review of “isms”
DESCRIPTION
Review of “Isms”. The belief that the history has been created by conflicting interests--the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Socialism. The belief that equality under the law and constitutionalism are paramount to good government. Liberalism. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Review of “Isms”
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The belief that the history has been created by
conflicting interests--the bourgeoisie and the
proletariatSocialism
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The belief that equality under the law and
constitutionalism are paramount to good
government
Liberalism
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Spreading of economic, political, social or other
control over foreign lands and people (post-industrial
age)
• Imperialism
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Strong sense of belonging to one group based on
language, culture, history; desire for unified country
• Nationalism
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Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour
• Unifiers of Italy
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Frederick Wilhelm, Otto von Bismarck
• Unifiers of Germany
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Karl Marx, Frederick Engels
• Brains behind socialism
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Alexis de Tocqueville
• Wrote “Democracy in America”
• Liberal theorist
• Supporter of Constitutional Monarchy
• Supporter of Reform not revolution
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Positive view toward nature, human emotion,
against Ind Rev
• Romanticism
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Germany after Napoleon I
• 38 German State Confederation
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Germany over last 300 years
• 300 Germans provinces and princes• Holy Roman Empire• Peace of Augsburg• 30 Years War/Peace of Westphalia• Rise of Prussia• Hohenzollerns, Brandenburg• Confederation of the Rhine• German Confederation• Who should lead—Big Germans, Small Germans
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Herder’s romantic concept
• Volkgeist—spirit of the people
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Other German romantic nationalists
• Grimms Brothers, Treischke, Fabri,
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1848 Revolution in Prussia sequence
• Frankfurt Assembly
• Attempt to unify Germans
• Disagree over Big/Small Germans
• Not organized
• Crown offered to FW IV
• Frederick William IV turns down crown
• German Confederation 39 states
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Austria areas of revolution
• Vienna—constitution, liberal, German
• Prague—nationalist, Czechs/Bohemians, failed, government crushed
• Budapest—Magyars/Hungarians, Kossuth, March Laws, crushed after several months (1849)
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Magyar leader
• Kossuth
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Other revolutions 1830-1848
• Greece
• Italy
• France—1830 deposed Chas X
• France—1848 Feb, June
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Sardinia, Papal States, Austrian territories,
Piedmont
• Before Italian Unification--all independent states
• Joined the Italian confederation
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What other areas of the world have written
about and fought for national identity?
• Greece, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Chechnya, Taiwan, etc.
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Slogan “Blood and Iron”
• Otto von Bismarck
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Realpolitik means
• Do whatever is necessary to carry out goals; politics of reality
• Bismarck
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French Revolution was this kind of
revolution
• Liberal Revolution
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3 ways Italy was unified:
• Diplomacy
• War
• Public support
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In order to unify Italy, Cavour allied with what
country?
• France
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Key imperialists:
• Stanley, Livingstone
• Kichener
• Rhodes
• DeBrazza
• Leopold II
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Cecil Rhodes, Emigration Societies
• Rhodes was an British Imperialist
• Cairo to Capetown Railroad design
• Emigration Societies got men and women to go to colonies
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South Africa, Egypt, India, Ghana, Nigeria
• English colonies
• gradual decolonization emphasized
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Indochina, Algeria, Tunisia
• French colonies
• Assimilation emphasized
• Revolutions necessary to decolonize
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Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico
• American “Spheres of Influence”
• After Spanish American War
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Lenin believed it was the highest stage of
Capitalism• Imperialism due to industrialism
• Need for markets and resources
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Fascism is its worst enemy
• Liberalism
• Individual rights, constitutionalism
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New imperialism is different from old
colonialism in what way?
• Industrial age
• Need for markets and raw materials
• Highest stage of capitalism
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Motivations for Imperialism…
• Raw materials and markets• Civilizing mission• Living space• National power
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Colonial Conflicts
• Sudan—Omduran—England, Muslims
• Fashoda—England v. France; N Africa
• Boer War—S. Africa; Eng v Dutch
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Meeting where rules for splitting Africa created
• Berlin Conference 1885
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Imperialism’s Affect on Women--
• Need for talented women in the colonies
• Serve national needs of mother country• Jill of all trades
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Imperialism’s Affect on Indigenous people?
• Outside control of resources
• Outside control of economy and gov’t
• People begin to want independence
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Africa was known as the Dark Continent--Why?
• Europeans did not know much about the interior of Africa
• Diseases and lack of maps/transportation kept them along coastal areas
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True or False: Decolonization is the process of getting
independence from imperialists
• True