review images #2 - population geography
TRANSCRIPT
Review Images #2:Population Geography
Arithmetic Density
People per square mi or km
Physiologic Density
People per sq mi or km of arable (farmable) land
Why Is Physiologic Density Important?
Carrying capacity!Egypt: 98% of the people live on 3% of
the land
Distribution vs. Density
Density in Diagram a? Diagram b?
What differs?
World’s 4 Major Population Clusters
In which four global regions is the world’s population clustered?East Asia, South Asia, Western Europe, Eastern North
America
Too ColdToo Hot, Too Dry
Too Wet Too High
Why is Population Unevenly Distributed?
Some locations are …
At a Global Scale,Climate, Landforms and Resources
Influence Human Settlement Patterns
Which climate zones are most preferable for human habitation?
U.S. Population Distribution
Megalopolis: long chain of continuous metropolitan areas
Megalopolis
20% of U.S. pop.
Mean Center of U.S. Population Has Shifted West and South
Malthus: Population Will Outstrip Food Supply
Why have Malthus’s predictions not come true?
World Population Growth by Region
Which regions are growing at the fastest pace? Slowing down?
Demographic Transition
What is the Demographic Transition?
What other changes does it correlate to?
What Causes Death and Birth Rates to Fall?
• Death Rates fall with improvements in:– Health care– Hygiene– Sanitation– Food supply
• Birth Rates fall with:– Education, esp. of women– Birth control (available and affordable)– Industrialization– Economic opportunity– Increased standard of living
Pyramids Illustrate Age & Gender Composition or
Structure
Age-gender groups
are called cohorts.
Your cohort
Developing Countries Developed Countries
Youth Bulge and Aging Populations: Both Present Challenges
Population Pyramids Reflecting 4 Stages of Demographic Transition
AIDS Impacted Populations
As countries develop economically, people are more likely to die of chronic diseases than contagious diseases.
Introduction to the U.S. Census
Which states and regions gained representatives? Lost? Why?
Electoral Vote Apportionment After Census 2010
GIS Helps Us Visualize Census Data
International Forced Migration
“Largest and most devastating forced migration in human history.”
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration1. Every migration flow generates a return or
counter-migration.2. The majority of migrants move a short
distance.3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to
choose big-city destinations.4. Urban residents are less migratory than rural
residents.5. Families are less likely to make international
moves than young adults.
The Friction of Distance and The Gravity Model
African Islands of Development
Diaspora: Involuntary Mass Dispersion
African Diaspora
Jewish Diaspora
Hurricane Katrina Diaspora 2005
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration In Action?
Immigration Waves
How do U.S. immigration waves differ?
Historical Migration Flows
Who? Where? Why?
International Net Migration
Blue? Brown? Green?
More and Less Developed Regions
Contemporary Migration FlowsStalker’s Guide to International Migration
Who? Where? Why?
LDCs to MDCs
Colonial ties
Regional islands of development
What relationship does population
composition have to international
migration pulls and pushes?
Asylum Seekers
How are asylum seekers different from basic migrants?
Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan
How are refugees different from basic migrants?
U.S. Domestic Migration
Indian Removal 1830s -1840s
The Great Migration 1916-1930
Pull factors: job opportunities, less racism
Reverse Great Migration1995-2000
Pull factors: New job opportunities, family ties, improving race
relations
Urban To Suburban 1950s -1990s
Pull factors: more open space, lower housing prices, new job opportunities
Rust Belt to Sunbelt1960s-Present
Pull factors: less commuting time, lower transportation costs, lower housing costs,
urban amenities
Current - Suburban to Urban
North Dakota Oil Boom