review materials science
DESCRIPTION
REVIEW MATERIALS SCIENCE. Chap. 3 UNIT CELL. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES. FCC (FACE – CENTERED CUBIC). SC (SIMPLE CUBIC). HCP (HEXAGONAL CLOSE PACKED). BCC (BODY – CENTERED CUBIC). DIFFERENT POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS OF LATTICE PARAMETERS. CRISTALOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS. CRISTALOGRAPHIC PLANES. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES
A sites
B sites
A sites
SC (SIMPLE CUBIC)FCC (FACE – CENTERED CUBIC)
BCC (BODY – CENTERED CUBIC) HCP (HEXAGONAL CLOSE PACKED)
EXERCICE 3.31 y 3.41
Here are unit cells for two hypothetical metals:
a) What are the indices for the directions indicated by the vectors in the sketch (A, B)?
b) What are the indices for the two planes drawn in sketch ?
• Vacancies:-vacant atomic sites in a structure.
Vacancydistortion of planes
• Self-Interstitials:-"extra" atoms positioned between atomic sites.
self-interstitialdistortion
of planes
POINT DEFECTS
CHAP. 4 IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS
Two outcomes if impurity (B) added to host (A):• Solid solution of B in A (i.e., random dist. of point defects)
• Solid solution of B in A plus particles of a new phase (usually for a larger amount of B)
OR
Substitutional alloy(e.g., Cu in Ni)
Interstitial alloy
(e.g., C in Fe)
Second phase particle--different composition--often different structure.
POINT DEFECTS IN ALLOYS
• Dislocations slip planes incrementally...• The dislocation line (the moving red dot)... ...separates slipped material on the left from unslipped material on the right.
INCREMENTAL SLIP
LINE DEFECTS
Atomic view of edgedislocation motion fromleft to right as a crystalis sheared.
Grain boundaries: • are boundaries between crystals. • are produced by the solidification process, for example. • have a change in crystal orientation across them. • impede dislocation motion.
grain boundaries
Schematic
heat flow
~ 8cmMetal Ingot
AREA DEFECTS: GRAIN BOUNDARIES