf mb`g`lf pfrf tfjds ndldstdrds dl Jf Efkflf.

Fj pfrdgdr, efkræ qud dspdrfr pmr jfs lmt`g`fs fjjdlcdnfr, gmnm dl jms t`dnpms cd jf Gmrmlf, guflcm jms etfltds cd jf Nfymr cd jfs Flt`jjfs rdg`kîfnms jfs ludvfssmkrd dj R`dam Gmlt`ldltd, ndsds cdspuàs cd jms fgmg`n`dltms.

Yfrf fjom tfl grug`fj gmnm ds dj tdnf cd jms CdrdgEunflms, cd jms prdsms pmjît`gms dl jfs droæstujfs tr`stfs, lm sd pudcd dspdrfr f qud dj Omk`drlm guksfqud f rdjug`r su prmorfnf, ds cfkjd y ldgdsfr`m qud

mpms`g`÷l c`fjmoud cd tñ f tñ, qud sd jd vdf dj rmstrm pdrsmlfs qud nflt`dldl dl fjtm jfs kflcdrfs cd jf cdnm-grfg`f.

Ds `lc`spdlsfkjd qud jms mpms`tmrds lm v`mjdltms, b pfrtd cd jfs gmlvdrsfg`mlds, m qud sd fkrf ulf ndsf cc`fjmom gml jf Tl`÷l Durmpdf, lm pudcd pfsfr qud Krusdjfs, m dl Jf Efkflf, jms pmjît`gms cd fnkfs còl`cfcds sd s`dltdl f efkjfr smkrd dj cdst`lm cd jf cdnmgrg`f y jms Cdrdgems Eunflms, s`l jf prdsdlg`f cd qu`dldofrflt`zfl jf sfjvfoufrcf cd jms n`snms.

Dsms mpms`tmrds qud curfltd föms efl dlbrdltfcm djnul`snm dl jf @sjf, dl dj dxtdr`mr, y qud efl pfofcm gmsu v`cf, m su j`kdrtfc.

pmjît`gfpmjît`gf

;7

Amsà [fñj [MC[ÎOTDQ [flodj . Orfcufcmgmnm Cmgtmr dl Ndc`g`lf dl dj gursm jdgt`vm 6007 -6003, dl jfTl`vdrs`cfc cd G`dlg`fs Nàc`gfs cd R`jjf Gjfrf ‚Cr. Wdrfbîl

[u`z cd Qfrftd [u`z„. Fltds cd orfcufrsd gmjfkmr÷ cdscd dj

föm 6007, gml dj Ydr`mc`stf @lcdpdlc`dltd cd Gukfldt dlG`dlbudoms Wulsdt Lmoudrfs [mbd. F pfrt`r cdj föm 6002, bmr-

n÷ pfrtd cdj Gmjdo`m Nàc`gm @lcdpdlc`dltd cd Gukf, dl Jfs

R`jjfs, dlgfkdzfcm pmr dj Cr. Nfrgdjm Gflm [mcrîoudz. Ef ds-

gr`tm pfrf jf rdv`stf ‚Rò`j`f„, cd jf gufj bud dc`tmr. Bud ulm cd

jms bulcfcmrds cdj Yfrt`cm J`kdrfj cd Gukf, dl jf prmv`lg`f cd

G`dlbudoms y pfrt`g`p÷ dl jf Fsfnkjdf pfrf Yrmnmvdr jf Wmg`d-

cfc G`v`j, dl ;994, cmlcd rdsujt÷ djdgtm f su næx`nm ÷roflm

c`rdgt`vm. Wd cdsdnpdöf gmnm C`rdgtmr cdj sdnflfr`m Dj Gfr-

tdrm cdj BFLST. Lfg`÷ y rds`cd dl jf gùcfc cd G`dlbudoms.


24/42

Ymr1 [mjflcm Bdrrdr Dsp`lmsf

J`g. dl Cdrdgem.

WW d c`gd qud Foofyñ , dj cudöm cdj r`m, tuvm fnm-rds gmlPdnfyæ y cd djjms lfg`÷ Weflo÷ . YdrmqudPdnfyæ lm jm qu`sm, pmr jm qudMkftfjæ jmrdgmo`÷ y jm gr`÷ gmnm su prmp`m eàm. Fj rdgm-lmgdrjm gmnm eàm, cdg`c`÷ pmldrjd ul gmjjfr kjflgm y pulz÷. Yrdcàm qud sdrîf [dy dl dj nulcm y jd bfkr`g÷ ulgfst`jjm.Weflo÷ kfa÷ fj Gmlom y sd e`zm ul nugefge÷ltfl rdvmjtmsm, qud Nfcrd cd Fouf, Hfjulof , jm tuvm quddxpujsfr cd fjjî.

Dltmlgds Weflo÷ tmn÷ su tfkjdrm, su gfst`jjm y su p`j÷l,gml jms qud efkîf kfafcm cdj g`djm, y dnprdlc`÷ dj gf-n`lm cdj cds`drtm. Fsî, smjm, flcflcm y flcflcm, sd dl-gmltr÷ gmlMrujf , f qu`dl jd c`m dj tfkjdrm cd jf fc`v`lf-g`÷l, pmrqud sfkîf qud drf emnkrd cd rdspdtm y jm `kf f

gu`cfr.

Cd dstf nfldrf, Weflo÷ sd qudc÷ fc`v`lflcmgml gfrfgmjds y gmgm, cd b`dstf dl b`dstf,tflcm y kusgflcm krmlgfs. Judom sd gfs÷ g Mkkf , pdrm f jf n`snf vdz v`vîf bàm gml Myæ

y Mseñl . Myæ , gmnm sd sfkd, drf jf nuadr cd Mooñl , pdrm sd dlfnmr÷ cd Weflo÷ y sd cda÷

rmkfr pmr àj. Dstd rfptm cd Myæ c`m mròdl fulf oudrrf trdndlcf dltrd Weflo÷ y Mooñl .

djò`÷ldjò`÷l

;3


25/42

Dl g`drtf mgfs`÷lWeflo÷ tuvm qud dsgmlcdrsd cd susdldnòms, qud qudrîfl gmrtfrjd jf gfkdzf, y sd dsgmlc`÷dl jf gfsf cd Myæ. Myæ pfrf prmtdodrjm cd sus dldnòms,sd gmrt÷ sus trdlzfs y sd jfs pusm, jm v`st`÷ gml sus rmpfsy fcmrlms cd prdlcfs. GuflcmWeflo÷ sfj`÷ cd jf gfsf cd Myæ, sus dldnòms, nuy rdspdtumsms, grdydrml qud drf jfsfltf, jd fkr`drml pfsm y jd cdafrml dsgfpfr.

Sfnk`àl gudltfl, qud gmnmWeflo÷ pdjdfkf gmlstfltd-ndltd y lm tdlîf frnfs, Msf`l , qud drf su pfcr`lm, jd prdpfr÷ dj oú`rm gml sus `lordc`dltds sdgrdtms. Guflcm jmtmgfkf gml dj cdcm y sd jm jjdvfkf f jf kmgf, pmcîf dgefrgflcdjf pmr djjf. Gml dsm vdlgîf f sus dldnòms, qud gm-rrîfl fltd àj. Guflcm sd dsgugef trmlfr, sd c`gd qud ds pmrqud Weflo÷ flcf cd runkfltdjf gml sus nuadrds mqud gfkfjof pmr dj g`djm.

[dgdptægujm cd Weflo÷ 1

Kftdf cd nfcdrf gml tfpf, prdbdr`kjdndltd cd gdcrm, dgmjmrds rmam y kjflgm. Yudcd sdr cd ulf gmlstrugg`÷g`jjf m dl bmrnf cd gfst`jjm.

Ftr`kutms1

Efgef pdtfjm`cd, gmpf, dspfcf,fgedrà cd a`gmtdf, gfkfjjmnmrm, pflcdrdtf, efgef cd cmkjd b`jm m k`pdld, kflcrmaf kr`jjfltd, sd`smtflds y ul mseà, m sdf, ul gdtrm cdnfcdrf cd pfjnf y gdcrm qud tdrn`lf dl pultfs foucfs mdl bmrnf cd cmkjd efgef (Weflo÷ jm jjdvf smkrd jf gfkd-zf, gmnm sînkmjm cd su c`v`l`cfc). Sfnk`àl trds efgefsulf nfzf y ul fjbflad (dspfcf gurvf).

Gmjjfrds1

Gudltfs cd gmjmr rmam y kjflgm fjtdrlfcfs. Dj rmamsînkmjm cdj fnmr y cd jf sflord.

Wfjutfg`÷l1

Wd jd sfjucf, fgmstfcm dl dj sudjm kmgf fkfam y gm

nflms pdofcfs fj gudrpm. [mpf1

Wd jd v`std gml gfn`sf emjofcf, pfltfj÷l gmlfgem rm kdrndjj÷l. Dl mgfs`mlds usf pfltfj÷l gmrtm tdrn`lfcm d pultf. Jjdvf dj pdgem cdsguk`drtm gml ulf kflcf cdMk-kf gruzfcf, fulqud mtrfs vdgds jjdvf gefqudt`jjf cd gmjmrrmam gml j`stfs kjflgfs. Dl jf gfkdzf sd jd uk`gf ulf gmlf qud pudcd sdr dl bmrnf cd gfst`jjm.

Fl`nfjds qud gmnd1

Gfrldrm, ofjjm rmam, gmcmrl`z, a`gmtdf, ou`ldf, tmry tfnk`àl ofjjm (cd gmjmr afkfcms). Jd pdrtdldgdl dj kfjjm kjflgm, jfs mvdafs y dj gmrcdrm.

Fcc`nusds1

Yjætflm `lc`m, efr`lf y qu`nkmnk÷, fnfjæ , qud ds edgefgml efr`lf cd nfîz y gfrldrm.

Kf`jds1

Fj suk`rsd, dnk`std gml jf gfkdzf y cf trds vudjtfs cgfrldrm dl c`rdgg`÷l f jms tfnkmrds. Fkrd cdsndsurfcfndltd jms mams y sfgf jf jdlouf pfrf sòl`b`gfr qud jf t`ld cd budom. Fo`tf dl fjtm su efgef sforfcf (Mseà) y sfofrrf jms tdstîgujms gml jf nflm. L`loñlMr`sf cf kr`l-gms næs fjtms l` gmltmrg`mlds næs v`mjdltfs, l` bònæs dxtrföfs. Sfnk`àl, l`loñl mtrmMr`sf rdfj`zf dxtrf-vfoflg`fs gmnm jf cd gmndr gflcdjf. Wus kf`jds sml ourrdrms m dr÷t`gms. Dl jms oudrrdrms kjflcd dj efgef ld8 dl jms dr÷t`gms trftf cd fgdltufr su prdpmtdlg`f y d pjdf jfs næs grucfs dvmgfg`mlds sdxufjds.

Fpj`gfg`mlds cd jfs qud prmtdod1

rdjò`÷lrdjò`÷l

;4


26/42

djò`÷ldjò`÷l Vudnfcurfs y su`g`c`m pmr budom.

Nmltd(Dwd) qud jd pdrtdldgd1

Kjdcm pulz÷, flt`pmjf m `lmgm cd pfvm, vfrîf, pjftfl`jjmcd Gukf, zfrzfpfrr`jjf, pfrfîsm, æjfnm, amkm, ægflf, fouf-gftd, fjgflbmr, fjofrrmkm, fjnægòm, frfkm gmjmrfcm, kdau-gm gfrdy, , kdaugm gmjmrfcm, kdaugm tmrtuof, kàf, gfk`lf,gf`rdj, gfaudjf, gfjfjñ, gfnfouf, gfnkutdrf, g`nfrrmlf,gflcdj`jjf, gflut`jjm, gföf cd fzñgfr, gföf cd gmrm, gfmkf,gfrfnkmjî, gdkmjjf, gdcrm, gmrcmkæl, gmrmam, grdstf cdofjjm, gufkfrî m fnk`f, brfnkmyæl, bràmj`jjm, orflfcf,orflfc`jjm, oufgfnfyf gmjmrfcf, ouflm kjflgm, ouflm pr`dtm, oufyfk`jjm, amgunf, añgfrm krfvm m cd uöf, jfurdj,nfîz, nfndy, nfrfö÷l, n`rfouflm, mam cd kudy, pfjmfnfrom, pfjm kmnkf, pfjm gfkfjjdrm, pfjm gfge`nkf, pfjmgfaf, pfjm gmge`lm, pfjm ou`tfrrf, pfjm a`gmtdf, pfjm rmn- pdeudsm, p`ö÷l kmtàf, pjætflm, gmlfgî, qu`nkmnk÷, rmn- pdsfrfoudy, rmsfs cd Adr`g÷, rucf, sòufrfyf, t`k`sà, tmnf-td, vfgfkudy, yfkf, yfnkñ, yfrdy, yfyf, e`drkf cd WfltfKærkfrf y e`drvf a`gmtdf. Eàms1

Wml vmjultfr`msms, dlàro`gms, cd `ltdjòdlg`f cdsndc`cf,fjt`vms, y gmlsg`dltds cd su vfjmr. Smjdrfl jfs c`sgrdpfl-g`fs gml c`b`gujtfc y sml cfcms f v`mjdltms fggdsms cdg÷jdrf. Ydlcdlg`drms, b`dstdrms y j`kdrt`lms, sml vdrcfcd-rms dspdams cd nfge`snm.

Gftmj`zfg`÷l1

Wd s`lgrdt`zf gml Wfltf Kærkfrf. Dstf sfltf, ñl`gf eàf ul pfoflm cd gfrægtdr grudj, jjfnfcm C`÷sgmrm. Yfpfrtfrjf cd jms emnkrds qud jf gmc`g`fkfl, m pfrf nfltdldrjf fjdafcf cd jms gr`st`flms, jf dlgdrr÷ dl ulf tmrrGuflcm jf qu`sm gfsfr, jf amvdl sd ldo÷ pmrqud qudgmlsforfrsd f C`ms. Dstd pfcrd, fj gmlmgdr qud su eà

gr`st`flf, jf dltrdo÷ f jms tr`kulfjds. Jms audgds lm pucrml gmlsdou`r qud rdlulg`frf f su bd, gml froundltms gml tmrturfs, y jf gmlcdlfrml f nudrtd pmr cdoúdjjm.

Ymgm cdspuàs su pfcrd bud bujn`lfcm pmrfym. Wu `nfodl sudjd rdprdsdltfrsd gml udspfcf, sînkmjm cd vfjmr. Wu bus`÷l Weflo÷ rdsujtf ndlms smrprdlcdltd s` sd rd-

gudrcf qud dstdMr`sf , dl g`drtf mgfs`÷l sdtuvm qud c`sbrfzfr cd nuadr (Myæ ), qud usffrnfs, fulqud lm s`nk÷j`gfs, y qud ds dj C`mcdj rfym y dj trudlm, Wu cîf ds dj 3 cd cg`dnkrd.

rmjflcmbdIlfutf.gu

bdrrdcfj23Ionf`j.gmn N÷v`j1 +47 47594476.

;2

[mjflcm BD[[D[ Dsp`lmsf. J`gdlg`fcm dl Cd-rdgem pmr dj @lst`tutm Wupdr`mr cdj N`l`stdr`m cdj @ltdr`mr

‚Odldrfj cd Kròfcf Juîs Bdj`pd Cdl`s Cîfz„, dl dj föm 6002.

Dadrg`÷ gmnm Mb`g`fj Mpdrft`vm cd jf C`rdgg`÷l Odldrfj cd

Gmltrf @ltdjòdlg`f (COG@) dl R`jjf Gjfrf, cmlcd fjgflz÷ dj

orfcm cd Yr`ndr Sdl`dltd. Fj nfl`bdstfr gmltrfc`gg`mlds pmjî-t`gfs dl dsd mrofl`snm rdprds`vm sd jd c`m jf Kfaf pmr Gmlvd-

l`dlg`f cdj Wdrv`g`m. Fj `ltdltfr dnòrfr gjflcdst`lfndltd

efg`f Dstfcms Tl`cms cd Fnàr`gf bud sdgudstrfcm pmr dj om-

k`drlm gukflm gml jf gmnpj`g`cfc cd jfs futmr`cfcds cd Kfef-

nfs. Dl 6000 rdsujt÷ gmlcdlfcm 5 föms cd gærgdj pmr ul su-

pudstm cdj`tm cd [dvdjfg`÷l cd Wdgrdtms Gmlgdrl`dltds f jf

Wdour`cfc cdj Dstfcm. Fgtufjndltd dlgfkdzf jf Gmlsujtmrîf

Aurîc`gf Fjtdrlft`vf fj omk`drlm gfstr`stf ‚Jfs R`jjfs -Jdy„. Lf-g`÷ y rds`cd dl Wfltf Gjfrf, prmv`lg`f cd R`jjf Gjfrf.

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


27/42 ;?

Ymr1 Cfyfnî R`jjfv`gdlg`m Edrlælcdz

Dstuc`÷ efstf 6dr föm cd J`g. dl Gujturf Bîs`gf.

Wmg`fjWmg`fj

DD ll Wfltf Gjfrf ‚Jf Gùcfc cd Nfrtf Fkrdu cdDstàvdz„, Jf Kdldbfgtmrf, dx`stdl guftrm Em-ofrds cd Flg`flms, guftrm Fnkujftmr`ms, yulm, `lfuourfcm rdg`dltdndltd, pfrf jfs pdr-smlfs qud cdfnkujfl pmr jf gùcfc, jms dlbdrnms ndltf-

jds y ndlcòms.

Jms Emofrds Fnkujftmr`ms, sml pfrf qud jfs pdrsmlfs cdjf Sdrgdrf Dcfc, qud dstàl cdscd dj cdsfyulm, ?199 fn,efstf jf gmn`cf, 4199 pn. Jms fkudjms sml fpfrdltdndltd k`dl ftdlc`cms pmr dj pdrsmlfj fcn`l`strft`vm, fs`stdltd,dlbdrndrfs y nàc`gms. Ydrm dstm ds guflcm ds flulg`fcfulf v`s`tf cdj nul`g`p`m, prmv`lg`f m lfg`mlfj cdj N`l`s-tdr`m cd Wfjuc Yñkj`gf, cdj Yfrt`cm Gmnul`stf m cd jfFsfnkjdf cdj Ymcdr Ympujfr.

Dj Emofr 6, sd dlgudltrf dl jf Gfjjd Wfl Nòudj dltrd

R`rtucds y Fnpfrm, rdpfrtm [fñj Wflgem, su gmlstrug`÷l dstæ dl nfjfs gmlc`g`mlds, s`l p`lturf dxtdr`mr d tdr`mr, s`l nfltdl`n`dltm, gml sfj`cdrms cd foufs fjkföfjds dl jfs sfjfs cd dstflg`f, nfj ftdlg`÷l f jms pfg`dltds`ltdrlms, nfjf fj`ndltfg`÷l, lm jds cfl jms ndc`gfndltms

bfgujtft`vms, pfrf sfgfrjms y vdlcdrjms dl jf kmjsf ldoFcdnæs, sml nfjtrftfcms vdrkfj y bîs`gfndltd, s`l qudlfc`d `ltdrgdcf pmr jfs fgt`tucds cd jms fs`stdltds y dlbdndrfs.

Wd pudcd fordofr jf gmrrupg`÷l cd jf c`rdgg`÷l y pdrsqud t`dld qud vdr gml jms rdgursms fsòlfcms pfrf jmg`flms (gfrld rmaf, pmjjm, ymourt, jdged, edjfcm), rdgursms jms flg`flms lm jms rdg`kdl. Jfs guftrm sdstæl gmnpudstfs cd ;5 flg`flms gfcf ulf, f jms fs`stdl-tds ut`j`zfl c`fr`m, smjm guftrm afkmlds pfrf dj kföm c


28/42

Cfyfnî R@JJFR@GDLG@M Edrlælcdz.Cds-cd su l`ödz sd cdstfg÷ gmnm cdpmrt`stf y prfgt`g÷ smbtkmj y

kà`skmj efstf jf fcmjdsgdlg`f. Jjdo÷ f `ltdorfr jf Wdjdgg`÷l

Yrmv`lg`fj cd Kà`skmj cd jf prmv`lg`f R`jjf Gjfrf. Sfnk`àl dstu-

c`÷ efstf dj pr`ndr föm cd jf J`gdlg`fturf dl Gujturf Bîs`gf y

Cdpmrtds dl jf Tl`vdrs`cfc cdj Cdpmrtd cd R`jjf Gjfrf ‚Nfludj

Bfafrcm„, dl dj Gursm Jdgt`vm ;994 -;992. Suvm qud fkflcmlfrsu gfrrdrf ul`vdrs`tfr`f pmr prmkjdnfs pdrsmlfjds. Lfg`÷ y

rds`cd fgtufjndltd dl Wfltf Gjfrf.

Wmg`fjWmg`fj ;5, ul brfsgm cd fouf gmjml`f, ulm cd tfjgm, ul pmnm cd pdrbunds, qud lm sd gmrrdspmlcdl gml jms rdgursms smlfsòlfcms.

Efgd 69 föms ftræs, jf Tl`÷l Durmpdf, y dspdgîb`gfndltdvfr`ms `tfj`flms, cmlfrml c`ldrm, pfrf jf rdpfrfg`÷l gfp`-tfj cdj Fs`jm cd jms Flg`flms @, fcdnæs cmlfrml gmjgefscd brîm, gmjgemlds cd dspunf, rmpfs y fsdms f jms fkud-

jms, gfs` lfcf jds jjdo÷ f djjms, `lgjusm tdjdv`smrds, dqu`- pms cd v`cdm y fuc`m, qud sd cdsfpfrdg`drml tmnflcmrunkms cdsgmlmg`cms. Jf adbf cd dlbdrndrîf cd jf Wfjf cd@npdc`cms, jjfnfcf Nfr`djf y jf fltòuf c`rdgtmrf, sfkdlnuy k`dl dj cdst`lm cd dstfs cmlfg`mlds.

Tl dadnpjm cdj rmkm f jms flg`flms bud jf sd-ömrf Orfg`djf, jf kfrkdrf cd dstd gdltrm, n`-j`tfltd cdj Yfrt`cm Gmnul`stf cd Gukf, gm-

krfkf jfs gedqudrfs f 69 v`da`tms, f jms qudsmjm jds trfîf fjoulf ndr`dlcf, cd vdz dlguflcm, gmnm f Ydcrm J`lfrds, yf bfjjdg`cm.

Emofr ;, sd uk`gf dl jf gfrrdtdrf fj Yudstm cd Nflcm cdjf For`gujturf, y Gfrrdtdrf f Gfnfauflî, hn 3, gmnul`-cfc ‚Dj Oòfltd„, su gmlstrugg`÷l ds cd t`pm Orfl Yfldj,gml næs cd 79 föms gmlstru`cm. Fquî sugdcd jf gmrrup-g`÷l oukdrlfndltfj, jm n`snm qud dl dj fltdr`mr Emofrcdsgr`tm, fulqud dstd Emofr ds pfrf jms bfn`j`frds y fn`-

oms cd jms c`ròdltds oukdrlfndltfjds. Jfs cmlfg`mldslulgf jd jjdofl f jms flg`flms.

Emofr 7, uk`gfcm dl jf gfjjd Gmj÷l b`lfj, [dpfrtm Cmnîl-oudz, fquî dstuvm jf Dsgudjf cd Dlbdrndrîf, rdpfrfcmrdg`dltdndltd supdrb`g`fjndltd, puds jms rdgursms budrmlcdsv`fcms pfrf mtrms b`lds, pmr jf c`rdgg`÷l cdj gdltrm. Jfgmrrupg`÷l, jms nfjms trftms vdrkfjds y bîs`gms, jf eò`dldy tmcfs jfs gfjfn`cfcds dstæl prdsdltds.

Emofr 3, Ds Tl`cfc Nmcdjm, s`tm dl jf gfjjd @lcdpdlcdl-g`f dltrd Nfgdm y Tl`÷l, dl dj gdltrm cd jf gùcfc. Fquî

sml jjdvfcms jms tur`stfs dxtrfladrms, qud vfl cd pfsm,cdscd dj gdltrm efg`f dj Nmlundltm fj Srdl Kj`lcfcm.Ydrm tmcf jf gmrrupg`÷l cdsgr`tf dl tmcms jms emofrds fl-tdr`mrds, sugdcd tfnk`àl dl dstd Gdltrm Nmcdjm, s`l qudjfs futmr`cfcds oukdrlfndltfjds y cd jf Wfjuc Yñkj`gf,còfl m fgtñdl dl gmltrf cdj rmkm f jms flg`flms.

Dl jf kmjsf ldorf sd gmndrg`fj`zf tmcms jms prmcugtmsfj`ndlt`g`ms, rmpf, zfpftms, fsdms pdrsmlfjds, gmjgefs cdbr`m, rmkfcms f jms fkudjms. Jfs futmr`cfcds pmj`g`fjds,oukdrlfndltfjds y cd jf sfjuc, sd gruzfl cd krfzm y gf-

jjfl fltd dj gr`ndl. Ds sfk`cm pmr tmcms jms gukflms c p`d, qud jfs cmlfg`mlds cd dxtrfladrms, s` lm v`dldl f pdrv`sfr, lm jd jjdofl f jms v`da`tms.

Fj pfrdgdr sd mjv`c÷ jm qud sugdc`÷ dl c`g`dnkrd ;990, dl dj Emsp`tfj Ys`qu`ætr`gm cd Jf Efkflf, qud cd- k`cm f jf gmrrupg`÷l dl orfl dsgfjf, nur`drml cd efnkrdy br`m 63 dlbdrnms ndltfjds. Budrml sdltdlg`fcms, fs

tdltds, dlbdrndrfs, adbds cd turlms, fjnfgdldrms, y jvdrcfcdrms rdspmlsfkjds, budrml fksudjtms, m nflcfcmgunpj`r N`s`÷l @ltdrlfg`mlfj`stf.

Dj Omk`drlm gukflm ds pfrt`g`pd cd jf gmrrupg`÷l, pmdl tmcms jms jmgfjds cmlcd sd ft`dlcd dstfs pdrsmlfs cSdrgdrf Dcfc, y f jms dlbdrnms ndltfjds, adbds, trfkfacmrds smg`fjds, dlbdrndrfs, fjnfgdldrms, y tmcms jmst`dld qud vdr c`rdgtm gml jfs cmlfg`mlds, jms cdsvîfl Kmjsf Ldorf, y lm jd jjdof f jms qud vdrcfcdrfndltd jmldgds`tfl.

Jms fj`ndltms, fsdms pdrsmlfjds, rmpfs y tmcfs jfs cmg`mlds, lulgf jjdofl f nflms cd dstms flg`flms pmrqugmnm sml cdndltds, y dl jf nfymrîf cd jms gfsms jmsn`j`frds, sfjdl cdj fkudj`tm dlv`ælcmjms pfrf dj fs`jm,mjv`cfl cd djjms. Cmlcd dstæl rmcdfcms cd vdrcfcd ku`trds, y tmcf dstf græpujf sd fprmvdgef cd jf s`tufg pfrf rmkfrjds, omjpdfrjms nfjtrftfrjms tmrturfrjms, psml kföfcms gml fouf brîf.

Guflcm ñl`gms sml k`dl ftdlc`cms ds guflcm v`dld v`scdj omk`drlm y gmnm sd fv`sf, jms kföfl, jds cfl gmrgcd brîm, sfkflfs ludvfs, jms pdrbunfl, jds pmldl zfpftmludvms, kftf cd gfsfs ludvfs y p`yfnfs, kudlf fj`ndltf-g`÷l, pdrm guflcm dstfs pdrsmlfs cfl jf dspfcf, jms cdnfltdjfl y vudjvd f jf tmrturf. Dstm mgurrd dl Gukf, pmqud lm tmcms jms gùcfcflms sml òufjds y lm sml trftgmnm t`dld qud sdr.

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29/42

Dstuc`÷ efstf 3tmföm J`g. dl Gujturf Bîs`gf.

DD stdstd pdqudöm pdrm s`lgdrm emndlfad ds f Mr-jflcm Ge`ldf Yfrdt, fnòm, edrnflm, kudleàm, edrnflm cd jugef d `cdfs, qud lm gjfuc`-g÷ fltd jfs fndlfzfs cd nudrtd, y fgmsm cdqud bud mkadtm, pmr jf Ymj`gîf Ymjît`gf, guflcm v`vîf dl suYftr`f Ge`gf, dj rdpfrtm Kdlomgedf.

Jflcy, gmnm jd c`gd ludstrm fnòm Amrod [`vd`rf[mcrîoudz, gfr`ömsfndltd gmlmg`cm pmr ‚Ge`qu`gefgf„.Àstd s`dnprd ds rdgmrcfcm pmr Ge`ldf, pmrqud dl ulfWdr`d Yrmv`lg`fj cd Kà`skmj cd R`jjf Gjfrf, dstuvm p`ged-flcm gmltrf su edrnflm Amsà [`vd`rf, curfltd ;9 `ll`lo,Ge`qu`gefgf, jflzfkf pmr Yjfgdtfs y Amsà pmr Wfltf Gjfrf.[`vd`rf bud ulm cd jms ndamrds jflzfcmrds zurcms cdj pfîs. Amrod, smjm bud f dltrdlfn`dltms cdj R`jjf Gjfrf, lme`zm dj orfcm pfrf dj `ltdorfr dj dqu`pm f sdr`ds lfg`ml-fjds, lm pmr su gfj`cfc, s`lm pmr su bmrnf cd v`cf, jf cd

`lodr`r kdk`cfs fjgme÷j`gfs dl cdnfsîfs, prdb`r`÷ v`v`r flm mkstfltd ds ul orfl fnòm.

Ge`ldf, dstæ gmls`cdrfcm gmnm dj ndamr dltrdlfcm p`tgedrs cd Gukf, dl tmcms jms t`dnpms, aultm f YYàrdz Cdjofcm, fulqud dj rào`ndl tmtfj`tfr`m cd jms

nflms Gfstrm, jm mkv`f, pmr dlgmltrfrsd dx`j`fcm cnfym cd ;994. Lulgf ef tdl`cm qud vdr gml jfs eu`cfs cdjms pdjmtdrms gukflms, l` jf cd rdgmodrjms, àj smjm f jms qud jds smj`g`tf fyucf y dlsdöflzfs, pmrqud tfjdl pmsdd cd smkrf, s`dnprd gml nugefs oflfs cd trfkfafr. Dul dstuc`msm y gmlmgdcmr `lgflsfkjd cdj kà`skmj cd jfs jft`tucds. Wmkrd dj p`tgedm, jms p`tgedrs y sus nàtds nuy c`bîg`j cd supdrfr dl dj nulcm kd`skmjdrm fgtuf

Fulqud lm sd efkjf pñkj`gfndltd dl jms ndc`ms gdlsurf-cms gukflms, jms gmlmgdcmrds cdj Kà`skmj Gukflm

cdpmrtdcdpmrtd

;0

Ymr1 Amrod Ju`s Frt`jds Nmlt`dj ‚Kdkm„


30/42

cdpmrtdcdpmrtd p`tgedm, efkjfl cdj Yrmbdsmr Ge`ldf. Efl pfsfcm vfr`fsodldrfg`mlds cd jflzfcmrds, y sus nàtmcms sòudl fquî,gmnm dlsdöflzf, pdrm gml mtrm lmnkrd. Guflcm sd c`gdqud jms p`tgedrs gukflms qud dstæl cdsgmlgdltrfcms, dljms dvdltms `ltdrlfg`mlfjds, jds bfjtf jfs dlsdöflzfs cd ul kudl dltrdlfcmr.

Ge`ldf, bud djdo`cm gmnm dj Ndamr Dltrdlfcmr cd Y`tge-drs cdj Nulcm dl dj ;967. Dl dstd n`snm föm, bud dx-fjtfcm fj Wfj÷l cd jf Bfnf cdj Kà`skmj cd Gdltrmfnàr`gfy dj Gfr`kd, gmnm Dltrdlfcmr cd Y`tgedrs, rfc`gf dl WflAufl cd Yudrtm [`gm.

[ds`cd cdscd qud sfj`÷ `jdofjndltd cd Gukf dl Sfnpf,Bjmr`cf, cmlcd trfkfaf gml jms Sfjdltms y Yrmspdgtms dlulf Fgfcdn`f cd Kà`skmj cd jfs Nfamr Jdfoud Kfsdkfjj(NJK). Gml næs cd 49 fjunlms qud efl auofcm m audofldl jfs Jòfs Nfymrds y Jòfs Ndlmrds.

Bud vîgt`nf cd fgmsm pmr pfrtd cd jf Ymj`gîf Ymjît`gf,cdspuàs cd sdr dxpujsfcm cdj s`stdnf cdpmrt`vm gukflm, pmr `ltròfs pmjît`gfs y ndlt`rfs, dl dj 600?, s`dlcm djDltrdlfcmr cd Y`tgedrs cd jf Wdjdgg`÷l Lfg`mlfj cd Gukf.Pf efkîf dstfcm gmnm dltrdlfcmr cd p`tgedrs gml jms O`-ofltds cd Punùr` dl jfs Orflcds Jòfs cd Kà`skmj cd

Afp÷l (OJKA), bud dj pr`ndr dltrdlfcmr gukflm cd p`tge-dm, qud pfrt`g`pf dl tfl dxòdltd Jòf.

Yuds guflcm jf Gmpf @ltdrgmlt`ldltfj cd Jf Efkflf600?, dstuvm dl gmlvdrsfg`mlds pr`vfcfs, dl ulf efk-`tfg`÷l cdj emtdj Efkflf J`krd, gml ulm cd jms orflcds auofcmrds cd jfs Nfamr Jdfoud Kfsdkfjj (NJK), EflFhrml, @lv`tfcm cd Emlmr pmr jf Bdcdrfg`÷l Gukflf cdKà`skmj (BGK). Jf n`snf qud cdspuàs dxpujsf f Ge`ldf,y jm fgusf cd `lcug`r f jms pdjmtdrms gukflms qud kr`lgf-rfl fj prmbds`mlfj`snm. Efl, ds dj sdoulcm nfymr

prmcugtmr cd emnd rul dl jfs Orflcds Jòfs dstfcmul`cdlsds y dj tdrgdrm cdj nulcm, sd dlgudltrf dl dWfj÷l cd jf Bfnf cd Gmmpdrtmlo.

Fquî bud fgusfcm cd c`vdrs`ml`snm `cdmj÷o`gm, s`l j÷y nmt`vms, pmr jfs futmr`cfcds oukdrlfndltfjds, cdpmrvfs, dj pdr`÷c`gm Orflnf, ÷roflm mb`g`fj cdj Yfrt`cm nul`stf cd Gukf, fcdnæs, pmr [flcy ‚Gfrf cd Y`öf„

Fjmlsm, dl dj prmorfnf cd jf tdjdv`s`÷l gukflf, Ndsf[dcmlcf, cd prmnmvdr jfs sfj`cfs cd jms pdjmtdrgukflms pfrf auofr dl jfs NJK. Gfsm qud bud ulf brfofltd ndlt`rf, y c`m p`ds pfrf dj`n`lfr f fqudj dqu`pm cd kà`skmj, dj R`jjf Gjfrf ‚Jf Nfqu`lfr`f Lfrflaf„ cdj nfl-fodr Ydcrm Amvf Yàrdz, dj gufj dstd gjuk drf næs bfqud jms ‚Pflhdds cd Ludvf Pmrh„.

Mrjflc`tm, gmnm drf jjfnfcm pmr bfn`j`frds y fnòîlt`nms, lfg`÷ dj ;? cd bdkrdrm cd 6045, dl jf gfjjd 3dltrd Wfl Gr`st÷kfj y Jîldf cdj Bdrrmgfrr`j, [dpfrtm, Kdomgedf, Wfltf Gjfrf, cdtræs cdj afrcîl `zqu`drcm cdj Dc`m cd ‚Jms Nfr`stfs„, emy dstfc`m ;2 cd Auj`m. Wucrds nuy fnòms cd n`s bfn`j`frds, y ulf cd jfs pmgfsbfn`j`fs qud v`s`tfkf f jf gfsf cd n`s fkudjms nftdrlms, pmrqud n` tîm, Dcdj Nmlt`dj Jmrdlzm, gmnflcfltd cd Oudrr`jjfs Gfnpds`lfs Flt`gmnul`stfs dl jfs nmltföfscdj Dsgfnkrfy, dl jf fltòuf prmv`lg`f cd Jfs R`jjfs,gmltrf B`cdj Gfstrm, v`vîf dl dsf gfsf y drf prme`k`v`s`tfr jf v`v`dlcf cd Jfurdflm Nmlt`dj Cîfz y Cdj`f Jmrdlzm [fnms.

Djjms fpmyfkfl f n`s fkudjms y f n` tîm Dccy Nmlt`

Jmrdlzm, `lgjusm auofkfl cmn`l÷, y dj v`dam MrjfGe`ldf, dl Yfz Cdsgflsd, y su qudr`cf dspmsf Lflgy,vdlîfl f jf gfsf f tmnfr dj gfbà cdj ndc`mcîf, gmnprfkfldl jf kmcdof cd n` fkudjm fcaultf f jf gfsf, qud bud gmb`sgfcf pmr jf ‚rdvmjug`÷l„,. Fcdnæs, dstf bfn`jGe`ldf, lm pdrn`tîf qud efkjfrfl nfj cd jms Nmlt`dj. Wu pfcrd dj v`dam Ge`ldf, bud ul dxprdsm pmjît`gm, y ulgmnul`stf fgàrr`nm, dj gufj nur`÷ dl dj dx`j`m efgd ulmföms.

W`dnprd jd oust÷ dj kà`skmj, auofkf jms afrc`lds, pr` kfsd y p`gedfkf, pfrt`g`p÷ dl vfr`ms tmrldms lfg`mlf`lbflt`jds, dsgmjfrds y auvdl`jds, dl @ltdr -DYDB y mtrmlm auo÷ pdjmtf dl sdr`ds lfg`mlfjds, puds jd `ltdrds÷ ndstuc`fr, pfrf cdspuàs dlsdöfr, qud sdou`r auoælcmjf. W pr`ndr dltrdlfcmr bud [dld cd jms Wfltms NfgefcKfloudjf, qu`dl dl dstms nmndltms sd dlgudltrf fkfl-cmlfcm pmr jfs futmr`cfcds cdpmrt`vfs y oukdrlfndtfjds.

Ge`ldf, bulc÷ jf Fgfcdn`f cd Y`tgedm cd R`jjf Gjfrf aultm f Ydcrm Yàrdz Cdjofcm ‚Ydcr`tm„, Amsà [`vdjflcm Frrmlcd Dstfkjd ‚L`öm Yr`dtm„ y dj Yrmbdsmr

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lmrtdfndr`gflms. Jms sfjfr`ms ds nuy c`bîg`j cd cdtdrnlfr.

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Gjfrf dl Wdr`ds Lfg`mlfjds y Jfs R`jjfs dl Wdjdgt`vfs cd Kà`skmj,

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L`gfrfouf, ulf gml [dpñkj`gf Cmn`l`gflf, cms gml Yflfnæ y

mtrf gml @tfj`f. Dxprdsm Ymjît`gm dl guftrm mgfs`mlds, Mpms`tmr

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Lfg`÷ y rds`cd dl Wfltf Gjfrf, R`jjf Gjfrf.


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