review paper on wind power generation - ijmcs filereview paper on wind power generation jaswinder...

International Journal of Modern Computer Science (IJMCS) ISSN: 2320-7868 (Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, June, 2015

RES Publication © 2012 Page | 94 http://ijmcs.info

Review Paper on Wind power generation

Jaswinder Singh M.E (E.E)

Chandigarh University, Gharuan

Mohali, India

E-mail: [email protected]

Sunny Vig Assistant professor, EEE department

Chandigarh University, Gharuan

Mohali, India

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The wind power technology is highly developed in many countries in recent years. Manny types of research field in modern power

system such as a wind speed prediction, modelling of wind generator, stability of system are emphasized with the consideration of wind power.

Due to the increasing the penetration level in power system, the different researcher use the different method for maintaining the stability of

system. The wind power is a energy source which is variable in nature. The output of wind power plant effects the grid operation. Because the

wind is not constant all time in day. This paper is review on wind power generation and controllers which improve the voltage profile of system

and make the system more stable.

Keywords: parallel and series compensation, PV and PQ curves and FACTS device.

I. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the size of the size of wind turbines and wind

farms is increased vary widely. Due to this the large amount of

wind power is generated. But in wind power generation some

factor affects the performance of wind power. These factors are

voltage sag, voltage swell and harmonic generation. But the

researcher used the different controller for reduce these all

unwanted signals. In wind power generation system, basically

induction generator is used because the induction machine

consumes reactive power. The synchronous generator is also

used for wind power generation. The wind power generation is

double in every year in china. Because due to the limitation of

fossil foils and enviourement issues. The wind power

generation is pollution and carbon free energy. This paper is

review on series and parallel compensation and voltage

instability is also discussed. In this paper we discussed about

the different controllers which improve the system

performance.

II. LITTIRATURE SURVEY

For voltage stability, the second generation fact device are

used which compensates and balance the power flow in lines.

The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used for

controlling the power in lines. The interline power flow

controller consist a voltage source converter based facts

controller for series compensation. The reactive voltage

injected by individual voltage source converter can be

controlled to regulate the active power flow in the line. In this

system 4-Bus system is present. The open and closed loop

model is developed and used for simulation [4]. For

controlling the power in line, the IPFC is developed using

series coupling transformer and comparison of active and

reactive power of transmission line with and without IPFC is

presented using the proposed circuit model. In this model SSSC

is used .One on each line of two lines. MATLAB with simulink

and SIM POWER SYSTEM tools are used for simulation of

transmission line. The IPFC is open loop and closed loop

configuration [5]. The interline power flow controller is a

voltage source converter based flexible ac transmission system

controller for series compensation with unique capability of

power flow management among the multiline transmission

system of a substation.

In this system, for voltage stability, the second generation

fact device are used which compensates and balance the power

flow in multiline. The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is

used for controlling the power in lines. The interline power

flow controller consist a voltage source converter based facts

controller for series compensation. The reactive voltage

injected by individual voltage source converter can be

controlled to regulate the active power flow in the line. In this

system 4-Bus system is present. The open and closed loop

model is developed and used for simulation [4]. For

controlling the power in line, the IPFC is developed using

series coupling transformer and comparison of active and

reactive power of transmission line with and without IPFC is

presented using the proposed circuit model. In this model SSSC

is used .One on each line of two lines. MATLAB with simulink

and SIM POWER SYSTEM tools are used for simulation of

transmission line. The IPFC is open loop and closed loop

configuration [5].

III.FACTS DEVICES FOR WIND POWER STABILITY

Facts are standing for flexible AC transmissions system. The

philosophy of facts devices is use a power electronic equipment

to control the power flow in multiline. The facts devices are

basically two types. One is first generation facts device which

are static var compensator (SVC), STATCOM. The second

generation facts devices is unified power flow controller



(UPFC), interline power flow controller (IPFC), static

synchronous series compensator (SSSC). When we compare

the performance of first and second generation facts devices,

the second generation facts devices give the better performance

as compare to first generation because they control the power

in multiline. In figure no.1 shows the summary of different

controllers.

Figure1. Summary of Different fact controller [2]

The unified power flow controller controls the phase angle

and transmission line impedance. The unified power flow

controller connected to line through coupling transformer. The

interline power flow controller is also similar to unified power

flow controller but the difference is in unified power flow

controller is shunt-series controller. But the interline power

flow controller is series-series controller. The voltage source

converter in unified power flow controller STATCOM and

SSSC. But in the interline power flow controller, both voltage

source converter work as a static synchronous series

compensator.

IV. WIND POWER PLANT VOLTAGE STABILITY

EVALUATION

The voltage stability is the ability of power system to

maintain the voltage within acceptable limit after being

subjected to disturbance from the giving initial conditions.

Basically the voltage stability is the ability of power system to

maintain the equilibrium between the supply and load demand.

When the voltage is suddenly rise and fall in some buses then

this is called voltage instability. When the load is suddenly

loosed or the transmission line is suddenly tripped. Then the

voltage is suddenly increase due to this the line equipment are

damaged. Basically the voltage stability is varying during the

event; this can be short term (< 1 minute) and some time it may

be evolve during many hours.

V. PV AND VQ CAPABILITY CURVE

When we measure the rated operating conditions of wind

power plant to the voltage collapse, then we conduct the PV

capability curves. In large systems, the output power of group

of generators is varied; the other generator is reduced by the

same amount of power to develop zero additional power.

Basically the wind power plant is generally operated from low

wind speed to high wind speed with a pair of P&Q from the PQ

characteristics. Mostly winds turbines are built with the

capability of vary the reactive power. The PV curve which is

shown in fig.2 and fig.3 show the reactive power comparison at

infinite buses. .For this curve, we use a single turbine. The

double-fed induction generator 1.5 MW rating used and power

factor is 1.0.The total output power is 204 MW. The VQ

capability curve is normally used to determine the reactive

power adequacy. For positive sequence load flow, we observe

three conditions.

1. In first conditions, both parallel lines connecting with

infinite bus and online substation transformer.

2. The stiff power system network with reduction of infinite

bus voltage by 4%.

3. In third conditions, we remove online parallel lines and

substation transformer.

When we increase the generation from 50% to 100%, the

load flow does not converge. The voltage collapse is indicating

only when the system reaches the instability conditions.

VI. IMPACT ON THE VOLTAGE MAGNITUDE

When we vary the active and reactive power output of wind

power plant magnitude and phase angle is changed as the real

and reactive power generation varies. The voltage is maintained

in the range of (0.95 p.u.< v < 1.05 p.u.). in fig.2 and 4 shows

the reactive power output has major impact as compare to the

real power output impact. But when the generator is operated at

unity power factor, real power output is varied from 0.5 to 1.4

p.u. The figure.3 represents the effect of reduction in voltage.

VII. INTERLINE POWER FLOW CONTROLLER

FOR WIND POWER PLANT

For controlling the active and reactive power of wind power

plant many facts devices are used. These devices are static var

compensator, STATCOM, unified power flow controller, static

synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and interline power

flow controller (IPFC). But the interline power flow controller

give better result as compare to other controllers. Because

interline power flow controller control the power in multiline as

compare to other controller control the power in only a single



line. In the interline power flow controller consist a two static

synchronous series converter. The interline power flow

controller connected to lines with coupling transformer. In

figure.5 shows the configuration of interline power flow

controller. The interline power flow controller is second

generation facts device. When we use both two static

synchronous series compensator, they work as a interline power

flow controller.

Figure2. Configuration of interline power flow controller [7]

VIII. CONCLUSION

In the modern wind power plant converters, the wind turbine

generators are equipped with power converter to allow variable

speed operation. In this paper basically discussed about the PV

and PQ curves. It was found that variation in wind generation

create variation in grid. But by using the facts devices, we can

decrease the reactive power and make the system more stable

in heavy and light load conditions. The output of wind power

plant is depending upon the amount of wind which is not

constant at all time in day. Due to this by using the second

generation facts devices we can reduce the losses. In all facts

devices, the interline power flow controller give better result as

compare to the other controller.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors are grateful to their respective institutes and

their colleagues for their support.

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review paper on wind power generation - ijmcs filereview paper on wind power generation jaswinder...

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