REVIEW PACKET FOR EOC UNITED STATES HISTORY EXAM

Here is the review packet it needs to be completed by Wednesday April 17, 2013. The packet consists of four parts: 1. Part I includes review questions for each competency goal you need to answer all of these 2. Part II is a review outline you should review this 3. Part III Supreme Court cases to know. You may want to make flash cards using these 3. Part IV are terms you should know for the EOC. You need to understand how they relate or apply to each competency goal. You may also want to make flash cards using the terms and review outline to help you prepare for the EOC. This assignment is worth two test grades complete it individually this is not a group assignment. Do not copy answers from another student or from Wikipedia. This will not help you on the EOC Exam. You need to be the one who does the work and knows the material to pass the EOC there is no shortcut! Students found cheating copying other students work, etc. will receive an automatic F for the assignment and will be referred to the Administration for disciplinary actions!

Part I

COMPETENCY GOAL 1: Expansion and Reform (1801-1850) - The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.

1.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union.

1.02 Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to sectionalism and nationalism.

1. How did the issue of slavery trigger a problem in 1819?

a. How did the Missouri Compromise solve this problem?

COMPETENCY GOAL 2: Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) – The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation. 2.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil

War.

2.02 Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil War.

2.03 Identify political and military turning points of the Civil War and assess their significance to the

outcome of the conflict.

2.04 Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the

reasons why Reconstruction came to an end.

3.05 Evaluate the degree to which the Civil War and Reconstruction proved to be a test of the supremacy

of the national government.

1. Why did southerners believe cotton was “king”?

2. What were the two proposals made to deal with the issues of slavery in the Mexican Cession?

3. How was the debate over the extension of slavery into the Mexican Cession solved in 1850?

a. What was that solution?

4. How did the following contribute to the beginning of the Civil War in 1861?

a. Fugitive Slave Law

b. Kansas-Nebraska Act

c. Bleeding Kansas

d. Republican Party

e. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

f. Dred Scott v. Sanford g. Lincoln-Douglas Debate

h. John Brown’s Raid

i. Election of 1860

5. Which southern state was the first to secede?

6. How did southern secessionists justify secession?

7. What country did these southern states create?

a. Who was its President?

b. Where were its two capitals?

8. Compare the strengths of the North and the South at the onset of the Civil War.

9. What significant role did each of the following play in the Civil War?

a. Robert E. Lee

b. Stonewall Jackson

c. Ulysses S. Grant

d. William Sherman

e. George B. McClellan

10. What was the significance of the following battles of the Civil War?

a. First Bull Run

b. Second Bull Run

c. Shiloh

d. Antietam

e. Gettysburg

f. Vicksburg

g. Sherman’s March to the Sea

11. Where did Lee surrender and what were the conditions of his surrender?

12. Why was the assassination of Abraham Lincoln by Booth a disaster for the South?

13. Compare each of the following plans for Reconstruction of the South.

a. Lincoln’s Plan

b. Johnson’s Plan c. Radical Republican Plan

14. What caused Congress and Andrew Johnson to clash?

15. Why were the 13th , 14th , and 15th amendments considered the Reconstruction amendments?

16. Why did the near impeachment of Johnson almost cause a shift in the balance of power between the

branches of government?

17. Who were the carpetbaggers and how did Southerners react to the Reconstruction governments

impose upon them?

18. Identify the scandals of the Grant administration.

19. Why was Reconstruction ended in 1877?

20. How did farming change in the South after the Civil War?

21. How did southerners attempt to “re-slave” the former slave; what system of labor replaced slavery throughout much of the South?

22. What terrorist organization was created by Nathan B. Forest to force white rule?

23. What were Jim Crow laws and how did they segregate southern society?

24. What Supreme Court ruling upheld segregation?

a. What was the doctrine by this Supreme Court ruling?

25. How did Booker T. Washington and Ida Wells Barnett react to the segregation establish in the South?

26. What is the difference between de facto and de jure segregation?

COMPETENCY GOAL 3: The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor (1860s-1896) – The learner will evaluate the great westward movement and assess the impact of the agricultural revolution on the nation.

3.01 Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the

problems they experienced.

3.02 Evaluate the impact that settlement in the West had upon different groups of people and the

environment.

3.03 Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the American farmer and

trace the rise and decline of Populism.

3.04 Describe innovations in agricultural technology and business practices and assess their impact on

the West.

1. What was the lifestyle of the Plains Indians, and how were the buffalo and horse important to the

lifestyle?

2. Why did the United States government adopt a reservation policy?

3. What impact did Custer’s Last Stand have on attitude toward the Plains Indians?

4. What did the American government do to assimilate the American Indian, and how successful was

this?

5. What was the Ghost Dance, and how did it lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee?

6. What enabled Americans to get land in the West?

7. How did the farmer cope with life on the Plains?

8. What inventions enabled the farmer to succeed?

9. How did the cattle in Texas get to dinner plates in the East?

10. What mineral resources were discovered in the West?

11. How did the railroads open up the west?

12. Why did Oliver Kelley organize the National Grange in 1867?

13. What were the Granger laws?

14. How was Munn v. Illinois later changed by Wabash v. Illinois?

15. What did the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 do?

16. What problem did the issue of money supply cause after the Civil War?

17. How was the Sherman Silver Purchase Act going to solve this problem?

18. When and why did the Farmers Alliance movement create the Populist Party?

19. What was the platform of the Populist Party in 1892?

20. How did William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech help him to win the 1896 Democratic Party

nomination?

COMPETENCY GOAL 4: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) - The learner will describe innovations in technology and business practices and assess their impact on economic, political, and social life in America. 4.01 Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life.

4.02 Explain how business and industrial leaders accumulated wealth and wielded political and economic

power.

4.03 Assess the impact of labor unions on industry and the lives of workers.

4.04 Describe the changing role of government in economic and political affairs.

1. Who were the robber barons?

2. How did laissez-faire capitalism promote the growth of big business?

3. Identify the industries dominated by the following individuals:

a. Andrew Carnegie

b. J.D. Rockefeller

c. J.P. Morgan

d. Cornelius Vanderbilt

4. Compare vertical and horizontal integration.

5. What is a trust and how does it become a monopoly?

6. Why was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act adopted in 1890?

7. What is the difference between a department store, chain store and a mail-order company?

a. Name a company that would represent each of the previous categories.

8. During the 1880s and 1890s, immigrants to American came primarily from what regions in Europe?

9. What was life like for the new immigrants after they reached America?

10. What was a political machine and how did it benefit immigrants?

a. Which was the most notorious of the political machines and who was its “boss”?

11. Why were Americans fearful of the new immigrants coming into America and how did they especially

deal with the Chinese immigrants?

12. During the late nineteenth century, how did cities in America change?

13. Describe what life was like for each of the following in city life:

a. Upper class

b. Middle class

c. Poor

14. How could a settlement house help the problems faced by Americans in the big cities?

15. Who was Jane Addams?

16. Why did many Protestant ministers establish the idea of the Social Gospel?

17. Why was the late nineteenth century referred to as the Gilded Age?

18. How did Boss Tweed and his ring control the city government of New York?

19. What change in patronage did the Garfield assassination cause?

20. How did the telephone, telegraph, and typewriter aid industrialization in America?

21. How did steel provide the building block for industrialization?

22. What two new sources of power changed industrialization?

23. What category of people made up the new working class by 1900?

24. Why did American industry employ a large number of children in the workforce?

25. What were the three major problems facing laborers during this time period?

26. Identify the following terms as they related to labor movement.

a. Knights of Labor

b. American Federation of Labor

c. Haymarket Square Riot

d. Collective bargaining

e. Closed shop

f. Open shop

g. Company town

h. Pullman Strike

i. Eugene Debs

j. Samual Gompers

k. Terence Powderly

l. Yellow dog contracts

m. Strike breakers

n. Lock-outs

o. Sweatshop

p. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

COMPETENCY GOAL 5: The emergence of the United States in World Affairs (1890- 1914) - The learner will analyze causes and effects of the United States emergence as a world power.

5.01 Examine the factors that led to the United States taking an increasingly active role in world affairs.

5.02 Identify the areas of United States military, economic, and political involvement and influence.

5.03 Describe how the policies and actions of the United States government impacted the affairs of other

countries.

1. Compare the following foreign policies of T. Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.

a. T. Roosevelt - Big Stick Diplomacy b. Taft – Dollar Diplomacy c. Wilson - Moral Diplomacy 2. Define the term imperialism

3. What role did each of the following play in promoting US imperialism?

a. Alfred T. Mahan’s Theory

b. Industrialization

c. Social Darwinism

4. How did the United States acquire each of the following territories during the period of imperialism?

a. Alaska

b. Hawaii

c. Philippines

d. Puerto Rico

5. How did journalism change by 1900, and what was yellow press journalism?

6. What was the role of each of the following in the Spanish-American War?

a. USS Maine

b. Teller Amendment

c. Rough Riders

d. William Randolph Hearst/ Joseph Pulitzer

e. Commodore Dewey

7. How was the Open Door Policy an attempt to secure concessions in China without fighting?

COMPETENCY GOAL 6: The Progressive Movement in the United States (1890-1914) –The learner will analyze the economic, political, and social reforms of the Progressive Period.

6.01 Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.

6.02 Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and political gains in the Progressive

Period.

6.03 Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on different regions and segments of the United States’ society.

6.04 Examine the impact of technological changes on economic, social, and cultural life in the United

States.

1. Identify the three Progressive Presidents.

2. What was Progressivism and what was its goal?

3. How did the following make America more Progressive?

a. initiative

b. referendum

c. recall

d. direct primary

4. How did journalism promote Progressivism?

5. What were muckrakers?

a. Who were the major muckrakers writing in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?

b. List their individual works.

6. How did each of the following help the Progressives achieve their goals?

a. The Jungle

b. Muller v. Oregon c. commission form of government

d. 16th amendment

e. 17th amendment

f. 18th amendment

g. 19th amendment

h. NAACP

i. Wisconsin idea/ La Follette

7. Identify the initiatives that made each of the following a Progressive president:

a. T. Roosevelt

b. Taft

c. Wilson

COMPETENCY GOAL 7: The Great War and Its Aftermath (1914-1930) - The learner will analyze United States involvement  in  World  War  I  and  the  war’s  influence  on  international  affairs  during  the  1920’s.

7.01 Examine the reasons why the United States remained neutral at the beginning of

World War I but later became involved.

7.02 Identify political and military turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome

of the conflict.

7.03 Assess the political, economic, social, and cultural effects of the war on the United States and other

nations.

1. How was each of the following a long-term cause of World War I?

a. imperialism

b. nationalism

c. militarism

d. alliances (Triple Entente & Triple Alliance)

2. What was the spark that begun WWI?

3. What was the US reaction to the beginning of WWI in Europe?

4. What was trench warfare like during WWI?

5. What new weapons made their debut during WWI?

6. What was the Lusitania?

a. What happened to it in 1915?

7. Describe how each of the following led to the US entry into WWI in 1917.

a. freedom of the seas

b. submarine warfare

c. propaganda

d. Zimmerman Note

8. What was Wilson’s campaign slogan in 1916?

9. How did the United States raise an army to fight in WWI?

10. How was the army transported to the European battlefields?

11. What took Russia out of the war in 1917?

12. Identify how the United States mobilized each of the following areas for war:

a. labor

b. industry

c. agriculture

d. propaganda

13. What doctrine was established in the Schenck v. US case in 1919?

14. What was Wilson’s peace plan and what did he hope to accomplish?

15. Who attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919?

16. Identify the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

17. Why did Republicans in the US Senate oppose the Treaty of Versailles and who was their leader?

COMPETENCY GOAL 8: Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939) - The learner will appraise the economic, social, and political  changes  of  the  decades  of  “The  Twenties”  and  “The  Thirties.”

8.01 Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920’s and 1930’s. 8.02 Analyze the extent of prosperity for different segments of society during this period.

8.03 Analyze the significance of social, intellectual, and technological changes of lifestyles in the United

States.

8.04 Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender.

8.05 Assess the impact of New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American

life.

1. How did US demobilization cause problems for the economy?

2. Why did the Red Scare occur in the United States in the 1920s?

3. What was A. Mitchell Palmer’s role in the Red Scare?

4. How did the Sacco-Vanzetti trial highlight the anti-immigrant feelings in American in the 1920s?

5. How did the United States restrict immigration in the 1920s?

6. Why did African Americans begin to migrate to the industrial North in 1914?

a. What was the impact of this migration on northern cities?

7. How did the end of WWI impact American isolationism in the 1920s and 1930s?

8. What was Warren G. Harding’s campaign slogan in the 1920 presidential election?

9. Why was the Tea Pot Dome scandal humiliating for the Harding administration?

10. What was the financial plan of Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon, and how did it help lead to the

Great Depression?

11. How did WEB Du Bois’s and Marcus Garvey’s beliefs differ from Booker T. Washington’s?

12. Why did the KKK re-emerge during the 1920s?

13. Why was there a downturn in the economy immediately following WWI?

14. What new form of transportation transformed American society during the 1920s?

15. How did Henry Ford transform industrial production during the 1920s?

16. How did advertisement change, during the 1920s, to encourage consumerism?

17. How did the image of women change after WWI?

18. Why did the United States adopt the 18th amendment, which prohibited the manufacturing, distribution

and consumption of alcoholic beverages?

19. How did the Scopes trial reflect a conflict between science and religion in the 1920s?

20. What music became widely popular during the 1920s?

21. How did the Harlem Renaissance improve the self-image of African Americans in the 1920s?

22. What is meant by the term the Lost Generation?

a. What individuals would symbolize the Lost Generation?

23. What happened on October 29, 1929?

24. Why was there a Great Depression? (causes)

25. How did the Great Depression change the quality of life for Americans?

26. Why was the weakest segment of the US economy prior to 1929 the farmers?

27. What was Hoover’s philosophy for dealing with the Depression?

28. What is a run on a bank?

a. How many states stopped “runs on banks”?

29. Why was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected in 1932 as the President?

30. What did FDR mean by the statement, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”?

31. Compare the measures adopted during the First New Deal and measures adopted during the Second

New.

32. What was the difference between Hoover’s approach to the Depression and FDR’s approach to the Depression?

a. Be sure to identify “rugged individualism.” 33. How was John Lewis’s CIO different from previous labor unions?

34. What role did Harry Hopkins play in FDR’s administration?

35. How did Huey Long and Dr. Frances Townshend “push” FDR to sponsor even more liberal legislation?

36. Why did FDR remove the US from the gold standard?

37. How did John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath depict the hardships of the Depression?

a. What was the Dust Bowl?

COMPETENCY GOAL 9: World War II and the Beginning of the Cold War (1930s-1963) The learner will analyze United States involvement in World War II and  the  war’s  influence  on  international affairs in following decades. 9.01 Elaborate on the causes of World War II and reasons for United States entry into the war.

9.02 Identify military, political, and diplomatic turning points of the war and determine their significance to

the outcome and aftermath of the conflict.

9.03 Describe and analyze the effects of the war on American economic, social, political, and cultural life.

9.04 Elaborate on changes in the direction of foreign policy related to the beginnings of the Cold War.

9.05 Assess the role of organizations established to maintain peace and examine their continuing

effectiveness.

1. Identify the types of government instituted by the following dictators:

a. Germany/ Adolph Hitler

b. Italy/ Benito Mussolini

c. Japan/ Tojo

d. Soviet Union/ Stalin

2. Identify the Axis powers and the major Allied Powers of WWII.

3. Where did each of the following totalitarian governments want to expand?

a. Germany

b. Japan

c. Italy

4. What was appeasement?

a. Why did appeasement not work?

b. Who initiated it?

5. Identify the long-term causes and the short-term causes of WWII.

6. List the areas of conquest or annexation by Adolph Hitler.

7. What actions were taken by Germany in 1939 led Britain and France to go to war against Germany?

8. What is “blitzkrieg” fighting?

9. What saved Britain in the Battle of Britain?

10. Who was the Prime Minister of Britain during WWII?

11. How did the Americans help the British without declaring war on Germany?

12. What was the United States’ official position after the outbreak of WWII in Europe?

13. What did Winston Churchill and FDR agree to in the Atlantic Charter?

14. How were Japanese Americans treated in the US during WWII?

15. Describe the African campaign led by the United States.

16. Describe the Italian campaign by America.

17. What was “island hopping” and where was it used?

18. State the significance of the following WWII battles:

a. Pearl Harbor

b. Coral Sea

c. Midway

d. Iwo Jima

e. D-Day

19. Describe the role each of the following played in WWII:

a. Eisenhower

b. Patton

c. MacArthur

d. Rommell

20. Who attended Potsdam and what did the Allies agree to?

21. Who attended the Yalta Conference and what was their decision?

22. Why and when did Harry S. Truman become president?

23. What was the Manhattan Project and who was in charge?

24. Why did Truman decide to use the atomic bomb on Japan?

25. What two Japanese cities were victims of the A-bomb?

26. What was a kamikaze pilot?

27. What role did “Rosie the Riveter” play in WWII?

28. What was the WWII experience like for African Americans?

29. What were the Zoot Suit Riots?

30. In what way were white and black men treated equally during WWII?

31. What was Hitler’s “Final Solution”?

32. What does the term “Holocaust” mean?

33. How did the government allocate resources to US citizens during WWII?

COMPETENCY GOAL 10: Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil (1945-1980) - The learner will trace economic, political, and social developments and assess their significance for the lives of Americans during this time period.

10.01 Describe the effects of the Cold War on economic, political, and social life in America.

10.02 Trace major events of the Civil Rights Movement and evaluate its impact.

10.03 Identify major social movements including, but not limited to, those involving women, young people,

and the environment, and evaluate the impact of these movements on the United States’ society. 10.04 Identify the causes of United States’ involvement in Vietnam and examine how this involvement

affected society.

10.05 Examine the impact of technological innovations that have impacted American life.

10.06 Identify political events and the actions and reactions of the government officials and citizens, and

assess the social and political consequences.

1. What were the Nuremberg Trials?

2. What was the purpose of the United Nations?

3. Why was there a second Red Scare in the 1950s?

4. What was Truman’s Fair Deal?

a. How did it differ from the New Deal?

5. Who are “baby boomers?” 6. How did each of the following impact the lives of Americans in the 1950s?

a. suburbs

b. television

c. entertainment

d. Levittown

e. automobile

7. How did each of the following change the lives of African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s?

a. Rosa Parks

b. Thurgood Marshall

c. Brown v. Board of Education d. Jackie Robinson e. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

f. Central High School, Little Rock

g. Greensboro sit-ins/SNCC

h. Freedom Rides

i. Mississippi Summer Freedom Project

j. “I Have a Dream” speech

k.. 1964 Civil Rights Act

l.. 1965 Voting Rights Act

m..1968 Civil Rights Act

n. Malcolm X

o. Black Power

p. Black Panthers

8. Trace advantages in the US space program from JFK’s presidency to the 1969 moon landing. 9. What conflict did Roe v. Wade create with religious groups?

10. What changes did LBJ’s Great Society programs have on the lives of people?

11. How has American industry and economy changed since WWII?

12. Why did the US move from being a major exporter to becoming a major importer?

13. Identify the candidates for the presidency for each election since 1944.

14. Which President is associated with each of the following programs? Also briefly explain the programs.

a. New Deal

b. Fair Deal

c. Dynamic Conservatism

d. New Frontier

e. Great Society

15. What did JFK mean when he stated, “ask not what your country can do for you, but ask what you can do for your country”?

16. Identify the significance of the following during JFK’s presidency: a. Peace Corps

b. Alliance for Progress

c. Bay of Pigs

b. Cuban Missile Crisis

c. Berlin Wall

d. New Frontier

17. What was the Solid South?

a. What were Dixiecrats?

18. Why was the Democratic Convention of 1968 so disturbing to many Americans?

19. What impact did the Kennedy-Nixon debate have on the 1960 election and future elections?

20. What single-issue political parties have developed since 1968 and what issue did each party support?

COMPTENCY GOAL 11: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) – The learner will identify and analyze trends in domestic and foreign affairs of the United States during this time period.

11.01 Summarize significant events in foreign policy since the Vietnam War.

11.02 Evaluate the impact of recent constitutional amendments, court rulings, and federal legislation on

United States’ citizens.

11.03 Identify and assess the impact of economic, technological, and environmental changes in the

United States.

11.04 Identify and assess the impact of social, political, and cultural changes in the United States.

11.05 Assess the impact of growing racial and ethnic diversity in American society.

11.06 Assess the impact of twenty-first century terrorist activity on American society.

1. Describe how each of the following either hurt or improved US-Soviet relations during the Cold War:

a. Truman Doctrine

b. Eisenhower Doctrine

c. Carter Doctrine

d. Containment

e. Massive retaliation

f. NATO

g. Warsaw Pact

h. Peaceful co-existence

i. Détente

j. SALT I and SALT II

k. SEATO

l. Domino Theory

m. Glasnost

2. Why was there an energy crisis in the 1970s?

3. How did Rachel Carson change the way Americans viewed the environment?

4. What was the Watergate crisis and how did it impact America?

5. Describe why the US got involved in the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War.

6. Complete the following for each of conflicts dates, Presidents during conflict, generals, enemies and

supporters of the enemy, and the outcome

a. Korean War

b. Vietnam War

c. Persian Gulf War

7. What were the Camp David Accords, and why were they significant?

8. What was the Iran Hostage Crisis, and how was it resolved?

9. Identify the importance of the following in regards to Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy. a. Nicaragua

b. Iran Contra Affair

c. Grenada

d. Lebanon

10. Describe the role of each of the following in George Bush’s foreign policy in the 1980s. a. Panama

b. Nicaragua

c. China

d. Operation Desert Shield/ Storm

Part II

United States History EOC Review Outline I. The Jefferson Era

A. Monroe Doctrine (1823)—Declared western hemisphere closed to European colonization

II. Internal Development—Post War of 1812

A. Missouri Compromise (1820)

1. Raised question of expansion of slavery, threatened the balance of power in the Senate

2. Henry Clay’s idea—Missouri became a slave state, Maine became a free state, Established the 36°30’ line to limit the expansion of slavery

III. Westward Expansion

A. Polk’s Presidency

1. Campaigned on the slogan of 54 40 or fight

2. Mexican-American War

a. Causes: influx of Americans in MX, confusion over the borders, annexation of TX

b. Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” protested the war c. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) increased US territory, sets TX-MX boundary at Rio Grande

River, returned the issue of slavery to the national level

IV. America at Mid-Century

A. Political Developments

1. Wilmot Proviso, proposed during the war, would have prohibited slavery in lands taken from MX

(rejected)

2. Compromise of 1850: introduced by H. Clay

a. Gains for the North: CA as free state, borders btw TX & NM established, slave trade prohibited in

D.C.

b. Gains for the South: tougher fugitive slave laws, assume TX debt, slavery not abolished in D.C.

3. Pres. Pierce acquires the Gadsden Purchase (1854) from MX

V. The Coming Civil War

A. Uncle  Tom’s  Cabin  by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)

B. Troubles in Kansas

1. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) repealed the Compromise Line of 1820 and opened Kansas to popular

sovereignty

a. Republican Party was formed to stop the spread of slavery into the territories

2. Free Soilers and John Brown helps Kansas Bleed

3. Lecompton Constitution the pro-slavery constitution that was accepted, but led to guerrilla warfare

C. The 1856 Election—James Buchanan wins, but Republican party strengthens

D. Dred Scott Case—Sup Ct. Chief Justice Roger Taney states that Congress can’t exclude slavery from any territory

E. Lincoln-Douglas Debates

1. Lincoln challenges Douglas to reconcile popular sovereignty w/ Dred Scott decision

F. Additional Sources of Tension

1. John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry Va., Rowan Helper’s Impending Crisis in the South G. The 1860 Election

1. Democratic party splits: Northern Whigs= S. Douglas, Southern Whig= J. Breckenridge, Constitutional

Union= J. Bell

2. Republican Party nominates A. Lincoln (wins plurality)

H. Secession Crisis

1. SC seceded 12/20/1860

2. 7 states organized into the CSA w/ J. Davis as the president by March of 1861 and draft a Constitution

in Montgomery, Alabama.

3. Lincoln called for troops, 4 other states joined the Confederacy.

4. April 12, 1861 @ 4:30am Beauregard’s men fire on Fort Sumter – the War starts, Major Anderson

forced to surrender the fort and leave SC

VI. The Civil War

A. Strengths

1. USA advantages: wealthier, more industry, more population, functioning Navy, RR

a. Anaconda Plan: Blockade Atlantic, control MS Rv, capture Richmond

b. Lincoln’s first goal—“Preserving the Union”

2. CSA advantages: large area made conquest difficult, home front advantage, more qualified military

leaders

B. Early Battles

1. First Battle of Bull Run—shows that war win be long

2. D. Farragut captured New Orleans

3. War at Sea

a. Trent incident

b. Merrimack & Monitor were the first ironclads

C. The Home Front

1. Homestead Act (1862) gives 160 acres of free land if farmed for 5 years—more settling west

2. Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) free land to states for “ag and mechanical” colleges

3. Pacific Railway Act (1862) – built largely by Chinese and Irish Immigrants, the transcontinental railroad

was not completed until 1869, met at Promontory Point, UT

4. Conscription instituted in North & South

5. Financing the War

a. Union established first income tax

b. Issues “greenbacks” 6. Constitutional Authority?—Lincoln suspends habeas corpus, jails Southern sympathizers

D. Later Battles

1. Antietam/Sharpsburg (1862) Bloodiest Day in U.S. History – not a decisive victory

a. Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation

2. Gettysburg (1863) Bloodiest Battle in the War, 1st Turning Point

3. Vicksburg, 2nd Turning Point, Union gained control of the Mississippi River

4. Sherman March to the Sea, burned Atlanta, etc. “Total War” 5. Lee Surrendered at Appomattox Court House (4/9/1865)

E. Lincoln assassinated (4/14/1865)

VII. Reconstruction

A. Under Lincoln

1. Est Freedman’s Bureau (1865) 2. 10% Plan

3. Pocket Vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill

B. Under Johnson

1. More lenient than Lincoln, add ratification of 13th Amend., Congress refused to admit representatives

C. Congressional Reconstruction

1. Begins after the 1866 mid-term elections

2. Military Reconstruction Act (1867) divides South into 5 military districts run by federal governors

3. 14th Am defines citizen & ensures that life, liberty & property can’t be taken w/o due process

4. Tenure of Office Act (1867) president must have Senate approval to dismiss appointed officials

a. Congress wanted to keep Sec. Of War Stanton

b. Failure to follow Tenure of Office Act leads to Johnson’s impeachment—found not guilty

D. Under Grant

1. 15th Am ensures universal male suffrage—Republicans dependant on black vote

2. Corruption: Whiskey Ring Fraud, Crédit Mobilier scandal

3. Panic of 1873: retirement of greenbacks & revival of gold standard

E. Compromise of 1877

1. Contested Election Results in SC, FL, and LA

2. Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes promised to end Reconstruction by w/drawling troops from

South for Democratic support and won the election.

VIII. New Industrial Era (1877-1882)

A. Politics

1. 1880 Election: James Garfield (R) becomes pres, assassinated by a “Stalwart”—favored spoils system

2. Chester A. Arthur becomes president and supported the Pendleton Civil Service Act

B. Economy

1. New South’s economy: textiles, steel, cigarettes

2. Social Darwinism & Gospel of Wealth

3. National Grange, founded by Oliver Kelley push for “Grange Laws,” Farmers’ Alliance form—

supported inflation, regulation of RR, cooperative farm marketing

4. Haymarket Square Riots (1886): reduced support of labor unions & Knights of Labor

C. Society & Culture

1. Immigration: 2M in 1870s, mostly Northern Europeans; 5M in 1880s, mostly Southern & Eastern

Europeans

2. Social Gospel: wanted better social & education services in cities (Jane Addams)

3. New Religious Organizations: Salvation army (1878), Mary Baker Eddy’s First Church of Christian

Scientists

4. African Americans: Booker T. Washington led Tuskegee Institute emphasizing vocational education

5. Literature: Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer—works leading toward Realism

IX. Corporate Industrialism (1882-1887)

A. Politics

1. Election 1884: Grover Cleveland (D) becomes president—politics shift from Republicans to Democrats

B. Economy

1. Corporate Leaders: John D. Rockefeller (oil), JP Morgan (banking), Andrew Carnegie (steel)

a. “Robber Barons” or “Industrial Statesmen” 2. Interstate Commerce Act (1887): oversees RR rates, federal regulations of RR

3. American Federation of Labor: craft unions, Samuel Gompers & Adolph Strasser founded it

C. Foreign Relations

1. Asia: Chinese immigration suspended (1882)

2. Navy: became 3rd largest in the war & naval college started

3. Pacific: US obtained Pearl Harbor in Hawaii (1886)

4. American Christian Missionaries active all over world

a. Josiah Strong – A Protestant Minister who expanded the idea of Manifest Destiny to support

American imperialism in the late 19th century

D. Native Americans

1. Apache War: capture of Geronimo ended war (1887)

2. Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Americanization by est private property among NA

3. Helen Hunt Jackson, Century of Dishonor – published in 1881, outlined America’s harsh treatment of the

Native Americans

X. Emergence of Regional Empire (1887-1892)

A. Politics

1. Election of 1888: Benjamin Harrison (R) won electoral vote, but Cleveland won popular vote

2. Oklahoma: First OK land rush (1889) “Oklahoma Sooners” B. Economy

1. Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890): prohibited combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade

2. McKinley Tariff (1890)

C. Society & Culture

1. Popular Amusements: vaudeville, circus, Wild West Shows, George Eastman’s camera

2. Sports: baseball, boxing, cycling, basketball invented

3. Childrearing: parents less authoritative, golden age of children’s literature

4. Growth of Catholicism & Judaism in USA

5. Native Americans: Ghost Dance & Battle of Wounded Knee (1890): ended the NA wars

6. Frederick Jackson Turner “The  Significance  of  the  Frontier  in  American  History” (1893)—closing of the

frontier and the end of the “West” D. Foreign Relations

1. Hawaii: American sugar planters overthrow Queen Lilliuokalani (1893)

XI. Economic Depression (1892-1897)

A. Politics

1. Populist Party founded in 1892, Omaha Platform advocated public ownership of RR, unlimited coinage

of silver as well as gold, 8-hour work day, initiatives & referendum, secret ballots, direct election of

senators, graduated income tax

a. Fights RR w/ Munn v, Illinois & Wabash v. Illinois 2. Election of 1892: Grover Cleveland (D) defeats Benjamin Harrison (R), Populists win 10% of the vote

3. Election of 1896: William McKinley (R) defeats William Jennings Bryan (D)—Populist Party supported

Bryan

B. Economy

1. Homestead Strike (1892): iron & steel workers struck Carnegie Steel & was broken up by guards

2. Panic of 1893

3. Pullman Strike (1894): Cleveland sent in federal troops to break up strikers

C. Society & Culture

1. Temperance: Anti-Saloon League

2. Immigration: settlement houses provided aid—Jane Addams’ Hull House in Chicago

XII. Expansion (1897-1902)

A. Politics

1. Election 1900: William McKinley & Teddy Roosevelt (R) defeat Bryan (D)

2. McKinley assassination: anarchist killed pres (1901), Roosevelt becomes pres

3. Gold Standard Act (1900): gold reserve established

B. Foreign Policy

1. Spanish American War causes: yellow journalism, USS Maine explosion, Cuban revolution, DeLôme

Letter criticizing McKinley

a. Treaty of Paris (1900): USA gains Philippines, Puerto Rico & Guam, Spain receives $20M

2. Hawaii annexed 1898

3. Philippines: Emilio Aguinaldo led rebellion against USA (1899-1902)

4. Open Door Notes: equal opportunity to trade w/ China

5. Platt Amendment: made Cuba a virtual protectorate of the USA (1901)

6. USA begins the Panama Canal

XIII. Theodore Roosevelt

A. Politics

1. Robert LaFollette promotes state progressivism & “Laboratory of Democracy”—initiatives, recalls,

direct election of Senators

2. 1904 Election: Teddy Roosevelt—presidential policy called the “Square Deal” 3. Food Regulations: Pure Foods and Drug Act (1906) & Meat Inspection Act (1906) in response to The Jungle B. Economy

1. Antitrust Policies: Northern Securities Cases; Standard Oil Case, by 1909 T. Roosevelt brought down

25 monopolies using the Courts and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

2. Coal Strike: TR intervened in United Mine Workers action against anthracite mine owners (1902)

C. Society & Culture

1. Muckrakers: investigative journalism—Lincoln Steffens’ The Shame of the Cities, Ida Tarbell’s The History of Standard Oil, Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives D. Foreign Relations

1. Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine: USA reserved right to intervene with Latin America

2. Japan: Gentleman’s Agreement (1907) limited Japanese immigration

3. Great White Fleet: US naval fleet sent to Asia

XIV. Regulator State (1907)

A. Politics

1. 1908 Election: William H. Taft (R) defeats William Jennings Bryan (D)

a. Taft continued to fight trusts

b. Dollar Diplomacy

2. 16th Amendment: graduated income tax

3. 1912 Election: TR Split the Republican Party – Wilson (D) defeats TR (progressive) and Taft (R)

4. Mexican Revolution: Taft stations troops along MX border supporting revolutionary government

B. Economy

1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff: amendments made bill a protective tariff (1909)

2. Mann-Elkins Act (1910): strengthens the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

C. Society & Culture

1. IWW: Industrial Works of the World (Wobblies): radical labor union

2. African Americans: WEB DuBois founded the Niagara Movement (1905) that eventually became the

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, calling for full equality the NAACP

concentrated on using the courts

XV. Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom

A. Implementing the “New Freedom”—calls for the reduction of tariffs, reform of bank laws, improvements

on antitrust

laws

1. Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act (1913): tariff rates reduced & graduated income tax implemented

2. Federal Reserve Act (1913): Fed serviced bank

3. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914): interpreted the Sherman Antitrust Act

4. Federal Trade Commission Act (1914): prohibited unfair trade w/o defining them

5. Child Labor Act (1916): could not ship goods made by children under 14 across state line (Interstate)—

declared unconstitutional

B. Election of 1916: Wilson wins and by calling for neutrality w/ WWI

XVI. Foreign Policy and Road to WWI

A. Long-term causes

1. Imperialism

2. Militarism

3. Nationalism

4. Alliances

B. Issues Proclamation of Neutrality (1914): closer ties to Allies

1. Submarine Crisis: Lusitania sunk killing Am passengers (1915), Arabic Pledge

2. Sussex Pledge (1916)

3. German reversed Schliefin Plan and announce unrestricted sub warfare (1917)

4. Zimmerman telegram (1917): Gm proposed that Mexican join them

5. German commit the “Overt Act,” the US declares war April 6, 1917

XVII. World War I

A. Military Campaigns

1. Selective Service Act (May 1917): 2M drafted by end of war.

2. American Expeditionary force led by Gen. Pershing—100K dead

B. Home Front

1. War Industries Board allocates raw materials, controls production & pricing of goods.

2. Rationing: “Wheatless Mondays” & “Meatless Tuesdays” 3. War Labor Board prohibits strikes & encourages higher wages.

4. War finance= income & luxury taxes ↑, bonds sold

C. Public Opinion & Civil Liberties

1. Espionage & Sedition Acts (1917): impose fines or prison sentences for giving false information aiding

the enemy or criticizing the government

D. Social Trends

1. Women: more working, new freedoms lead to suffrage

2. Minorities: many migrate from South, race riots in 26 cities

XVIII. Peace & Domestic Problems

A. Peacemaking

1. 14 Points: open treaties, freedom of seas & trade, arms reduction, fair adjustments to colonial claims,

national aspirations, League of Nations.

2. Armistice (11-11-1918)

3. Treaty of Versailles: League of Nations formed, German signs guilt-clause, must pat reparations, new

countries formed.

a. Henry Cabot Lodge & Republicans

B. Domestic Problems

1. Progressivism: 18th Am eliminates alcohol; 19th Am gives women suffrage

2. Red Scare: arrest & deportation of supposed Communists, Palmer Raid, FBI starts with Hoover as

head

C. Election of 1920

1. Republican Warren G. Harding wins – “return to normalcy”

XIX. 1920s

A. Economy

1. Consumer credit expands meeting demand for big ticket items

2. Big business ↑

3. Farmer incomes ↓ & costs ↑

B. American Society

1. Standard of living ↑

2. “Flappers” indp & assertive young women

3. Marcus Garvey (UNIA) encourages back to Africa

4. Literary: E. Hemingway, F.S. Fitzgerald, E. Pound (Lost Generation)

C. Social Conflicts

1. KKK memberships rises along with Nativism

2. Emergency Quota Act (1921): limits immigration from each nation w/ maximum of 150K

3. Prohibition enforced by Volstead Act

a. Crime ↑ w/ speakeasies, mobs, & bootlegging

4. Scopes Trial= creationism v. evolution

5. Sacco & Venzetti charged & executed for robbery

D. Government & Politics

1. Harding Administration: cuts taxes, Fordney-Cumberland Tariff imposed ↑ tariffs on farm products

2. Tea Pot Dome Scandal—Sec. Falls sells federal land in WY

3. Harding dies of heart attack—Coolidge takes over

4. Election 1924: “Stay Cool with Coolidge”—C. Coolidge wins

5. Election 1928: H. Hoover wins w/ the solid south

6. Foreign Policy: Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)—renounced war

XX. Great Depression

A. Causes of the Great Depression

1. Farm economy depressed throughout decade; ag and industrial overproduction, too much wealth in the

hands of too few, defects in the stock market and banking system

a. The stock market crash (10-29-1929) was the first visible sign

B. Affects of the Great Depression

1. Financial: GDP dropped by ~50%; unemployment rose to ~25%, by 1932 22% of banks failed

2. Bonus Expeditionary Force: unemployed vets go to D.C. to lobby for early payments; driven from

shanties “Hoovervilles” by federal army

C. Hoover’s Depression

1. Hawley-Smoot Tariff: raised duties on ag & manufacturing prices (makes situation worse).

2. Public Works: built “Hoover” Dam

3. Federal Home Loan Bank Act: loans to buildings & loans associations, savings banks, insurance

companies

D. Election of 1932

1. Dem. Nominated FDR – “Happy Day’s Are Here Again!” 2. Roosevelt received >57% of votes with the promise of his 3 R’s (Relief, Recovery, and Reform)

XXI. FDR and the First New Deal

A. Legislation of 1st 100 Days

1. To end the Banking Crisis: runs on banks before inauguration; FDR declared a Banking Holiday and

submitted the Emergency Bank Relief Act to Congress: additional funds for banks, no hording

2. Established the FDIC to insure deposits

3. Repeal of prohibition w/ 21st Am

4. Federal Emergency Relief Act: $ to poor, distributed by states – Harry Hopkins and “work relief” 5. Civilian Conservation Corps: small payments to families of young men working for government

6. Public Works Administration: built schools, highways, & hospitals—create construction jobs

7. Agricultural Adjustment Administration and National Industrial Recovery Act (both later declared

unconstitutional which prompted FDR to propose his Court Packing Scheme)

8. Federal Farm Loan Act: consolidates farm credit to make low payments

9. Tennessee Valley Authority: regional public planning, built 20 dams, hydroelectric power

B. Explained his actions on the radio “fireside chats” C. After the 1st 100 Days

1. Securities & Exchange Commission: supervised stock exchanges

2. Federal Housing Admin: insures long-term, low interest rate mortgages on home construction

XXII. Second New Deal

A. Legislation

1. Works Progress Administration: employed people for 10 hrs/wk

2. National Youth Program: pt jobs to high school & college students so they’d stay in school 3. Rural Electrification Admin

4. National Labor Relations Act: right to unionize, created National Labor Relations Board

5. Social Security Act

6. High income taxes on high income

XXIII. Road to War

A. Early Foreign Policy

1. Good Neighbor Policy: improve relations w/ Latin American & nonintervention

B. Neutrality Acts (1937): prohibits loans, arm sales to belligerent nations; cash & carry of nonmilitary

goods

C. Threats to World Order

1. Japan invades Manchuria (1931) & China (1937)

2. Ethiopia falls to It (1936)

3. Gm enters entered Rhineland, Rome-Berlin Axis formed, Gm unites w/ Austria & takes Sudetenland,

takes Czech, non-aggression pact w/ USSR

4. Gm invades Poland

D. American Response—First peace-time draft for men 21-35

E. American Involvement

1. Lend-Lease Act: post-war payment by Br

2. Atlantic Charter: issued by Churchill & FDR, endorsed self-determination

F. Road to Pearl Harbor

1. Embargo on gas, iron, steel on Japan (1940)

2. Japan signed treaty w/ Axis

3. Japanese assets in USA frozen

4. Pearl Harbor attacked 12-7-1941

5. 12-8-1941 FDR asks Congress to declare war.

XXIV. World War II, 1942-1946

A. North African Theater

1. DDE’s allied forces defeat Erwin Rommel (desert Fox)’s Africa Korps

2. Turning Point: El Alamain

B. European Theater

1. Gm tried to attack USSR—Turning Point: Stalingrad

2. D-Day (6-61944): Allied Troops invade France

3. V-E Day (April 1945)

C. Pacific Theater

1. After Pearl Harbor Americans are driven out of the Philippines, Baton Death March

2. Coral Sea (May 1942): Jp advanced toward Australia

3. Midway (June 1942): USA defeated Jp Navy

4. Okinawa (June 1945): Jp defenses destroyed

5. Hiroshima & Nagasaki (1945): atomic bomb dropped

6. Japan surrendered 8-14-1945

D. Diplomacy

1. Yalta Conference: “Big Three” decided on UN & occupation of Gm

2. Potsdam Conference (July/Aug. 1945): demanded Jp surrender

E. Home Front

1. War Production Board (1942): regulated raw material usage

2. Office of Price Administration (1942): regulated prices & wages

3. Revenue Act (1942): extended income tax to majority of population

4. Korematsu v. US (1944): Supreme Court upheld relocation of Jp-Am to concentration camps for

military

security

5. A. Phillip Randolph, Civil Right Leader who opposed the war because of Civil Rights

XXV. The Cold War, 1945-1960

A. Emergence of Containment

1. Truman Doctrine (1947): US policy prevent the expansion of Communism by aiding democracies

around

the world, begin with Turkey & Greece

2. Marshall Plan (1947): US’s plan for European economic recovery

3. Berlin Crisis leads to Berlin Airlift ending May 1949

4. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization created April 1949, Soviets respond with the Warsaw Pact

5. SEATO created in 1954 (an Asian version of NATO, though it dissolved in 1977)

B. International Cooperation—United Nations est at San Francisco meeting 1945

1. 1st pres= Eleanor Roosevelt

C. Containment in Asia

1. Korea: No Korea invaded So Korea by crossing 38th // (1950), UN authorized USA forced to invade,

armistice signed June 1953

D. Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy

1. Vietnam: French are defeated at Dien Bien Phu (1954); Geneva Accords est 17th //

2. SEATO: Philippines, Thailand & Pakistan signed Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (1954)

3. Eisenhower Doctrine (1957): use force against advancing Communists in Middle East

4. Cuba (1961): Castro came to power & moved toward USSR; USA beaks diplomacy

XXVII. Domestic Policies, 1945-1960

A. Truman

1. Atomic Energy Commission est (1946)

2. Taft-Hartley Act (1947): Congress restricted union power, outlawed “closed shops” 3. Truman desegregated the military by executive order

4. 1948 Election: Democrats split over Civil Rights, Strom Thurman ran as a “Dixiecrat,” Democrats

nominated Truman, Republicans nominated Dewey; Truman won!

5. GI Bill

B. Anti-Communism

1. Loyalty Review Board (1947): review government employees; root out communist

2. Alger Hiss (1950): accused of being a communist spy, convicted of perjury.

3. McCarren Act (1950): Communist had to register w/ fed government

4. Joseph McCarthy: senator from WI charged Communists were working in State Dept & Army; Second

Red Scare peaked with “McCarthyism,” later censured by senate

5. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg (1953) executed for espionage

C. Eisenhower

1. won 1952 election

2. Earl Warren appointed to Supreme Court as Chief Justice

3. Interstate Hwy System (1956)

4. NASA established 1958 in response to Sputnik; also poured million $$$ into math and science

education

D. Civil Rights

1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954): separate facilities unequal

2. Montgomery bus boycott led by MLK, Jr (1955-56)

3. Little Rock, AR (1957): National Guard desegregates Central HS

4. Sit-ins start in Greensboro, N.C. at Woolworths and spread nation wide.

E. Beat Movement

F. Election 1960: JFK wins over Nixon—first televised debates, prob over JFK being Catholic

XXVIII. Society & Culture, 1945-1960

A. Economic & Demographic Trends

1. GNP nearly doubles

2. Baby boom

3. Suburban growth (Levittowns)

B. Social Conformity

1. Homogeneity: William Whyte’s The Organization Man (1956)

2. Women: books & magazine promote cult of feminine domesticity

3. Church memberships increases

XXIX. Domestic Policies, 1961-1968

A. Kennedy (New Frontier)

1. Increased minimum wage

2. March on Washington: 200K ppl demonstrate for Civil Rights, MLK, Jr gives “I have a Dream.” 3. Est Peace Corps

4. Kennedy Assassination (11-22-1963)

B. Johnson (Great Society)

1. Civil Rights Act (1964): outlawed racial discrimination by employers & unions; Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission formed

2. Economic Opportunity Act (1964): est Job Corps, VISTA (volunteers in service to America)

3. Voting Rights Act (1965): fed involvement in voter registration

4. Medicare (1965): medical care for retired persons

5. Housing & Urban Development Act (1965) & Dept of Housing & Urban Affairs (1966) aka HUD

XXX. Foreign Policy, 1961-1968

A. Kennedy

1. Bay of Pigs (April 1961): CIA fails invasion of Cuba

2. Berlin Wall (1961): Krushchev closed border btw West & East Berlin

3. Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct 1962): spy planes discover soviet missiles in Cuba

4. Nuclear test ban (1963): ban atmosphere testing

5. Alliance for Progress (proposed by JFK in 1961) provide aid for Latin America to counter the

“communist threat” and strengthen relations between Latin America and the U.S.

B. Johnson

1. Gulf of Tonkin (Aug 1964): North VN attack USS Maddox, Johnson asked Congress for the Tonkin

Resolutions authorizing the use of military force in North VN

2. Tet Offensive (1968): VC wage counterattack, psychological win, turning point in Vietnam!

a. My Lai Massacre – US soldiers under Lt. William Calley killed hundreds of Vietnamese civilians

(Vietcong?), pictures hit the media, Calley is court-martialed and sentenced to life in prison.

3. Election 1968

a. Robert Kennedy Democratic candidate, assassinated

b. Nixon (R) narrowly defeats Humphrey (D)

XXXI. Political and Social Activism, 1965-1970

A. Ethnic Activism

1. Racial Riots – Watts, LA (1965), NYC & Chicago (1966), Newark & Detroit (1967)

2. Black Power: Stokely Carmichael calls for black control of Civil Rights

3. Hispanics: Cesar Chavez’s United Hispanic Farm Workers recognized by AFL; boycott grapes

4. Native Americans: American Indian Movement founded (AIM)—Protest @ Wounded Knee

B. Counter Culture Movement and the New Left

1. SDS (Students for a Democratic Society): want participatory democracy

2. UC- Berkley’s sit-ins

3. Women’s Liberation: Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique, helped to found NOW (National Organization

Women)

a. Other feminist from the period – Gloria Steinem pushed for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA);

Jane Fonda (best known for her Vietnam Protests)

b. Phyllis Schlafly, author of A Choice, Not An Echo, opposed the Feminist and the ERA

4. Homosexual Rights visible after raid on Stonewall Inn, Greenwich Village, NYC

5. Hippy movement began to center around the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco

C. Thurgood Marshall was appointed by Johnson to the Supreme Court (1967) – first African American

XXXII. Domestic Policy & Society, 1969-1980

A. Nixon

1. supported the 26th Amendment (extended to suffrage to18 years), the Clean Air Act, and Revenue

sharing: $30 B to states

B. Watergate

1. Break-in: 5 men caught breaking into the Democratic Headquarters. (June 1973)

2. Congress: Senate investigates & House Judiciary Committee began impeachment hearing (1973-74)

3. Bob Woodward & Carl Bernstein @ Washington Post used investigative reporting

4. Spiro Agnew: Vice President resigned, Nixon appointed Gerald Ford to be VP

5. Nixon resigns—Ford became first unelected president

C. Ford

1. Nixon Pardoned, cost Fort the 1976 Election

D. Carter

1. Election 1976: Carter defeated Ford

2. Economy in Stagflation

3. Energy Department created (1977); energy crisis in America

4. Environment: “superfund” created for clean up

E. Social Trends

1. Hispanic population grew 61%

2. Women: >50% employed; Equal Rights Amendment approved by Congress (1972) not ratified by the

states

3. Population shift to the sunbelt

4. Religion: rise in conservative Christianity; some leads become political (Jerry Farwell)

XXXIII. Foreign Policy, 1969-1980

A. Nixon

1. Vietnamization: Nixon turns war to So VN, w/drew 60K troops (1969)

2. Cambodia: Nixon ordered bombing, led to ↑ in protests (Kent State) 3. Draft: lottery system instituted (1970-73)

4. Pentagon Papers (1971): revealed that President Johnson had mislead the people, proved that he had

planned the escalation in Vietnam

5. Title IX – Outlawed discrimination based on gender in education.

6. War Powers Act: required congressional approval for commitment of combat troops (1973)

7. SALT: USSR & USA signed Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty

8. Détente: name given to Nixon & Kissinger’s policy to reduce tension due to Cold War 9. Traveled to China & USSR—first president

B. Ford—Saigon fell to North Vietnam

C. Carter

1. Panama (1978): transfer of ownership of canal to Panamanians in 1999

2. Israel (1978): Camp David Agreement signed btw Egypt & Israel which gives Sinai to Egypt

3. SALT II (1979): not passed by Senate

4. Afghanistan (1979): USSR invades, Carter ships grain to Afgh & pulls SALT II from Congress

5. Iran (1979-1980): American backed Shah removed from leadership, hostages taken @ US embassy in

Tehran for 444 days

XXXIV. Domestic Policy & Society, 1981-1993

A. Reagan

1. cuts spending on domestic programs by $39 billion

2. increased defense spending by $12 B

a. Strategic Defense Initiative dubbed “Star Wars” 3. Economic Recovery Tax Act (1981): reduced income tax by 25% over 3 yrs

4. Election 1984: Reagan beats Walter Mondale (Geraldine Ferrara= 1st female on national ticket)

5. appointed Sandra Day O’Connor to the Supreme Court, first female

B. Bush—Elected 1988

1. Deficit @ $4T: raised taxes & cut spending

2. Election 1992: Bill Clinton defeats Bush (R) & Ross Perot (Ind)

C. Social & Culture

1. AIDS discovered (1981)

2. Labor Unions decline ~19%

XXXV. Foreign Policy, 1981-1993

A. Reagan

1. Nicaragua (1981-188)US provided military aid to Contras who opposed leftist Sandinistas; cease fire

signed 1988

2. Grenada (1983): USA overthrew Cuban-backed regime

3. Iran-Contra (1985-86): arms sold to Iranians; profits diverted to Contras; Congressional hearings

B. Bush, Sr.

1. Cold War Ends (we hope!) – the Communist Block in Eastern Europe breaks apart, Berlin Wall was

torn

down in later 1989/1990, Collapse of the USSR

2. Panama (1989-Jan 1990): US troops invaded & overthrew Noriega, who allegedly sold drugs in US

3. Persian Gulf War (1990-91): Iraq invaded Kuwait; US troops ordered to Saudi Arabia; Desert Storm

used

missiles & air attacks

XXXVI. Domestic Policies, 1992-present

A. Clinton

1. Clinton pushed for Universal Health Car – failed!

2. Abortion: overturned “gag” rule prohibiting federally funded clinics from discussing abortion

3. Deficit: $496B reduction of deficit, balanced budget was signed in 1997, 2000 had a $230B surplus

4. Taxes: raised for upper- & middle-class & on gasses

5. AmeriCorps: jobs for college students to ↑ college opportunities

6. Brady Bill: Gun control through waiting periods

7. Contract With America (1994): Sen. Gingrich proposed way to change Am—welfare reform, tougher

anti-crime, term limits, balanced budget—not passed

8. Oklahoma City Bombing (1995): Timothy McVeigh bombs Murrah Federal Building killing 168

9. Impeachment (1998) over perjury

B. Growing Racial & Ethnic Diversity

1. Affirmative Action

2. Bilingual education

3. Nativism

C. George W. Bush

1. Election 2000: Gore won popular vote, Bush won electoral vote, disputed returns in FL

2. Tax cuts, rebates, new energy plan, No Child Left Behind education plan, Federal funding to faith-

based

programs

D. Barak Obama

1. Election of 2008: Obama, defeated John McCain, becoming the first African American President

2. ???

XXXVII. Foreign Policies, 1994-present

A. Clinton

1. Embassy bombings in Africa by terrorists

2. Haiti (1991): Un issued embargo & USA sent troops b/c democratically elected pres was overthrown.

Carter able to negotiate.

3. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): work to eliminate tariffs btw Mx, USA, Canada

4. Bosnia (1995): Ethnic cleansing stopped by NATO & US troops.

5. Kosovo (1996): Albanians wanted to separate from rest of Serbia, NATO & US troops intervene

B. Environment—Global warming, nuclear proliferation, ozone concerns

C. Bush—War on Terrorism

1. Sept. 11, 2001—Planes crash into WTC, Pentagon & PA field

a. Patriot Act

2. Conflict in Afghanistan (2001-Present): Military attack on al-Qaeda camps & Osama bin Laden;

removed the Taliban from power…

3. Conflict in Iraq (2003-Present): Military attack to remove Saddam Hussein from power and establish a

democracy in Iraq… to  be  contined… D. Obama—???

Part III

Supreme Court Cases to Know:

Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 (both) – ended school segregation Bush v. Gore, 2001- stopped the recount in FL, Bush won the Election Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857- overturned the compromise line of 1820, ruled that Congress had no authority to outlaw slavery in the territories, ruled that slaves were property and not citizens Engle v. Vitale, 1962 – first  case  to  even  mention  “separation  of  church  and  state”  – outlawed teacher-lead pray in schools. Escobedo v. IL, 1964 – criminal suspects have a right to a lawyer during interrogations Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 – Right to a lawyer in a criminal trial when tried in a state court Korematsu v. US, 1944 – upheld Executive Order 9066 (Japanese Internment) Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 – exclusionary rule – illegal evidence is impermissible in court Miranda v. AZ, 1966 – one must be informed of their rights before questioning. Munn v. IL – allowed states to regulate business (ie RR) within their border Wabash v. IL – limited  the  power  of  the  states  to  regulate  the  RR  due  to  the  “interstate”  clause…  lead  to  the creation of the ICC US v. EC Knight— filed to stop the forming of the sugar trust, but the sugar trust won because the factory was within a state, Knight Sugar Company controlled 98% of market

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 – established  the  doctrine  of  “separate  but  equal” Regents of CA v. Bakke, 1978 – case of reverse discrimination, race cannot be the only factor when determining college admission. Roe v. Wade, 1973 – legalized abortion Schenck v. US, 1919 – free speech can be limited during times of war or to protect public safety Swann v. Charlotte Meck. School District, 1969 – forced bussing can be used to desegregate (this was recently overturned) Tinker v. Des Moines School District, 1969 – free speech applies to students so long as it does not disrupt classroom instruction New Jersey v. T.L.O. – schools  need  only  “suspicion”  in  order  to  search  a  student Texas v. Johnson, 1991 – flag burning was upheld under the courts interpretation of the first amendment US v. Nixon – presidents  have  “executive  privilege”  but  only  in  matters  of  national  security  – Nixon had to turn over  the  tapes… Worcester v. GA – Cherokee’s  were  entitled  to  their  land,  however,  Jackson  refused to enforce the ruling Texas v. White, 1869 – Declared that secession was unconstitutional.

Part IV Terms to Know: Goal 1 Missouri Compromise

Mexican War

Wilmot Proviso

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Gadsden Purchase

Monroe Doctrine

Goal 2 Anti-slavery movement

Slave codes

Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Bleeding Kansas

Republican Party

Popular Sovereignty

Sumner-Brooks Incident

Freeport Doctrine

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Free Soil Party

Compromise of 1850

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

John Brown and Harper’s Ferry

Fugitive Slave Act

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle  Tom’s  Cabin Fugitive Slave Law

Election of 1860

Secession

Fort Sumter, S.C.

Abraham Lincoln

Jefferson Davis

Confederation

First Battle of Bull Run/ Manassas

John Wilkes Booth

Antietam

Vicksburg

Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Election of 1864

William Sherman’s March

Anaconda Plan

Copperheads

Emancipation Proclamation

African-American participation

Appomattox Court House

Robert E. Lee

Ulysses S. Grant

George McClellan

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Freedman’s Bureau

Radical Republicans

Reconstruction plans

Thaddeus Stevens

Andrew Johnson

Tenure of Office Act

Johnson’s impeachment Scalawags

Carpetbaggers

Black Codes

Ku Klux Klan

Sharecroppers

Tenant farmers

Jim Crow laws

The Whiskey Ring

Solid South

Military reconstruction

13th amendment

14th amendment

15th amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Election of 1876

Compromise of 1877

Goal 3 Homestead Act

Roles of women

Roles of African Americans

Roles of Chinese

Roles of Irish

Comstock Lode

Morrill Land Grant Act 1862

Sod houses

Oklahoma Land Rush

Dawes Severalty Act

Chief Joseph

Nez Perce

Battle of Little Big Horn

Sand Creek Massacre

Wounded Knee

Helen Hunt Jackson’s

Century of Dishonor Buffalo Soldiers

Promontory Point, Utah

Transcontinental Railroad

Irish immigrants

Chinese immigrants

The Grange

National Farmer Alliances

Southern Alliance

Colored Farmers Alliance

Omaha Platform

Interstate Commerce Act

Rebates

William Jennings Bryan

“Cross  of  Gold  Speech”

Greenbacks

Barbed wire

Refrigerator car

Windmill

Farmer’s Cooperatives

Steel Plow

Vertical/horizontal integration

Interlocking directorates

Goal 4 Elevator

Electric trolleys

Jacob Riis

Ellis Island

Culture shock

Settlement houses

Jane Addams

Dumbbell tenements

Chinese Exclusion Act

Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison

Typewriter

Sweatshops

Amusement parks

Spectator sports

Frederick Olmstead

Cultural pluralism

Urbanization

Nativism

Melting pot

Bessemer Process

Andrew Carnegie

John Rockefeller

J. P. Morgan

Vanderbilt family

Edwin Drake

Standard Oil Company

U. S. Steel

George Westinghouse

Gospel of Wealth Horatio Alger

Social Darwinism

Trust

Monopoly

Gilded Age

Working conditions

Wages

Child labor

Craft unions

Trade unions

Knights of Labor

Haymarket Riot

American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers

Eugene Debs

Strike

Negotiation

Mediation

Collective bargaining

Arbitration

Yellow-dog contract

Closed shop

Sherman Antitrust Act

The Great Strike (1877)

Pullman Strike

Homestead Strike

Pendleton Act

Political machines

Boss Tweed

Tammany Hall

Thomas Nast

Credit Mobilier scandal

Graft

Whiskey Ring scandal

Populism

Secret ballot (Australian)

Initiative

Referendum

Recall

Mugwumps

Goal 5 Alfred T. Mahan

Josiah Strong

Frederick Jackson Turner

Imperialism

Spheres of influence

Queen Liliuokalani

Seward’s Folly

Treaty of Paris 1898

Platt Amendment

“Splendid Little War” Social Darwinism

Philippines

Commodore George Dewey

Theodore Roosevelt

Rough Riders

William Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer

USS Maine

Panama Canal

Pancho Villa Raids

“Jingoism” Dollar Diplomacy

Roosevelt Corollary

Anti-Imperialism League

Missionary (Moral) Diplomacy

Boxer Rebellion

Open Door Policy

Annexation of Hawaii

Goal 6 Muckraking

Ida Tarbell

Lincoln Steffens

Upton Sinclair

Jacob Riis

Urban slums

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Jane Addams/Hull House

16th Amendment

17th Amendment

18th Amendment

(Volstead Act)

19th Amendment

Carrie A. Nation

Anthracite Coal Strike

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Northern Securities v U.S., 1904

American Tobacco v U.S., 1911

US v EC Knight &Co, 1895

Payne Aldrich Tariff, 1909

Mann Elkins Act

Robert LaFollette

Election of 1912

Progressive/Bull Moose Party

Federal Reserve Act

Plessey v Ferguson, 1896

Booker T. Washington

W.E.B. Dubois

Ida B. Wells Barnett

Great Migration

Niagara Movement

Atlanta Compromise Speech

The NAACP

Nationwide lynching

Disenfranchisement

Literacy test

Poll taxes

Grandfather clauses

Wright brothers

Movie Camera

Coca Cola

Ford’s Innovations: $5 day

Assembly line

Model T

Workers as consumers

Electricity

Mail order catalogs

Skyscrapers

Kodak cameras

Airline service

Sewing machine

Goal 7 Nationalism

Militarism

Alliances

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

U-Boat submarine warfare

Serbia

Allies

Central Powers

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Contraband

Zimmerman Telegram

Lusitania

Mobilization

Election of 1916

Woodrow Wilson

Isolationists

Selective Service Act

Jeanette Rankin

“Make the world safe for democracy” Idealism

John J. Pershing

American Expeditionary Force

Trench warfare

“No Man’s Land” Mustard gas

Doughboys

Armistice

Fourteen Points (1-5, 14)

“The Big Four” “Peace without victory” Russian and Bolshevik Revolutions

Treaty of Versailles

League of Nations

Henry Cabot Lodge

17th Amendment

18th Amendment

19th Amendment

Industrial Workers of the World

Self-determination

Committee on Public Information/

George Creel

Food Administration/

Herbert Hoover

War Industries Board/Bernard Baruch

Ku Klux Klan

Palmer/Palmer Raids

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Eugene V. Debs

Schenck v United States, 1919

Sacco and Vanzetti

John L. Lewis (United Mine Workers)

Washington Naval Conference

Dawes Plan

Goal 8

“Return to Normalcy” laissez-faire

Teapot Dome scandal

Albert Fall

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Speculation

Buying on the margin

Mechanization

“Black Tuesday” Rugged individualism

Direct relief

Easy credit

Installment plan

Overproduction

Hoovervilles

Soup kitchens

Breadlines

Radio

Market/advertising

Jazz

Silent and “talkies” films

“The Jazz Singer” Lost Generation

Langston Hughes

Louis Armstrong

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Ernest Hemingway

Sinclair Lewis

Speakeasies

Bootleggers

Babe Ruth

Charles Lindbergh

Automobiles

FDR’s “Fireside Chats” Zora Neal Hurston

Marcus Garvey

United Negro Improvement

Association

W.E.B. Dubois (repeat)

Fundamentalism

Scopes Trial

Aimee Semple McPherson

Billy Sunday

Margaret Sanger

Deficit spending

Social Security

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

(FDIC)

Securities and Exchange Commission

(SEC)

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

National Industrial Recovery Act

(NIRA)

Works Progress Administration

(WPA)

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner

Act)

Fair Labor Standards Act

Father Charles Coughlin

Huey P. Long

Frances Perkins

Goal 9 Adolf Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Emperor Hirohito

Winston Churchill

Fascism

Joseph Stalin

Munich Pact

Third Reich

Four Freedoms

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Lend-Lease Act

Neutrality Acts

Non-Aggression Pact

Pearl Harbor

Quarantine Speech

Atomic bomb

Battle of Britain

Battle of the Bulge

Blitzkrieg

Chester Nimitz

D-Day (Operation Overlord)

Douglas MacArthur

George Patton

Holocaust

Newsreels

Pamphlets

Airdrops

War posters

Iwo Jima

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Manhattan Project

Midway

Island hopping

Nuremberg Trials

Okinawa

Pearl Harbor

Stalingrad

Tehran

V-E Day, V-J Day

Casablanca, Potsdam

War bonds

Baby boomers

Fair Deal

G.I. Bill

Korematsu v United States, 1944

Levittown

Northern Migration

Middle class

Rosie the Riveter

Selective Services Act

AFL-CIO

Taft-Hartley Act

WACS

War Production Board

Japanese Internment Sites

Japanese American Museum

Japanese Internment

Rationing

Bay of Pigs

Berlin Airlift

Berlin Wall

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Cuban Missile Crisis

Douglas MacArthur

Eisenhower Doctrine

Fidel Castro

Geneva Accords

Hydrogen Bomb

Iron Curtain

Police Action

Test Ban Treaty

Chinese Civil War

Israel

Korean War

Marshall Plan

Nikita Khrushchev

Truman Doctrine

U-2 Incident

Alliance for Progress

N.A.T.O.

O.A.S.

S.E.A.T.O.

Security Council

United Nations

Warsaw Pact

Goal 10 “Duck and cover” Fallout Shelters

National Security Act, 1947

House on Un-American

Activities Committee

Alger Hiss

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Hollywood Blacklist

The National Highway Act

Selective Service System

New Left

Détente

S.A.L.T. I and II

Montgomery bus boycotts

Rosa Parks

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Malcolm X

Black Panthers

Black Power Movement

Stokley Carmichael

C.O.R.E.

S.N.C.C.

March on Washington

James Meredith

Little Rock Nine

George Wallace

Brown v Board of Education, Topeka,

Kansas, 1954

Thurgood Marshall

Earl Warren

24th amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Women’s Liberation

National Organization for Women

Gloria Steinem

Phyllis Schafly

The Feminine Mystique

Equal Rights Amendment

Roe v. Wade, 1973

British Invasion-Beatles

Elvis Presley

Haight-Ashbury

Woodstock

Cesar Chavez

American Indian Movement

Clean Air Act

Clean Water Act

Environmental Protection Agency

Betty Friedan

Tet Offensive

Robert McNamara

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

War Powers Act 1973

Ho Chi Minh

My Lai Incident

Agent Orange

Napalm

Vietcong

Pentagon Papers

26th Amendment

General William Westmoreland

Kent State

Cambodia/Laos

Fall of Saigon, 1975

Paris Peace Accords

Operation Rolling Thunder

Radio in 1950’s

Sputnik

NASA

National Defense Education Act

Space Programs

Neil Armstrong

John Glenn

Computers

Calculators

Silicon Valley

ICBMs

Hydrogen bombs

Color television

Microwave technology

Nuclear power

Commercial jet travel

HUD

Head Start

VISTA

Medicare

Peace Corps

National Endowment for the

Humanities

New York Times v U.S. 1971

United States v Nixon 1974

Sam Ervin/Senate Watergate

Committee

John Dean

Bob Woodward/Carl Bernstein

Democratic National Convention 1968

25th Amendment

Students for a Democratic Society

(SDS)

Goal 11 Yasser Arafat-Palestine Nationalism

(PLO)

U.S. invasion of Lebanon

Yom Kipper War

Camp David Accords

Anwar el-Sadat

Menachem Begin

Shah of Iran

Ayatollah Khomeini

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Jimmy Carter

Famine/Somalia and Ethiopia

Foreign debt

Apartheid

Nelson Mandela

Helsinki Accords

Strategic Defense Initiative (Star

Wars)

Iran-Contra Affair

INF Treaty

Mikhail Gorbachev

Saddam Hussein

Persian Gulf Wars

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Tiananmen Square

Sandra Day O’Connor Clarence Thomas

Microsoft

27th Amendment

Flag burning

Americans with Disabilities Act

Political Action Committees

Geraldine Ferraro

Title IX

Texas v Johnson

Swan v Charlotte Mecklenburg

Schools

William Rehnquist

WIN (Ford)

Stagflation

NAFTA

Department of Energy

Airline deregulation

Three Mile Island

Energy Crisis

National Energy Act

Solar Energy

Supply-Side economics

Computer revolution

Internet

Bill Gates

National debt

Food stamps

NASDAQ, 1990’s

“Trickle-down” theory

Challenger disaster

Presidential pardon

1976 election

Jimmy Carter

Ronald Reagan

Amnesty

Elections of 1980-2000

New Right Coalition

New Federalism

Graying of America

New Democrat

Ross Perot

Bill Clinton

Al Gore

Joe Lieberman

John McCain

Newt Gingrich

Immigration Policy Act

Republican Election of 2000

Regents of UC v Bakke 1978

Reverse discrimination

Affirmative action

Minorities in politics

Multiculturalism

Green Card

Nativist

Bilingual education

ESEA-No Child Left Behind

Patriot Act

Embassy bombings

September 11, 2001

Al-Quaeda

Colin Powell

Osama bin Laden

Taliban Regime

Terrorist network

George W. Bush

World Trade Center

War on Iraq

Afghanistan

Department of Homeland Security

Nuclear proliferation

Airport security

Pre-emptive strikes

“Axis of Evil”